Igxile ezweni eligcwele izincazelo ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali, isidingo sokwazi umqondo ngamunye ohilela into noma into ethile senzeka kaningi, mhlawumbe yisimo somuntu okufanele aqambe konke akubonayo, akuzwayo noma akucabangayo.
Ngalo mqondo, igama elithi umlando lihlanganisa izincazelo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngemibandela elichazayo nezici ezinomthelela ezahlukahlukene ezinquma ukuphela kwemiqondo enikezwe igama elilodwa. Namuhla, besifuna ukwenza ubakaki ku-polysemy yomlando nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukile.
Kusho ukuthini i-polysemy?
Ekubolokeni kwe-etymological kwaleli gama, sithola ukuthi, "i-poly" isho okuningi, kanti "semia" isho okufanayo ngesiGreki; kungaleso sikhathi lapho i-polysemy kuyizincazelo ezahlukahlukene ezingabangelwa umqondo noma amagama.
Ngakho-ke a izwi elinezimfanelo ze-polysemic, Inezincazelo eziningi nendlela eyodwa yokubhala
Uyini umlando?
Umlando ufaka izinkathi ezahlukahlukene zobukhona ezihlelwe njengesiyalo noma isayensi, inhloso yayo enkulu ukutadisha imicimbi eyedlule ebandakanya ubuntu.
Kubandakanya nokubhekiswa kokuxhumana okubhaliwe kuze kube manje.
Umlando uxhunyaniswe nefilosofi yokuba, wenjabulo yokuphenya nokuqonda izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuziphendukela kwesintu ngokwesisekelo sobuhle.
Abanye bathola i- umqondo womlando njengecebo lokuqonda imigqa yesikhathi eyakha umphakathi futhi inqume izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha nezimfundiso.
Isibonelo, ekubukeni kwemibuzo ekhona mayelana nemvelaphi yendalo, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukuphenya umlando nokufinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi noma kunjalo kuba yisizathu sokuba khona.
Yini i-polysemy yendaba?
Siyazi, ngakho-ke, yi-polysemy yomlando we imiqondo eminingi igama lomlando elingaba nayo. Bonke bakhuliswe ngaphansi kwelensi ebucayi futhi engacabangi ehlaziya igama ngokuya ngokuhlangenwe nakho uhlelo lwezinzwa olunalo, okungukuthi, ubuchopho bethola inkuthazo enezakhi zangaphandle ukunikeza incazelo yamagama angaba nezincazelo ezahlukahlukene, kulokhu , igama elithi umlando.
Likhulunywa nini iqiniso emlandweni?
IPolysemy impela ngoba kuyinto yokuhumusha okuningi, kwesinye isikhathi ayinakho ukuphikisana. Kwanele ukukhuliswa nokuziphatha ngokwanele ukuze sikwazi ukwenza imininingwane ethile eyiqiniso yomlando.
Ngezansi uzobona izincazelo ezahlukahlukene ezingathwalwa yindaba ye-polysemy ngokuya ngendawo noma umkhakha obandakanyeka kuwo.
1. Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi nobuntu
Kusuka ezincwadini
Fundisisa imisebenzi ebhalwe ku isikhathi esithile kungakhathalekile ukuthi kwakungaphezulu kobuntu noma cha. Okuqukethwe umsebenzi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlaziywa kohlelo lolimi.
Ngakho-ke izigaba ezahlukahlukene zemibhalo kanye nomthelela wazo ezimweni zokuziphatha zomuntu kungachazwa ngqo.
Natural
Amagatsha amaningi esayensi ahlanganisa le ncazelo, kokubili i-biology, i-zoology, i-botany, i-hydrography, i-biochemistry, i-ecology, i-astronomy kanye nezinye izayensi ezifunda impilo yezinto zemvelo, ngisho ne-physics uqobo lwayo luwela kulesi sigaba.
Universal
Kusukela ku-Big Bang noma ekudalweni kwe-Universe ezinsukwini eziyi-7, kuya kumasekhondi ebesifunda le ndatshana. Lolu hlobo lomlando lufaka phakathi zonke izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezibandakanya ngqo umuntu namasiko akhe.
Ezenkolo
Izinganekwane, ama-shamanic, ezomoya, imikhuba yenkolo nakho konke okuphathelene namandla angokomoya okuba khona. Kanye namasiko ahlukahlukene athinta isiyalo.
I-Antigua
Kuyinto isigaba phakathi komlando wokuqala kanye neNkathi Ephakathi, kungukufunda ngemiphakathi yasendulo eyayihlanganisa le nkathi yomlando. Ukusungulwa kwe-calligraphy, imvelaphi yohulumeni bokuqala nemithetho, nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kwamadolobha.
Kwezobuciko
Yinhle ngokwedlulele, ifaka zonke izinqubo zobuhle ezakhiwe ngumuntu; funda zonke izikhathi zobuciko ngaphansi kwelensi yobuhle. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukubaza, izincwadi, umculo, ukudweba, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, nobunye ubuciko kwakha umqondo womlando wobuciko.
Kulolu cwaningo, umuntu ubhekwa njengofilosofi onekhono futhi okwaziyo ukudala imibono engaqondakali nokukwazi ukuyidlulisela ezingxenyeni zangaphandle ngalezi zindlela.
Umlando wokuklanywa kwemidwebo, inguquko yezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kweposta, umlando we-cinema, izithombe, i-avant-garde neminye imikhakha yangaleso sikhathi ifakiwe ngaphakathi komlando wobuciko.
Ubuhlakani
Le ndaba igcizelela ikakhulukazi ongqondongqondo basendulo abanjengo-Aristotle, uPlato, uGalileo, uSocrates noma uPythagoras. Kubandakanya nabacwaningi besayensi abanjengoNewton, uCopernicus, uLeonardo Da Vinci, uBenjamin Franklin, uLouis Pasteur, uNikola Tesla, u-Albert Einstein noma uStephen Hawking.
Umtholampilo
Leli gama liyiwo wonke amadatha nokuphikiswa kwesiguli, ngokusho kwamagama ezokwelapha achaza ukungezwani okuthile, ukuxilongwa kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlola olwenziwe kumuntu.
Njengesichazamazwi samanye amagama
Akuhlali kunencazelo eyinkimbinkimbi ehambisana nakho, njengesichazamazwi seminye imiqondo esingayithola ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
Umlando-owedlule
Ngolimi oluhlangene lokhu kuyaziwa igama elihlobene nesikhathi esedlule ukubhekisa kumcimbi osuvele wenzekile, isibonelo, “okwethu sekudlulile”, kufaka phakathi nezimpawu zokufanisa ngaphakathi kwezisho zomlomo noma zombhalo.
Ukulandisa kwendaba
Njengohlobo lwemibhalo, le ndaba ingatshelwa njengelandisayo, isibonelo: “Kwake kwenzeka, indaba kaPedro, lowomfana othandekayo nothule owayethanda ukuhamba ezindleleni zehlathi…”.
Umlando-iqiniso
Lesi sici sibalwa njengomcimbi oya ngqo emcimbini wabantu ababili, isibonelo: “yindaba endala efanayo”, “Nginendaba okufanele ngikutshele yona”.
Izaba zomlando
Futhi ngamagama ajwayelekile, le nkulumo isetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kumuntu ohlale enempendulo yokubalekela izibopho zakhe, isibonelo: “futhi wena onendaba efanayo”, “misa izindaba”, “ungezi nezindaba”.
Indaba yothando
Futhi kusetshenziswe ngamagama ahlanganisiwe ukubhekisa ebudlelwaneni obuyimfihlo phakathi kwabantu ababili, isibonelo: "iyiphi indaba enhle abazifake kuyo", "leyo yindaba ehlukile".