Kuyini ukuthuthukiswa okwabiwe? Amagoli, okuhle nokubi

Imayelana nokwabiwa ngokulinganayo kwemali engenayo yesizwe, eyaqala ukusetshenziswa ngumongameli waseMexico uLuis Echeverría ngo-1976. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kukazwelonke loMbuso waseMexico lwazuza kakhulu ngalolu hlelo olusha lomnotho.

Isakhamuzi ngasinye esikhuluma iSpanish kumele sazi leli gama ukuze sihlaziye ngokucophelela igatsha eliphezulu. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana nokuthi umqondo wentuthuko eyabiwayo umayelana nokuthi usetshenziswe kuziphi izifunda zomhlaba, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda i-athikili elandelayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Isikhathi sentuthuko saziwa njengenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo lapho umuntu ehlangabezana nakho izinguquko emazingeni omphakathi, okomoya kanye nakwezomnotho ukuthi kufanele bathuthukise imvelo yabo, kwezinye izincazelo kuhlobene nencazelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ngamafuphi, okudingwa yintuthuko ukukwazi ukufeza ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanya ngqo umuntu. Ukutholakala kwezidingo eziyisisekelo zomuntu kuhambisana nesimo lapho lesi sakamuva sithuthuka khona.

Ngokombono wobuntu, igama elithi intuthuko kumele lisetshenziswe ukubhekisa enkululekweni abantu abanayo yokwakha iphrojekthi yabo yokuphila ngokuya ngamathuba ezomnotho nezenhlalo zezwe.

Kungaleso sikhathi-ke, ukuthi ngokombono wezepolitiki, ukusebenzisa isikhathi sentuthuko kungazuzisa noma kulimaze abahlali bezwe ngokuya ngenhloso ephethwe ngayo.

Ngokwakhe, uLuis Echeverría, ubenezimpikiswano ezinhle kakhulu emcabangweni wakhe wentuthuko ehlanganyelwe eyamvumela ukuthi afinyelele kubumongameli futhi akwazi ukukusebenzisa emnothweni waseMexico wangaleso sikhathi.

Imodeli yentuthuko eyabiwe

Imbangela enkulu yokuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo lwezomnotho eMexico kwakuyizikhathi zenhlekelele izwe elalihlangabezana nazo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70s.

Lokhu kwaphoqa uhulumeni ukuthi ukunciphisa umkhawulo wesabelomali sikazwelonke emisebenzini yomphakathi, ngaphandle kokubheka ukuthi lesi senzo sizoletha imiphumela emikhulu kwezomnotho futhi sidale nobumpofu obengeziwe ezakhamuzini.

Ngalesi sikhathi senhlekelele, iBhange Lomhlaba, i-Inter-American Development Bank kanye ne-International Monetary Fund basize amazwe asenkingeni yeminyaka eyishumi.

Imibandela yokusizwa kwalezi zinhlangano ukwehliswa kwezindleko zomphakathi, okuthi, njengoba sishilo phambilini, zidale ukwehla komnotho, ikakhulukazi owaseMexico.

Izwe lokuqala lasiza umnotho waseLatin owadla imikhiqizo yawo, kepha kwakungabakhiqizi bezinto zabo zokusetshenziswa.

Lokhu isize ukukhula kweminotho yaseLatin futhi kuze kufike ezingeni elithile, ukuze ngizimele ezabelomali zeBhange Lomhlaba, i-Inter-American Development Bank kanye ne-International Monetary Fund.

Ukutholakala kukawoyela eVenezuela naseMexico kubasizile ukuthi baqinise umnotho wabo ekusetshenzisweni komkhiqizo wabo wasekhaya.

Izinhloso zemodeli

Ngokuyinhloko bekunezinhloso ezidumile ebezifuna ukuqinisa izivumelwano nezigaba ezahlukahlukene zenhlalo yabantu baseMexico, ngenkathi amanye amazwe esebenzisa okwehlukile izindlela zokugwema inkinga, IMexico, iqalise ukuthuthukiswa okwabiwe. Phakathi kwezinhloso eziyinhloko zale modeli yezomnotho yilezi:

• Nciphisa isikweletu seRiphabhulikhi.
• Ukuthi uMbuso ubulawula ngokuphelele iminotho eyahlukene ezimele ukumisa noma yikuphi ukungalingani kwezomnotho.
• Ukuthi umkhakha wezabasebenzi wawuyingxenye yayo yonke imikhakha yokukhiqiza.
• Nikeza impilo engcono kubantu.
• Khulisa inzuzo yomkhakha wezabasebenzi ngokusabalalisa ngokulinganayo izinzuzo zeRiphabhuliki.

Izici ezinhle

Le ndlela yezomnotho nakanjani ayizifezekisanga izinjongo ezibalulwe ngokunqoba. Kodwa-ke, kungenziwa okunye okuhle okusize umphakathi waseMexico ngaleso sikhathi:

• Ukuvulwa kwe-INFONAVIT Institute (Institute of the National Housing Fund for Workers), okwenze ukuthi abasebenzi bakwazi ukuthenga izindlu noma ukulungisa kabusha ezinye esezitholakele.
• Ukuguqulwa kwezemfundo okususelwa ekufundeni imisebenzi emisha.
• Ukuvulwa kwamanyuvesi amasha nezikhungo zemfundo abezindaba ngokungena kuzo zonke izethameli.
• Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwemfundo Yabantu Abadala.
• Ukufundisa iSpanishi ezinhlangeni ezahlukahlukene zomdabu.

Okubi

Impela le modeli yezomnotho ayizange ifinyelele kuzo zonke izinhloso ezazibekiwe, phakathi kwezici ezingezinhle zokwenza lo modeli sithola okulandelayo:

• Ukwanda kwesikweletu sangaphandle.
• Ukwanda kwezinga labantu abangasebenzi.
• Idola lakhishwa nge-6% eyengeziwe.
• Kwakukhona ukulawulwa kokushintshaniswa okwenza imali yakwamanye amazwe yashoda.

Ukwehluleka kwentuthuko okwabelwana ngayo njengesilinganiso somnotho

Ngamafuphi, kwakungeyona isiphakamiso esasisekelwe ezibonelweni ezibambekayo ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yaso.

Ngo-1976, umnotho waseMexico wafinyelela ekugcineni kwenkinga eyandisa ubumpofu nezinga eliphansi lempilo lezakhamizi.

Ubuningi besibalo sabantu nakho bekuyinto ethinte ngqo ukulawula le modeli yezomnotho okuhlose ukukusebenzisa kubatshali bezimali abahlukahlukene kanye nabasebenza ngenqubekela phambili.

Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthukiswa okwabiwe kwakungeyona into ngaphandle kwe-a Isixazululo esibi kakhulu nokushoda ngamathuluzi Lokho kwenza umnotho waseMexico ngaleso sikhathi nenkinga enkulu maqondana namanye amazwe aseLatin America nezikweletu zangaphandle ezazikhula kakhulu.

Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhlongoza izinhloso ebezingafinyelelwanga, ngakho-ke ukushoda kwezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezinhle, ukudla, izindlela zokuhlanzeka nezinye izinsizakalo zomphakathi kwakuyimbangela yokuwa komnotho kukahulumeni waseLuis Echeverría.

Kuxhunyaniswe nenkohlakalo kanye nesidingo sokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisheshayo edolobheni elinabantu abaningi kakhulu nezidingo ezihlukile ebezihlukaniswa nokucwaswa kwabantu.

Umnotho waseMexico

Namuhla kungumnotho wokuqala ngobukhulu eLatin America, kusekelwe emakethe yamahhala yokuthekelisa, iba umnotho weshumi nantathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni onemali eyisamba yomkhiqizo wasekhaya oyi-13 trillion dollars.

Yize kungumnotho ozinzile ovumela noma ngubani ukuthi acebe, kuphakamisa izingxabano zomphakathi ngenxa yobumpofu obukhulu kanye nengcebo etholakala emazweni abo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeMexico, bathinteka kakhulu ubumpofu.