Akwai mummunar dabi'a ta tunani cewa, a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ko ƙasashen duniya na farko, su ne kawai wuraren da kowane irin ci gaba ko ci gaba ke faruwa dangane da ƙirƙirawa. Koyaya, ba haka lamarin yake ba, a yankuna da yawa na Latin Amurka akwai abubuwan da suka faru ko yanayi ba kawai abubuwan tarihin da suka taimaka kawai ga wasu canje-canje ba, amma kuma asalin manyan mutane ne waɗanda, tare da karatunsu na ilimi da aikace-aikacen aminci a cikin ilmantarwa, sun ba da gudummawa kuma sun yi tasiri ga ci gaba da sababbin karatu da binciken.
Waɗannan samfuran da suka wuce lokaci suna matsayin tushen sabon bincike ko sabbin gudummawa da sabbin ƙarni zasu haɓaka. Wannan batun Mexico ne, wanda yake da ƙungiyar masana kimiyya wanda watakila ba ta karɓar yabo sosai ba, amma tana karɓar karramawa a ƙwarewar fasaha, saboda goyan bayan ƙasashen duniya da ke da hankali da sha'awar abubuwan da suka cimma.
Wanne masanin kimiyya na Meziko ya fice?
Ga jerin manyan mahimman masana kimiyyar Mexico dangane da tasiri da gudummawar su:
Mario Molina
Farawa daga ɗayan na yanzu, Mario Molina Henriquez Yana daya daga cikin manyan masanan Mexico wannan lokacin. An haifeshi ne a garin Mexico City a ranar 19 ga Maris, 1943. Ya halarci shekarun farko na karatun ilimi a Mexico, sannan yana da shekara 11 aka tura shi karatu Switzerland, wannan saboda sun dauki harshen Jamusanci a matsayin wani bangare na mahimmancin fasaha filin da ci gaban sa.
Bayan dawowarsa, yayi karatu a UNAM kuma ya kammala a matsayin Injiniyan Injiniya. A shekarar 1972 ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai da Kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami’ar Berkeley. Kuma a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1974, ya buga wata kasida a cikin mujallar Nature, tare da Sherry Rowland, kan bazuwar da CFCs suka yi a cikin Ozone Layer.
Kusan shekaru 20 suna ƙoƙari su ɓata ra'ayinsa, kamar sauran masana kimiyya, amma a ƙarshe, sakamakon ya kasance cikin nasa kuma kamar yadda ake tsammani, sun nuna cewa yana da gaskiya, don haka zuwa Oktoba 11, 1995 ya kasance ya ba da kyautar Nobel a Chemistry tare da Rowland da Paul Crutzen.
A yau, gano shi ya haifar da sanya batutuwa daban-daban a cikin waɗanda ke da manyan fifiko kan ajandar ayyukan manyan ƙasashe; Wadannan sun hada da canjin yanayi, lafiyar duniya da tasirin ta ga dan adam.
Waɗannan ra'ayoyi ne waɗanda ke da tasirin gaske a yau kuma saboda wannan, Dokta Molina ɗayan ɗayan mafiya tasiri ne a fagen kimiyya da zamantakewa; ana la'akari da shi kamar yadda muka riga muka faɗi, ɗayan mafi kyawun masanan Mexico kuma an ɗauki maɓalli da mahimmanci a cikin tunanin ci gaba da rayuwar ɗan adam.
Carmen Victoria Felix Chaidez
An haifeshi a Sinaloa. Yana dan shekara 17 ya halarci taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka gudanar a Houston, Amurka; matakin da zai kai ta ga zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar Meziko a yau.
Ya karanci ilimin lantarki da kere-kere (IEC) a Cibiyar Fasaha da Karatu ta Monterrey, Monterrey Campus, inda shi ma ya tsunduma cikin wasu ayyukan kamar su kungiyoyi da taro. Ya kamata a lura cewa tana da kyakkyawar shiri har ta zama malami a makarantun firamare da sakandare kan batun.
A ƙarshen aikinsa, ya shiga AT&T da Texas Instruments; daga baya ya shiga Jami'ar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya (ISU), wanda aka gudanar da aikin horon a NASA Ames, a sashen ƙaramin tauraron ɗan adam. Hakanan ta kasance cikin tattaunawar Tattaunawa don ƙirƙirar Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Mexico (AEM).
A lokacinsa a NASA Ames ya kasance mai kula da gwada yiwuwar amfani da samfuran kasuwanci don aiwatarwa a gina ƙananan tauraron dan adam, don rage farashin. Don yin wannan, yayi amfani da wayoyin Google Nexus kuma yayi aiki tare tare da injiniyoyi masu haɓaka kamfanin da masu binciken NASA.
Bayan dawowarsa Mexico, bayan shekara daya da yin hadin gwiwa da NASA, ya yi aiki tare da shuwagabannin hukumar kula da sararin samaniya ta Amurka, don haka, a shekarar 2012, samarin Mexico daga jihohi daban-daban na kasar sun sami damar yin irin wannan zaman.
Manuel Sandoval Vallarta
An haife shi ne a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1899, kasancewar sa memba na dangi wanda ake kira burgesois a cikin garin Mexico. Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya hana shi shiga Jami'ar Cambridge yana ɗan shekara 16. A 18 ya yi tafiya zuwa Boston don karatu a MIT, ya sami digiri na farko a Injin Injin a cikin 1921.
Sannan ya sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin lissafi yana da shekaru 25 a wannan makarantar. A cikin 1927, Sandoval ya sami tallafin karatu daga Gidauniyar Guggenheim wanda ya ba shi damar karatun Physics a karkashin kulawar Albert Einstein, Max Plank, Erwin Shrödinger, Max von Laue, da Hans Reichenbach. Wannan taron ya sa marubucin ya ƙulla abota da Einstein, wanda yake matukar girmama shi.
A karshen zaman sa ya kuma hadu da Heisenberg kuma sun hada kai da shi a binciken sa na kwanan nan. Ya koma MIT a 1929 kuma daga nan ya zama cikakken abin tunani a cikin yankin Amurka don sani, fahimta da kushe Maƙeran keɓaɓɓu. A can, ya kasance babban malami ga ƙwararrun masanan nan gaba kamar su Nathan Rosen, Richard Feynmann da Luis Walter Álvarez.
Mafi yawan bincikensa ya ta'allaka ne da hasken rana da kuma godiya a garesu, an zabi marubucin don Kyautar Nobel kuma an karrama shi a duk duniya saboda taimakawa wajen samar da kayan kwalliyar lissafi. Yana ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masana ilimin Mexico.
Saboda yakin duniya na biyu, binciken da aka yi a MIT ya ta'allaka ne kan dalilai na soji, shi ya sa ya zabi matsawa zuwa Meziko akai-akai, saboda goron gayyatar Shugaba Manuel Ávila Camacho.
Aikinsa yana da matukar tasiri ga ci gaban Manhattan Project (da nufin ƙirƙirar Atomic Bomb), a cikin lura da Duniya daga mahangar lissafi ta zahiri da kuma yaɗa gwaji a cikin Cosmos. A ƙarshe, Dr. Sandoval ya mutu a cikin garin Mexico a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1977.
Luis Ernest Miramontes
An haifi Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas a cikin garin Tepic, Nayarit, a ranar 22 ga Maris, 1925. Horon karatun sa ya gudana ne a makarantar sakandare a cikin garin Mexico City, kuma karatun da aka gudanar a Injin Injiniya a UNAM. Zuwa shekarar 1950 ya riga ya fara aiki a dakin gwaje-gwajen na Syntex, wanda hadafin sa shine samar da sinadarin roba a wancan wurin kuma ya sami damar aiki tare da Carl Djerassi da Jorge Rosenkranz a bincike daban-daban na Chemistry na Organic.
A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1951, 26, yana ɗan shekara XNUMX kawai, Miramontes ya kasance ɗayan mashahuran masanan Mexico kuma yana sarrafa hadawar norethisterone, ginshikin maganin hana daukar ciki. Kirkirar sa ta kama nan take, ana dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan kirkire na shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin Hall of Fame of Inventors a tarihi, tare da Pasteur, da Wright brothers, Thomas Edison da Alexander Bell., kasancewar ni ɗan Mexico kawai.
Zuwa shekarar 2004, kirkirar aikinsa ya kasance na 2005 mafi mahimmanci a tarihi saboda tasirin fasaha da zamantakewar da yake da shi, kuma a cikin XNUMX, an kira norethisterone a matsayin mafi mahimmancin gudummawar ilimin kimiyya na Mexico na karni na XNUMX ta Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Mexico. Ya kamata a lura cewa an san shi ko saninsa don haifar da juyin juya halin jima'i tare da ƙirƙirarsa.
Yana da dangi wanda ya kunshi yara 10. Baya ga babbar nasarar da ya samu, masanin kimiyyar Miramontes ya zama farfesa a Chemistry a UNAM, yana ci gaba da karatunsa tare da yin rajistar wasu takardun mallakar 40. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan Faculty of Chemistry na Jami'ar Ibero-Amurka da Daraktan Bincike na Asali na Cibiyar Man Fetur ta Mexico. Ya mutu a 2004 a Mexico City a ranar 13 ga Satumba.
Carlos de Singüenza da Góngora
An haifi Singüenza y Góngora a garin Mexico City a 1645, iyayenta sun kasance Mutanen Espanya. A samartakarsa ya fara karatun addini, amma an kore shi saboda rashin ɗabi'a mara da'a. A cikin lokaci ya kammala karatun sa daga Jami'ar Royal da Pontifical. Saboda tsananin lura da kwarewar muhalli, yasa aka nada shi ya kirkiro taswirar Hydrological na duk sabuwar Spain, wanda a wancan lokacin ya hada har zuwa Florida.
Ya jagoranci hakar rami a Teotihuacán a 1675, wanda shine sahun farko na kayan tarihi da aka fara a Mexico a lokacin mulkin mallaka.
Daya daga cikin gaskiyar da ta nuna shi a cikin fitattun masanan ilimin Mexico shine cewa a Amurka shi ne share fage na rarrabuwa da Taurari da Falaki, taron da ya sha suka sosai a cikin masana kimiyya, har ma a Turai. Koyaya, bai tsaya ya kiyaye matsayinsa ba; Arfafawa kuma ya gamsu da cewa yayi muhawara akan ka'idar har zuwa ƙarshe, bisa tushen kuma yayi jayayya da hujjoji masu wuya da lura.
Bugu da kari, shi ne mai kula da kwato duk wasu abubuwan da suka rage kafin Mexico da Columbian, amma mutuwarsa kwatsam a cikin 1700 ta katse daya daga cikin mahimman binciken binciken tarihin Mexico har zuwa wannan lokacin.
Guillermo gonzalez camarena
Guillermo González Camarena, wanda aka fi sani da ƙaramin baiwa a cikin masanan kimiyyar Mexico, an haife shi ne a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 1917 a Guadalajara, Jalisco. A cewar bayanan, tun yana yaro yana da sha'awar fasaha; Ta yadda har ya kasance yana da shekaru 12 ya iya gina nasa rediyon da kansa kuma a 15 kansa kyamarar talabijin. A wancan shekarun ya fado masa ne da samun talabijin mai launi don kar ya ganta ya zama mai gundura.
A cikin 1939 ya gabatar da babbar '' Field Sequential Trichromatic System ''. Inirƙirarwar ta haifar da babban fushi kuma lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 23 kawai ya sami izinin mallakar launi na talabijin a Mexico da Amurka, a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1940. Da shekara 29 ya sami damar ƙirƙirar tashar watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na gwaji a Mexico, fara yada talabijin a matsayin hanyar sadarwa da ilimantarwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙirƙirar ta na da tasiri sosai a matakin duniya, wanda ya haifar da sanannun kai tsaye. Jami'o'in kuma sun riga sun sami suna; taken Honoris Causa har ma da "Doctor of Science" (ya kamata a san cewa wannan taken ne da ba a bayar da shi ba a cikin fiye da rabin karni a Cibiyoyin Amurka). Ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1962, ya mallaki "Simplified Bicolor System", wanda shine tsarin telebijin a yanzu.
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, fitarwa da tasirin abubuwan da wannan marubucin ya kirkira nan take ya bazu ko'ina cikin duniya; inganta kimiya da ilimi, waɗanda a koyaushe suke tare a cikin ƙasa. A cikin sauri da kuma lokacin da aikinsa ke samun ci gaba mai girma wanda ke karuwa, ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan mafi kyawun masanan Mexico, ya mutu, saboda haɗarin mota a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1970 wanda ya ɗauki ransa.
Fernando Mier-Hicks ne adam wata
An haifeshi ne a garin Aguascalientes kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na fasahar Monterrey. Yana ɗan shekara 28 kawai, ba da daɗewa ba ya kammala karatu, likita ne na injiniyan sararin samaniya daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts. Ya kamata a lura cewa an aiwatar da na'urar kwaikwayo a cibiyar da aka fada don gwada yanayin da samfurin Nano da tauraron dan adam zai fuskanta a sararin samaniya.
Kafin shiga digiri, hadin gwiwar kafa kamfanin Tsarin Ayyuka, wanda ke tsara nasa wutar lantarki kuma zata saka ta farko a shekara mai zuwa.
Daga cikin nasarorin sa akwai kirkirar wani tsari na inji wanda zaiyi daidai da yanayi uku na wannan-duniyar: yanayin ba-hayaniya, yanayi (rashin iska), da kuma plasma sararin samaniya.
A wata hira da aka yi da mujallar Forbes, matashin masanin ya bayyana cewa yanayin rikice-rikicen sifili ya sanya kowane motsi, komai mintina, zai daɗe. Bugu da kari, tana iya samar da kananan karfi da yanayin waje ke samarwa ko iya sauya yanayin kwatancen ta, misali, mu'amala da hasken rana da tauraron dan adam.
Wannan kuma ya aiwatar da fahimtar wata ƙungiyar wacce, ta hanyar sake tsara yanayin sararin samaniya (rashin nauyi, ƙarancin rikici da yanayi tare da jini), an ba shi izinin gwada aikin kayan haɗin lantarki da tsarin turawa na wannan nau'in tauraron dan adam.
Har yanzu bai tabbata ba ko zai sadaukar da kansa don bincike ko shiga kasuwancin sararin samaniya, wanda yake tabbatacce, shi ne matsayinsa a cikin mafi kyawun masanan Mexico.