Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier ana daukar sa a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro ilmin sunadarai na zamani, don karatun sa da kuma gudummawar da har zuwa yau suna da amfani ga kimiyya, kamar karatun sa a kan hotuna, konewa, dokar kiyaye adadi, ka'idar kalori, numfashin dabbobi a tsakanin wasu da yawa.
Ya kasance masanin ilimin kimiyyar kimiyyar halittu sannan kuma shahararren masanin tattalin arziki na Faransa a lokacinsa, wanda da farko ya fara karatun digiri na lauya, daga baya ya sami sha'awar sa a ilimin kimiyyar halitta, wadanda sune suka sa aka san shi, a matsayin mai gabatar da ilimin kimiyyar. Zamani.
Ya sami ra'ayoyi da yawa daga cikinsu wanda kogin wata mai suna Lavoisier, wanda ke ɗauke da sunansa a cikin bikin tunawa, da kuma tauraron dan adam na 6826 wanda shi ma ke ɗauke da sunansa, kuma wannan yana bayyana a cikin sunaye 72 na masana kimiyya a cikin shahararriyar Eiffel Tower.
Yana da wallafe-wallafe masu mahimmanci da yawa kamar hanyar hanyar tantance sunadarai a shekara ta 1787, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin sabuwar hanyar nomenclature, saboda babbar gudummawar da take bayarwa.
Hakanan ya canza hanyar tunanin wasu abubuwa a cikin al'amuran sunadarai, kamar ruwa, wanda kowa yayi tsammanin sinadari ne, amma ya nuna cewa mahadi ne.
Tarihin rayuwar Antoine Lavoisier
Kafin sanin menene mafi mahimmancin gudummawar Lavoisier, ya zama dole a sami ra'ayi game da yadda ya same su, wanda ya rayu kuma daga bisani ya jagorance shi ta wannan hanyar.
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier, wanda aka haifa a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1743 a Faris / Faransa, an dauke shi a matsayin wanda ya kirkiri ilmin sunadarai na zamani, saboda ya karfafa shi, saboda wannan an dauke shi daya daga cikin wadanda ke da hannu a juyin juya halin kimiyya, da kuma manyan abubuwan da ya samu .
Tun yana matashi dan shekara 11 ya fara karatu a makarantar sakandare, Kwalejin kasashe hudu, a shekarar 1754, kasancewarta daya daga cikin daliban da suka kware a fannin kimiyyar halitta, saboda kyaututtukan da yake da su, amma a lokaci guda kuma ya karanci aikin lauya, tunda mahaifinsa babban lauya ne na lokacin, kuma ya nemi hakan.
Yana dan shekara 28 ya yanke shawarar aurar da Miss Marie Ann Pierrette Paulze, diyar wani muhimmin maigidan mai mallakar ferme genérale, wanda ya kasance rangwame na gwamnati don karbar haraji, wanda Lavoisier ke aiki a ciki, wannan ya kasance a shekarar 1771.
Ya rike mukamai masu matukar mahimmanci a tsawon rayuwarsa, ya kasance memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya a 1768, darektan jihar na ayyukan kirkirar bindiga a 1776, a cikin 1789 yana cikin kwamitin da ya kafa tsarin bai daya na nauyi. kuma a cikin 1791 ya kasance kwamishinan baitul mali, wanda hakan ya sa shi kokarin gabatar da wasu gyare-gyare ga tsarin kudi da na haraji na Paris, da kuma hanyoyin samar da kayan gona.
A shekara ta 1793 a matsayinsa na kwamishinan baitul mali, ya yi aikin tattara gudummawa, don haka gwamnati mai ci yanzu ta yanke shawarar cafke shi, a lokaci guda, duk makusantansa sun yi kokarin taimaka masa ta hanyar nuna irin gudummawar da suka bayar a duk tsawon lokacin aikinsa, amma dokar ba ta yi aiki ba.ya iya dakatar da mu'amalarsa da wani masanin kimiyya, don haka a shekara mai zuwa 1794, an yanke masa hukuncin daurin talala, yana mutuwa an sare kansa a gaban gwamnati.
A cikin 1795 wata sabuwar gwamnatin Faransa ta bayyana, wanda bayan wasu bincike ya gano cewa an kashe Antoine Lavoisier, bayan yanke hukuncin karya gaba daya, wanda suka aikawa bazawara Marie Ann a yanzu wasikar bayanin abin da ya faru.
Mafi mahimmancin gudummawar Lavoisier
Lavoisier babban masanin ilimin kimiyyar halittu ne a zamaninsa, har ma daya daga cikin mafiya dacewa dangane da binciken sinadarai, wanda yake da gudummawar da ya canza hanyar tunanin masana kimiyya da yawa, cewa har yau bincikensa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga cigaban wannan kimiyya .
Daga cikin gudummawar da suka dace da Antoine Laurent Lavoisier sune:
Dokar Lomonosov-Lavoisier
Wanda aka fi sani da dokar kiyaye adadi, ɗayan mahimman mahimman dokoki waɗanda aka taɓa gano don ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, wanda Mr Mikhail Lomonosov yayi cikakken bayani akan shi a cikin 1748 sannan Antoine Lavoisier ya kammala shi a 1785.
Yawan adadin masu sakewa daidai yake da na abin da aka samo daga samfuran, wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin yanayin sinadaran yau da kullun ɗin ɗin ya kasance mai ɗorewa, don haka ba ya canzawa, tare da ɗan togiya tare da halayen nukiliya wanda yawancinsa yawanci kadan ne gyaggyara
Ka'idar konewa
Konewa na daga cikin manyan matsalolin ilmin sunadarai a wancan lokacin, saboda an yi amannar cewa a lokacin da konewa, abubuwan da ke cikin su suka fitar da likitan likitancin, wanda Lavoisier tare da bincike mai wahala game da su, ya fahimci cewa mafi mahimmin abu ga lokacin yin konewar shi iska, wanda ya kasance mahaɗan gas biyu, oxygen da hydrogen.
Masu goyon bayan ka'idar phlogiston sun yi amannar cewa ta hanyar kirkiri karfe, ya samu nauyi mafi girma, saboda sun samu phlogiston a cikinsu, amma Lavoisier ya tabbatar da akasin haka ta hanyar dumama wani karfe a cikin akwati da aka rufe, yana auna shi kafin da bayan aikin.
Numfashin dabbobi
Wannan na ɗaya daga cikin gudummawar Lavoisier wanda ya haifar da rikici tsakanin masana kimiyya, saboda ya ba da shawarar cewa iskar da aka shaƙa ta ƙone a cikin huhu sannan kuma a bar ta a matsayin iskar carbon dioxide, ba da baki ba shakka.
Don tabbatar da hakan, sai ya kulle wata alade a cikin wani akwati mai dauke da iskar oxygen, sannan ya fara auna yawan iskar oxygen din da ta sha, da kuma yawan iskar carbon dioxide da ta samar. Wannan binciken yana da mahimmanci ga nazarin alakar tsirrai da dabbobi, sannan kuma don tantance adadin iskar oxygen da aka cinye a cikin motsa jiki, kuma a cikin hutu.
Ka'idar caloric
Tare da zurfin bincike wanda ya haifar da gwaje-gwajen konewa da Lavoisier ya yi, ya kuma yiwu a lura da kasancewar ƙwayoyin caloric a lokacin aiwatar da su, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka ƙaddara cewa ko da aikin numfashi zafi ne- mai samar da wakili.
Sannan ya tabbatar da cewa duk wani abu mai alaƙa da zafi ba shi da wani tasiri a cikin nauyi ko nauyinsa, ana iya lura da wannan yayin kunna ashana kuma a fahimci cewa babu wani canji a ciki, bayan an kunna.
Ruwa a matsayin mahadi
Kafin Lavoisier ya ƙaddara cewa ruwa mahaɗan ne tsakanin hydrogen da oxygen, an yi amannar cewa ruwa abu ne, saboda ba a gudanar da binciken da ake buƙata a kansa ba, don haka yana tabbatar da cewa ya ƙunshi 85% na oxygen kuma 15% ne kawai hydrogen.
Wannan gudummawar da Lavoisier ya bayar ya canza yadda ake ganin ruwa gaba ɗaya, tunda a da an yi imanin cewa abu ne mai sauƙi, don haka ya nuna cewa sun ƙunshi biyu daga waɗannan.
Taimakawa ga hotuna hotuna
Godiya ga karatun sa na konewa, an tabbatar da cewa iskar oxygen a cikin abinci ya samar da iska ingantacciya wacce aka fi sani da carbon dioxide, wanda shine sinadarin da tsirrai ke amfani dashi don aiwatar da aikin numfashin su, wannan daga shekarar 1772.
Littafin sunadarai na farko
Shi ne marubucin littafin ilimin sunadarai na farko, yana bayyana a cikin aikinsa duk abin da ya shafi wannan kimiyya, mafi yawan bayanai da suka fi dacewa, gwaje-gwajen da tasirinsu, nomenclatures na abubuwa, abubuwan da suka ƙunsa, tsakanin sauran abubuwa da yawa.
Tebur na zamani na ilmin sunadarai
Lavoisier ya kirkiro jerin abubuwa da kuma yadda aka hada su, don haka ya samar da ilmin sunadarai na zamani, saboda duk bayanan da suka bayar ga kwayoyin halitta, ya ayyana su a matsayin wasu abubuwa wadanda baza'a iya rugu dasu ba, wadannan sune mafi mahimmanci.
Wannan gudummawar daga Lavoisier ana ci gaba da amfani da ita a yau, har ma ana koyarwa a makarantu, don ɗalibai su sami sauƙin sarrafa abin da ilmin sunadarai ya ƙunsa.
Tsarin awo
Ina aiki tare da masana lissafi da yawa, wadanda suka haifar da tsarin awo, a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Faransa, wacce ta samu damar yin rikodin daidaito dangane da ma'auni a duk yankunan Faransa, wanda daga baya ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya.
Akwai gudummawa da yawa daga Lavoisier, dukkansu suna da mahimmanci kuma masu dacewa da tarihin kimiyya da kuma nazarin yanayi, duk waɗannan ya samu ne albarkacin babbar baiwarsa ta ilimi da kuma aiki tuƙuru a tsawon rayuwarsa.
Ya sami nasarar canza duniyar ilmin sunadarai zuwa mataki cewa hanyoyin sa, waɗanda sun fi shekaru 100, har yanzu ana amfani da su a yau.
KWAI