Isayensi iguqule umuntu ngokuchachile, ngenxa yamagama ahlukene, uphenyo, imibono kanye nezisekelo ezichazayo zesayensi, ukuthi umphakathi ukwazile ukusungula imigomo yesayensi.
Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kwesayensi, abantu bakwazile chaza izenzakalo ezithile zemvelo, thuthuka endaweni yezokwelapha, uguquke ezingeni lobungcweti nasemikhakheni eyakha izingxenye zenhlalo.
Kuyini ukucabanga?
Kuyikhono lomuntu ukudala izithombe ezingokwengqondo ezizungeze isimo, into kanye nezimo. Kungumsebenzi ocatshangelwe engqondweni, lapho ukukhishwa komcabango nemisebenzi yengqondo kuyindawo yokugcina yomkhiqizo.
Konke okutholakala ngokwemvelo kwengqondo kubhekisela emcabangweni: ubunjalo bezinto ezingabonakali, ubuhlakani, ubuciko noma ubuciko, isibonelo.
Ezinye izincazelo zamagama afanayo esenzweni sokucabanga nazo zingathathwa njengokucatshangwa futhi akufanele nganoma yisiphi isizathu kube yinto engabazekayo; ngokwesibonelo: incazelo "yokucabanga" yiyona isenzo sokubonisa nokwakha imibono engqondweni.
- "Isithombe": kungukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo komqondo wentuthuko yengqondo, kungokwesimo sokuzithoba lapho amagama afana nokwazi, ukwahlulela nokucabanga ahlobene kahle.
- "Ulimi": umsebenzi lapho umcabango ungaba khona nkulumo yamahhala, ephakamisa incazelo yomcabango njengesenzo esiqondile sokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ngokuya ngezincazelo zayo ezahlukahlukene, umcabango ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngezimpawu zawo eziyinhloko. Imicabango: ukuhlaziya, ukukhipha imali, ukugxeka, ukudala, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, uhlelo, ukubuza imibuzo, ukuqonda kanye nezenhlalo; Yibo abakha imibono yengqondo uqobo, futhi babhekwa njengezinhlobo zemicabango.
Imisuka yomcabango wesayensi
Kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, umuntu ubelokhu ebonakala ku badinga ukuthuthukisa amakhono ahlukene okucabanga, ikakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sokusinda ayenaso kanye namasu ahlukene okwakufanele awasebenzise ukuxazulula ezinye izidingo zakhe eziyisisekelo njengokudla nendawo yokuhlala.
Kancane kancane, izidingo zomuntu ziye zashintsha ngokutholakala kwamathuluzi ajwayela impilo yansuku zonke; Isibonelo, esikhathini sensimbi, umuntu wayekwazi ukufinyelela ekwakhiweni kwala mathuluzi ngensimbi, ithusi nethusi; ngakho-ke wayethola ukusetshenziswa okungapheli izinto zemvelo amnikeza zona.
Kwathi-ke emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva eGrisi lasendulo, izidingo zokukwazi ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwesayensi zazinkulu kakhulu. Le ndoda ibibhekene no ubumbili befilosofi obudalula amakhono ahlukahlukene wokuba nokuzazi. Kakade isidingo sokuthi i-shaman kanye nokhokho bakamoya kwakumele benze imicikilisho ezungeze izinto zemvelo ezichazwe njengonkulunkulu, kwakudingeka zibekwe eceleni; ngisho nezinganekwane ezifanayo zamaGreki zaqala ukubuzwa ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi eyenzeka ngaleso sikhathi.
Izazi zefilosofi ezinkulu zizithole zisemsebenzini wokuchaza izindlela ezihlukile zokuziphatha komuntu ngendlela yokuhlaziya ngokususelwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa nokwahlulela okubucayi, noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwemicabango belungathathwa njengesayensi ngenxa yokwehluleka ukulinganisa ubuqiniso bemininingwane ngokusekelwe eziphethweni zokuhlaziya ngaphandle kobufakazi obuphathekayo.
Ku-Renaissance, ongqondongqondo abanjengoDa Vinci bafunda ngomzimba womuntu, imisebenzi yawo kanye nezitho zomzimba kanye nezifundo ezinqunyiwe njengokulingana komzimba. Kubhekwa njengesigaba somlando esihle kunazo zonke somuntu, lapho aba ngumakhi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, umculi, usosayensi futhi okwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi yesayensi.
Bese kuthi ngeNkathi Ephakathi, umuntu wethula ubunzima ezingeni lezempilo, yize izifo ezibulalayo zazibonile kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kuze kube yileso sikhathi lapho ukuntuleka kwenhlanzeko kwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umuntu ephoqeleka khona ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga zezempilo ngalo mcabango
Okunye futhi okwakubalulekile kwakuyizimpikiswano ezabangelwa ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu nethonya lakhe kwezinye izinto zemvelo; Kule nkathi, umuntu uhlushwa yingcindezelo enamandla ngokuba nomcabango ongaqondani kangako ngaphansi kwezimfundiso zenkolo, ngakho-ke, ukucabanga kwesayensi kwakubonwa ngasese.
Kamuva, intuthuko kaNewton noGalileo ivula umcabango onengqondo osuselwa kokuhlangenwe nakho okubonakalayo.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha leminyaka, uNkulunkulu waqala ukususwa endaweni yakhe njengomdali oyinhloko wakho konke umuntu akwaziyo, futhi owesibili uthatha indawo esezingeni lezimo ezimthinta ngqo; kugcizelelwa ukukwazi ukuchaza okunengqondo izinqubo ezilula njengokuncipha kanye nokuhwamuka.
Ekuphetheni, lowo muntu kumele akwazi ukucubungula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi ukuze azi ngokujula izinto ezibeka imvelo yabo endaweni; okusho ukuthi, ukuze ufike kumcabango osuselwe ebufakazini obuningi obuqinisekisiwe, umuntu kufanele akwazi ukunikeza incazelo ezicini zemilingo nezesayensi ezenzeka eduze kwakhe.
Izakhiwo
Ukuze umcabango wesayensi ubizwe kanjalo, kufanele ube nalezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo:
Izinhloso
La inhloso yemibono kwenza into noma isenzeko esenziwa ngaphansi kwesifundo kube lula ukusiqonda; Le nto, engezwe ebuqinisweni bamaqiniso, ingagaywa kalula ngumuntu oyifundayo.
Ukucabanga
Into esemqoka evumela umuntu ukuthi ahlukanise okuhle nokubi ngokuya ngemithetho yesayensi eyenza lula ukuqonda kweqiniso. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sici kulo mcabango kuhlanganisa ngempumelelo imiqondo nemithetho efundwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko zomcabango wesayensi
Ngaphakathi kokumiswa okukuchazayo, sithola izici ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlaziya
Ukucabanga kwesayensi kwe uhlamvu lokuhlaziyaKufanele uqonde ngayinye yezingxenye ezakha lo mkhuba. Leli gama libuye lisho isenzo sokubola nokuqamba izinto zokuphinda zenze imicimbi ebangelwe yiso.
Kunembile
Inokunemba, kufanele kube ngqo ukunikela ngemiphumela ngqo yocwaningo; Isibonelo, ukufunda ulimi olusha noma ukuxazulula izinkinga zezibalo, kudingeka kufundwe kahle ukuze kunembe futhi kufanelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwalo.
Okufuziselayo
Kushiwo i- umthamo wokukhipha ukuthi umuntu ufanelwe ukwazi ukucabanga ngokomqondo izithombe zenkinga noma into efundwayo. Ukucabanga kwe-Analogical kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuze kususwe futhi kuqanjwe izinto ezahlukahlukene ezakha ucwaningo futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikwazi ukuba nenqubo ephindaphindwayo eholela umuntu emphumeleni wokugcina wokuhlaziywa.
Edlulile
Kuyaphikelela ngesikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, umphumela wezinkolelo-mbono ezingakhombisi awulethi noma uzokwethula noma yiluphi ushintsho ngaphandle kokuthi izinto zangaphandle zibeke ukwakheka kwazo.
Iyaxhumana
Inkululeko okufanele uyivumele umuntu ayifunde ayilinganiseli, okungukuthi, noma ngubani ofuna ukufinyelela kulwazi ngomcabango wesayensi, angenza njalo ngendlela ayifunayo ngesikhathi asifunayo; isidingo sokuthi umuntu kumele abe naso ukuze asiqonde sanele.
Okwesimo
Kuzohlala kukhuphula izigaba ezahlukahlukene zolwazi, nalokhu, kusiza ekuhlaziyweni kwama-analogies, ubunzima kanye nobufakazi okufanele bufundwe ngokujulile nangokunemba.
Ukuqagela
Ingabikezela ngokunembile izinqubo nezigaba ezahlukahlukene ezingadala into ecwaningwayo. Njalo kusekelwe ezimisweni nasemithethweni yesayensi.
Iwusizo
Kuyasiza futhi kuzohlala kuwusizo kumuntu, ukufinyelela eziphethweni endaweni yezokwelapha noma ukwenza lula ukuqhubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe okubaluleke kakhulu esintwini.
Ukubaluleka kokuhambisana nesikhathi
Kusobala ukuthi kubalulekile ku ukuvela komuntu wanamuhla, ukuhlolwa okuningi kwamanje nemibono kuncike ekucabangeni kwesayensi ukuze intuthuko yayo ifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.
Isibonelo esicacile sesidingo sokusetshenziswa kwaso namuhla ikhambi elikhona lokulwa nomdlavuza; Yize imiphakathi ithi ikhambi elinjalo selivele likhona, ubukhona balo kusengabatshazwa.
Ukuze isiphetho somuthi wokwelapha umdlavuza sifinyelele emithini yendawo yonke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ukucabanga kwesayensi ngokuhlangana nendawo yakhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezosiza umuntu esikhathini esizayo ukuthi akwazi ukuzimela ezithweni ezibalulekile, ancike kulo mcabango. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kugxilwe ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene zemfundo uhulumeni ngamunye anazo, ukuze kupholiswe izizukulwane ezizayo nokuthi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela eziphethweni nolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi oluwusizo ukufaka isandla ohlangeni lwesintu.