Izitshalo ziyizinto eziphilayo ze-photosynthetic, ezikwaziyo ukuzenzela ukudla kwazo. Azinawo amandla we-locomotive futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, izindonga zazo zeseli zakhiwa kakhulu yi-cellulose.
Umjikelezo wokuphila wezitshalo unesithakazelo esikhulu, ngoba ziyizinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisizungezile futhi ngokuvamile asicabangi ukuthi zikhula kanjani; ngokungafani nesikole, ngoba lesi yisihloko esivame ukubonwa kusayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ungazi ukuthi izigaba zabo zokuphila zinjani, kulokhu okuthunyelwe uzothola imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi.
Izitshalo zibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, kodwa nakwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo njengabantu; ngoba lokhu akugcini ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla nokuhlanza umoya, kepha kuyasetshenziswa nasemafemini (izinkuni, iphepha, phakathi kwabanye) nasekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa.
Izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo
Umjikelezo wayo wokuphila uthathwa njengowohlobo sibhabhi futhi linezigaba ezine, ngasinye sihlukaniswa ngezici nemisebenzi yaso; ngendlela efanayo ukuthi kungaba ngesinye isidalwa esifana nomuntu, okungukuthi, lesi sitshalo sidlula kuso ukuzalwa, ukukhula, ukuzala kanye nokufa; kuphela lapho selizalile, indlela imbewu ehlakazeka ngayo ingahluka.
Tshala imbewu
Izitshalo ezizala kabusha ziqala umjikelezo wazo nembewu, lapho zikwazi khona ukuhluma futhi zikhule uma izimo zivuma; isizathu sokuthi ngokuya ngohlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo, kuzoba nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuzisonta. Lezi zinhlamvu ziqukethe umbungu wesitshalo.
Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuzama udali, ubhontshisi, i-garrofon noma isitshalo osifunayo, indlela engcono yokukwenza ukuthola isitsha esisobala, lapho kufanele ubeke khona iphepha noma ukotini omanzi nembewu. Umqondo ukugcina ukotini noma iphepha limanzi futhi ubone ukuthi lo mjikelezo uhamba kanjani.
Ukuhluma
Imbewu yake yaba sendaweni lapho izimo zidingeka khona ekuzalweni kwayo, isigaba sokuhluma siqala. Lezi zinto eziyisisekelo zilula, amanzi nokushisa, lapho isitshalo ngasinye sihlukile kepha kulingo olungenhla luzokwanela.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, i-radicle yokuqala izophuma enzalweni, ezokhula futhi ikhule, ithathe ukubonakala okufana nempande efanayo; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzophuma ungqimba olungaphandle lwembewu.
Endabeni yokuba yimbewu ama-dicotyledons, ungqimba olungaphandle luyathamba ukumunca umswakama futhi uma selutshaliwe, luyahlukana; ngenkathi i- monocot azihlukanisi, kepha zigcinwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo.
Ukuthuthukiswa
Isithombo
Kanye isitshalo siqala ukukhulaIsigaba saso esincane kunazo zonke sibizwa ngokuthi "isithombo", lapho ama-cotyledons (amaqabunga amakhulu) azobe evulekile futhi i-plumule izokhula, okuzovumela ukukhula kwamaqabunga ayo okuqala.
Ukukhula
Isinyathelo esilandelayo esivivinyweni ukusikhipha esitsheni bese usidlulisela emhlabathini, ngoba ama-cotyledon ekugcineni awile futhi isitshalo sidinga ukuqhubeka sikhula; ngoba bachitha impilo yabo yonke bekhula, yingakho kumele basikwe ngezikhathi ezithile, kuya ngohlobo.
Kulokhu isiteji sesigaba somjikelezo wempilo, badinga ukuqala ukukhiqiza ukudla kwabo ukuze baqhubeke nokukhula, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis nokuthi ikhono lokwenza kanjalo litholakala uma amaqabunga okuqala ebonakala.
I-photosynthesis yaziwa njengenqubo yamakhemikhali lapho izitshalo zinamandla okuguqula izinto ezingaphili zibe izinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yamandla avela elangeni. Lokhu kungenxa ye-chlorophyll (i-pigment eluhlaza emaqabunga naseziqu).
Njengoba isitshalo sikhula sibheke phezulu, izimpande ziyaqhubeka ukwehla, ngoba kudingeka zingene zingene zingene emhlabathini ukuze zimunce izakhi namanzi akuyo.
Ukuzala
Izitshalo zingazala kabusha ngokocansi nangaphandle, okusho ukuthi kuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo, kuzoba nenqubo ehlukile yokuzala. I- izitshalo ezizalwa ngembewu zala kabusha ngokocansi; kuyilapho ama -exexual engamadololthi akhishwa yisitshalo esingumama.
Lezo zokukhiqiza ngokocansi ziyakwazi ukuzala ngale mbali ngoba inabo bobabili ubulili, okuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwempova ne-ovary. Inhloso ukuthi eyokuqala ifinyelele kweyesibili, into etholakala ngezinyoni eziphethe impova yezimbali, lapho zikhangwa iphunga nombala okhiqizwa yimpova efanayo.
Lapho ama-ovules evundiswa aba yimbewu ukuthi ngandlela thile noma enye ifinyelela emhlabathini noma emhlabeni (imvamisa yizilwane, umoya noma abantu) futhi uma bethola izimo ezifanele kuwo, ziqala ukuhluma futhi ngalo mjikelezo uziphinda futhi.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-asexual kufanele futhi kuqokonyiswe, ngoba lolu hlobo lulandela inqubo yokuzala ngokuhlukile komunye umjikelezo wokuphila wezitshalo. Lezi zikwazi ukukhula zikhule zibonga ezitokisini ezikhishwa ngumama, ngoba amadodakazi azalelwa ekugcineni kwalezi. Kamuva izimpande zikwazi ukungena enhlabathini bese ziqala ukukhula ngokuzimela.
Lokhu bekungumjikelezo ngezigaba zempilo yesitshalo, okuthi noma zihluka ekukhiqizweni kwazo, ezinye izigaba ziyefana. Zithathwa njengezidalwa ngoba zinomsebenzi ngaphambi kokufa, ngoba ziyazalwa, zikhuliswe futhi zikhule, zizale futhi kamuva zife, ngasinye esikhathini esihlukile.