Thola ukuthi umjikelezo wempilo yesihlahla unjani - Incazelo yezingane nabantu abadala

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwesihlahla uthakazelisa ngokwedlulele ukukhulisa isiko elijwayelekile lezingane nabantu abadala; ngakho-ke ukufunda ngakho kudonse amehlo ethu futhi yingakho senze okuchazayo.

Izihlahla ziyingxenye yezitshalo, ezinesiqu esinezinkuni futhi eziba namagatsha ngezansi nangaphezulu komhlaba; Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kuzo zonke izigaba zezitshalo ezifinyelela ubude obuthile esigabeni sazo sokuthuthuka, esingahluka phakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwayisithupha ngokusho kwabaphenyi.

La ukubaluleka kwezihlahla Okwezungezile Kubalulekile, ngoba ahlinzeka inani elikhulu lomoya-mpilo emhlabeni, ahlanze umoya wezinto ezinobungozi noma ezinobuthi, ayingxenye yezwe lemvelo, asiza ukulawula amazinga okushisa enhlabathi futhi ayizinto ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo, ukwakheka komhlaba, izimboni (njenge material) futhi ziwumthombo wamandla emazweni asathuthuka.

Ziyini izigaba zomjikelezo wokuphila kwesihlahla?

Izihlahla zingaba nomjikelezo ohlukahlukene kuye ngohlobo. Kodwa-ke, sizokhuluma ngendlela ejwayelekile ngalezo zihlahla ezinomjikelezo wokuphila ofanayo, kusukela ekutshaleni kuze kube sehlathini.

Ukuhlwanyela

Ngokuba ukutshala izihlahla Kumele kubhekwe izinto ezinhlobonhlobo, njengesimo sezulu, isimo sendawo, izinhlobo zezilwane, ukushiswa yilanga nokujula kwenhlabathi; ngoba ngayinye yazo izonquma ngamathuba okuphumelela noma okwehluleka kokuhlwanyela.

Akuzona zonke izihlahla ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sendawo noma isimo sezulu lapho zizotshalwa khona, ngakho-ke ukukhetha izinhlobo zazo kubaluleke kakhulu; futhi, uhlobo lwesihlahla kufanele futhi lubhekwe, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zinomkhawulo wobude lapho zingaphila khona (maqondana nolwandle. Ukukhanya nokujula nakho kudlala indima enkulu, ngoba kufanele isihlahla esikhethiwe.

Ukuhlwanyela kungenziwa nangezindlela eziningana: ngokusebenzisa imbewu, ukufaka amahlumela asendle, imbewu ekhulayo nokuyifaka phansi noma ukuhlanganisa ingxenye.

• Uma kuwuhlelo lokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, into efaneleke kuqala kungaba ukubona nokutadisha indawo lapho kuzotshalwa khona kucatshangelwa le micimbi eshiwo ngenhla; lapho-ke indawo yokhula nanoma iyiphi into engathinta kabi ukuhlwanyela kufanele ihlanzwe bese imbewu iyatshalwa.
• Uma uzotshalwa bese utshalwe kabusha, umhlaba lapho kuzotshalwa khona kufanele ukhululeke, ngaphezu kokuba nezakhamzimba ezidingekayo zokukhula kwesihlahla. Okunconywe kakhulu yimihlaba yemifula noma yemifudlana namahlathi.

Ukuthuthuka noma ukuvuthwa

Lesi sigaba semjikelezo wokuphila kwesihlahla singahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lwaso, ngoba ezinye zizothatha isikhathi eside noma zifushane ukukhula; kanye nokuphakama elizokufeza, isikhathi lapho lizothela khona izithelo noma ekukhiqizweni kwalo. Noma kunjalo, singagqamisa imininingwane elandelayo:

• Njalo ngonyaka kwenziwa amagatsha wesibili, avumela imvelaphi yomqhele omusha.
• Ngaphandle kokuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwehlukile, izihlahla zibonakala ngokuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izitshalo. Kukhona okwamanje ama-specimens adlula kalula iminyaka engu-2.000 4849 yobudala. Ngokuya ngemininingwane etholakele, izihlahla ezimbili ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo zineminyaka engu-5067 no-XNUMX ubudala.
• Izihlahla zivame ukufinyelela osayizi bamamitha amathathu kuye kwikhulu ukuphakama, kube yi-redwoods enkulu kunazo zonke. Isibonelo, eParque de las Secuoyas, isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke singamamitha angama-84 ukuphakama.
• Kunezinhlobo zezihlahla ezingaphezu kwezi-100.000, okuphakathi kwazo konke okuyingxenye yezitshalo ezingama-25% ezihlala emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, kunezindawo eziningi okusamele ziphenywe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyenzeka futhi ukhulume ngokujwayelekile ngokuzalwa kwesihlahla nokuthuthuka kwaso, kuncike kolunye ucwaningo olwenziwa ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi.

Isigaba sokuzalwa nesentsana

Ebizwa nge- "platón", lawa ngokuvamile abuthakathaka futhi amandla amaningi agxila ekukhuleni okufanayo, ukuze kuzuzwe iziqu nezimpande ezijiyile ekujuleni okukhulu. Kulesi sigaba emjikelezweni wokuphila kwesihlahla, amangqamuzana amaningi asebenza ukuvikela isiqu futhi asize ukuhambisa amanzi asuka enhlabathini aye kuso sonke isitshalo.

• Kuyabonakala ukuthi ikhiqiza kanjani nge-shaft eqondile nencazelo.
• Ezinye izihlahla zidinga ukuxhaswa noma ukuxhaswa ukuze zikhule ziqonde.

Intsha nokwandiswa

Lapho isihlahla sisencane, siqala ukwehlisa ukukhula kwaso ukuze sinike amandla amandla eminye imisebenzi. Ukubukeka kwaso kufana nesihlahla esidala, yize sincane futhi singenawo amandla okuzala.

• Inikezwe ngokujwayelekile inikezwa kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu. Lokhu kunokutholakala okuchazwe kakhudlwana, njengoba nje kungadingi kusekelwa noma ukusekelwa ukuze kuzinze.
• Ngokufanayo, umuthi kufanele uthenwe phakathi nengxenye ukuphakama kwawo ukuze ususe amaswidi noma amagatsha awubolisayo.
• Kulesi sigaba esifanayo, umuthi uzoqala isigaba sawo "sokukhuluphalisa", lapho umqhele wenziwa ngamagatsha namahlamvu.

Ukuvuthwa

Izimpande zesihlahla zifinyelela ekujuleni okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukumuncwa kwamanzi nezakhi zomzimba kwenzeka ngokwemvelo futhi akudingeki ukunakekelwa okunamandla uma kwenzeka kuhlwelwa kabusha amahlathi. Kodwa-ke, abatshali bavame ukunisela basebenzise omanyolo ngaphambi kokuqala kwalesi sigaba ukuze kusheshiswe le nqubo "yokwenziwa kwemvelo".

Isihlahla sithathwa njengesisesikhathini sokuvuthwa lapho sikwazi ukukhiqiza imbewu nempova ukuze sikwazi ukuzala kahle. Ngakho-ke, amandla amaningi aqukethwe kuzo asetshenziselwa ukuzala.

Ukuzala

Imithi ingazala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, yize iningi likwenza lokho ngembewu. Lezi zinhlamvu zakhiwa ngezimbali zezinsikazi, ezifakwa impova ngomphumela womoya noma izinambuzane, ezithwala amaseli ezimbali zesilisa. Yize izimbali nazo zingaba yi-hermaphroditic.

Uma kwenzeka ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesihlahla ngezimbewuBayakwazi ukufinyelela emhlabathini ngosizo lomoya noma izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane; lapho imbewu ingahluma futhi ithuthuke uma izimo zilungile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokukhiqiza kabusha, leyo yama-rhizomes noma izimpande kanye neyezinto zokuxhunyelelwa noma zokusika. Uhlobo lokuqala lokuzala lubhekisa kumahlumela noma amaswidi anikezwa izimpande ezizogcina ziba izihlahla; kuyilapho ama-graft eyizinto zokukhiqiza ezilawulwa ngabantu ukuze bathole izihlahla abazidingayo ukuhweba.

Le yinqubo yokuphila kwesihlahla esigabeni ngasinye, ngakho-ke siyethemba ukuthi imininingwane oyinikeziwe ikuthande. Yabelana ngalo kumanethiwekhi ukusabalalisa lolu lwazi phakathi kwabangani bakho.