Matsalolin zamantakewa rikice-rikice ne ko rashin dacewar da ke shafar al'umma kai tsaye, wanda ya cancanci samun mafita wanda ya haɗa da haɗin gwiwar wanda abin ya shafa, har ma da wakilai irin su gwamnati, wanda ita ce ke sanya dokoki don kada irin wannan tashin hankalin ya kasance. .
Waɗannan suna nan a cikin duk ƙasashen duniya, tunda babu wanda ya keɓance daga gare su, kodayake an fi lura da kasancewar matsalolin zamantakewar al'umma a cikin al'ummomin Latin na sabuwar nahiyar, daga tsakiya zuwa ƙarshen kudancin Amurka.
Menene manyan matsalolin zamantakewar?
Yawaitar manyan laifuka, rashin cigaban al'umma ta fuskar gidaje, rashin abinci, rashin kyakkyawan tsarin gudanarwa na gwamnati wanda ke haifar da rashawa da rashin bin doka, karancin ilimi, da sauran su. manyan matsalolin zamantakewar da za'a iya samo su a duk cikin Latin Amurka.
Kodayake waɗannan sun fi shahara a wasu ƙasashe fiye da wasu, babu ɗayansu a cikin jerin. A yanzu haka akwai kasashen da suke da irin wadannan matsalolin wadanda har ma an sanya su a matsayin rikice-rikicen bil'adama, saboda mummunar amfani da dokoki da kuma mummunar tafiyar da gwamnatoci.
Ainihin matsalolin zamantakewar al'umma suna faruwa ne lokacin da yanki ko kuma yawan jama'ar ƙasa ba sa iya cimma abin da suke buƙata don rayuwarsu, haifar da wasu matsaloli, wadanda wadanda ke da alhakin samo mafita daga cikinsu sune gwamnati da jihar.
A zamanin yau, yawancin matsalolin zamantakewar da a da kamar ba su da wata illa sun karu, amma a cikin shekarun da suka gabata sun haɓaka zuwa matakan da a yau ba za a iya shawo kansu ba, kodayake wannan kuma ya sa ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa ɗaukar mataki a kansu, suna aiki tare da kamfen da ke ƙoƙari don fadakar da jama'a game da munin matsalolin.
Daga cikin manyan damuwa da manyan batutuwan da aka ambata sosai a cikin karni na XNUMX ana iya samun waɗannan masu zuwa:
Gurɓatarwa
A cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata an lura da wani gagarumin canji a cikin yanayin Duniya, wanda ya haifar da gurbatar mutum ga muhalli, haifar da mummunar matsala ga al'umma, a kusan kowace ma'ana, saboda yana shafar yankunan da al'ummomin ke rayuwa da zama tare, ƙasƙantar da su da kusan hana mutane zama a wuraren.
Tare da isowar kayan roba, an samu karuwar tabarbarewa a 'yan shekarun nan, saboda yadda mutane ba su waye da kyau kan illar da hakan ke haifarwa a doron kasa ba.
Wannan matsalar har ila yau ta haifar da ozone layer, wanda shine wanda ke da halaye masu dacewa don kare rayayyun halittu daga hasken ultraviolet da rana ke fitarwa, wadanda suke da matukar illa ga lafiyar halittun da ke rayuwa a duniya da ma baki daya .
A cikin kasashen Latin Amurka wannan matsalar an lura da ita da karfin gaske, saboda gaskiyar cewa ba a gudanar da kyakkyawar kulawa ta jihohi da gwamnatoci, wanda ke ba da damar zubar da almubazzarancin da yawan mutane ya haifar a wuraren da ba daidai ba, haddasa rasa yankuna da kuma yankunan gama gari na wani yanki.
Kodayake a wani yanki na duniya ana yaki da wannan babbar matsalar, a tsakiya da kudancin nahiyar ta Amurka, ba a dauki matakan da suka dace ba don hana gurbacewar, saboda ba a dauke ta da muhimmancin da ya kamata ba.
Talauci
An bayyana talauci a matsayin halin da mutum ko alumma baki daya zasu shiga dangane da yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar su, wanda suke ciki ba shi yiwuwa a sami wasu fa'idodi na asali, kamar kwandon abinci, wanda shine wanda ke samar da abincin da ke samar da adadin kuzari masu dacewa don ɗorewar rayuwa mai kyau.
Akwai talauci iri daban-daban, tunda a wasu lokuta rashin ilimi, ruwan sha, sutura, gida, tsakanin sauran buƙatun yau da kullun, ana iya lura da su.
Babban dalilan da suka sanya talauci ya kasance sakamakon keɓancewar jama'a ga wasu rukuni na mutane, hana su damar samun ayyukan da za su gamsar da su don samun rayuwa mai kyau.
A cikin ƙasashen Latin, an lura da haɓakar talauci a cikin recentan shekarun nan, saboda rashin kulawar gwamnatoci, waɗanda ba sa iya ƙirƙirar tsare-tsaren haɗin kai ko ayyuka masu kyau ga waɗannan mutane, kuma a wasu yanayi, Ee Suna yin hakan amma sun ƙare har sun bar aiki a tsakiya, tilasta mutane suyi aiki don ƙananan albashi wanda basa ganin fa'ida.
Talauci babbar matsala ce ta zamantakewar jama'a, tunda wasu suna da hannu a ciki, saboda rashin wasu kayayyakin masarufi ga wasu mutane na haifar da jin mugunta, saboda keɓewar al'umma.
Gidajen
Wannan matsalar ta faru ne ta wanda aka bayyana a sama, saboda mutane, ba su da fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi, sau da yawa yana da wuya ma su sayi abinci su rayu, don haka ba shi yiwuwa su sami gidan gida ga danginsu.
A wasu kasashen Latin tsarin an kirkiresu don samar da gidaje kyauta ga mutanen da suke bukatarsu, amma a lokuta da yawa sun kawo mummunan sakamako, saboda rashin tsari da tsarin gini.
Laifi
Wata matsalar zamantakewar da ke da matukar hadari wacce ke tafiya kafada da kafada da talauci, tunda mutane da yawa sun ga ba za su iya bai wa danginsu abubuwan da za su ci ba kamar abinci, sutura ko gida mai kyau, suna ba da damar mummunar tasirin su tafi da su aikata haramtattun ayyuka wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Akwai kasashen Latin Amurka inda ba a yin watsi da dokokin kwata-kwata, sannan kuma su kansu ‘yan kasar suna daukar su, suna hukunta masu laifi wadanda suka iya kamasu da kakkausar takunkumi, kasancewar sun zama koma baya ga al’umma, saboda ana daukar wadannan a matsayin ayyukan barna.
Wannan matsala ce ta zamantakewar da za a iya lura da shi a duk duniya, tun da ba kawai mutane da ke da ƙananan albarkatu ba ne ke aikata laifi, akwai kuma masu haɗama waɗanda ke son samun wadata ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi da sauƙi don abin da suke shirya manyan ɓarna zuwa manyan kamfanoni.
Laifi yana tattare da matsaloli kamar zalunci, kisan kai, fyade, zalunci, sakaci da duk wasu munanan ayyuka waɗanda dokokin ƙasa ke hukunta su.
Rashin aikin yi
Rashin samun damar aiki na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ga al'umma, don haka wannan yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin al'umma kuma yana iya haifar da aikata laifi, tun da ayyuka sune babban tushen samun kudin shiga na kowane iyali da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa.
Wannan matsala ce wacce ba a sami mafita a cikin ƙasashen Latin Amurka da yawa ba, har ma fiye da haka yanzu da yawan baƙi sun karu saboda matsalolin siyasa a ƙasashe da ke kusa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar jama'a da kuma samar da mafi yawan buƙatun neman ayyukan yi.
Hakanan an haɗa keɓancewa a cikin wannan, saboda wasu ɓangarorin al'umma sun gwammace kar su yarda da aikin wasu ɓangarorin da suke ganin na iya zama mara kyau, yana haifar musu da mummunan ra'ayi wanda a nan gaba zai iya shafar ta wata mummunar hanya.
Cin hanci da rashawa
Wannan wani yanki ne na laifi, saboda batun na siyasa ne ko na jihohi wadanda basa bin dokokin da suka kafa da kansu, daga cikinsu ana iya ganin cibiyoyi daga yankuna da yawa kamar 'yan siyasa, da kuma' yan sanda, suna da hannu a ciki.da sauransu.
An bayyana cin hanci da rashawa a matsayin aikin cin hanci da rashawa, wanda mutanen da ke kula da wani kamfani ko ƙasa, suke sarrafa shi kuma amfani da ikon da aka basu don cin riba ta haramtacciyar hanya.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an lura da shi a cikin kasashen Latin yadda cin hanci da rashawa ya ci gaba zuwa matakan wuce gona da iri, kodayake a irin wannan hanyar ne ta nemi yakarta, amma kamar aikata laifi da alama matsala ce ta zamantakewar da za a iya kawar da ita, tunda yawancin wadanda suke da su mukamai a jihar mutane ne masu mummunar manufa.
Mummunar Ilimi
A yawancin wadannan kasashe rashin ilimi Saboda yawancin matsalolin zamantakewar da aka gabatar a nan, saboda akwai iyalai waɗanda suka ga ya gagara biyan kuɗin ilimi mai kyau.
Kodayake a lokuta da dama an gwada cibiyoyin gwamnati, wanda duk mutane masu so ko kuma masu son su sami kyakkyawar ilimi, za su iya samunsa ba tare da wani kuduri na biya ba, an lura cewa saboda rashawa da aikata laifuka, a'a tana cin nasara a cikin hanya mai kyau.
Ba duk lamura bane suke da kyau ba, saboda akwai mutanen da suke son canji da gaske, kuma suka sadaukar da lokacin su dan inganta kansu, karatu da bada gudummawa ga al'umma, amma a zahiri wannan kaso yayi ƙasa sosai a cikin masu alamomin.
Ilimi mara kyau na iya haifar da matsalolin zamantakewar al'umma a nan gaba kamar aikata laifi, rashin aikin yi, talauci da sauransu, saboda yau kamfanoni suna da buƙata yayin ɗaukar aiki, don haka suke tambaya kamar yadda ake buƙata cewa ma'aikata suna da ƙarancin digiri na ilimi don su iya aiki.
Addini
Matsaloli galibi suna kawo ƙarin matsaloli, saboda haka rashin ilimi, rashin aikin yi, aikata laifi, da sauransu na iya haifar da halaye marasa kyau, kamar su amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyis na kowane nau'i, walau kwayoyi ko barasa fiye da kima wadanda zasu iya cutar da lafiyar mabukaci, da ta wadanda suke kusa dashi.
Yawancin masu laifi an same su don ɗaukar matakai mafi tsauri bayan cinye ɗayan waɗannan abubuwa, saboda suna hana kowane irin juyayi.
A cikin kasashen Latin Amurka yawancin lura da kwararar wadannan abubuwa ana lura dasu da matukar damuwa, akwai manyan amfanin gona na kowane irin tsirrai wadanda zasu iya sanya hankali da jiki shiga cikin hayyacin su, haka kuma dakunan gwaje-gwaje da aka tsara don kirkirar abubuwan roba wadanda suke yafi cutarwa ga lafiya.
Akwai kungiyoyi da yawa da suka amince da kirkirar kamfe din yaki da yawan amfani da wannan nau'in, suna kokarin wayar da kan mutane game da hatsarin da suke dauke da shi, kuma har ma a wasu yankuna an sanya dokoki musamman kan akwatunan sigari inda ake nuna hotunan cututtukan. cewa halayyar shan taba na iya haifar da mutum.
Cutar tamowa
Saboda tsananin talauci, wannan babbar matsalar zamantakewar ta taso, wanda ke kawo mutuwar da ba ta dace ba ta mutane da yawa, saboda rashin cin kowane irin abinci na dogon lokaci.
Latinasashen Latin suna shan wahala da yawa sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki a yawancin yawancin mutanen yanzu, kodayake ana iya lura da mafi girman yunwa a cikin nahiyar Afirka inda ake ganin halin rashin mutuntaka kwata-kwata.
Tamowa ba kawai sakamako ne na rashin cin abinci a cikin adadi mai yawa ba, amma kuma yana da alaƙa da nau'in abincin da ake cinyewa, tunda don samun ingantaccen abinci mai kyau ya zama dole a ci dukkan abubuwan haɗin dala na abinci, ta hanyar canzawa tsakanin sunadarai, mai, carbohydrates, ma'adanai, bitamin da duk abubuwanda jiki ke buƙata don samun damar aiwatar da aikinsu yadda ya kamata.
A wasu kasashen Latin karancin kayayyakin kwandon abinci na yau da kullun, wanda ya haifar da mutanen da ke zaune a wasu ƙasashe ba sa samun damar waɗannan, cikin sauƙin cin wasu nau'ikan abinci a mafi yawan lokuta waɗanda ba su da ikon samar da abubuwan gina jiki masu dacewa ga jiki.
Rikici
Irin wannan matsalar ta zamantakewar jama'a ta daɗe tana shafar dukkan al'ummomin duniya, kodayake kamar yadda kafofin watsa labarai suka haɓaka, yana yiwuwa a lura da yadda ya ɗauki sabbin abubuwa.
Tashin hankali yana da nau'uka daban-daban wanda ake la'akari da matakin zalunci da wanda aka yiwa irin waɗannan ayyukan ke ciki.
Tashin hankali ga mata ya kasance ɗayan abubuwan da aka magance a duniya a yau, saboda manyan ƙungiyoyin mata, waɗanda ke watsi da tunanin jima'i, saboda wannan ya haifar da wariya da zalunci ba tare da sanya takunkumi na doka ga masu cin zarafin ba.
A halin yanzu akwai wani nau'in tashin hankali wanda aka lasafta shi azaman zalunci, wanda shine tsangwama ga mutane, sanya su jin an ƙi su da kuma yin ba'a da halayensu daban-daban, wannan har ya wuce zuwa matakan cybernetic, wanda masu wuce gona da iri suke aikatawa ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a, zagi da ba'a. wasu mutane komai yadda suka shafi wasu.
Wannan wata matsala ce ta zamantakewar da ake fama da ita a duk duniya, kodayake a ƙasashen Latin Amurka ana ganinta cikin tsari, saboda yawan shaye-shaye da shaye-shayen ƙwayoyi, waɗanda ke haifar da cin zarafin dangi har ma da baƙi.
Wadannan nau'ikan ayyukan galibi doka ce ta hukunta su, saboda mutane masu tashin hankali a mafi yawan lokuta na iya haifar da kisa ga wadanda abin ya shafa.
Hanya mafi sauri don warware ire-iren wadannan matsalolin ita ce samun al'ummomi da gwamnatoci suyi aiki tare, wanda ke amfani da dokoki da takunkumi masu dacewa don daidaitattun ka'idoji waɗanda ke haifar da zaman lafiyar jama'a, da kuma al'ummar da ke fahimtar hakan yayin da ƙananan matsaloli ke faruwa , ci gaban su zai fi kyau, kuma ta haka ne za su iya haɓaka kuma su zama ƙasa mai albarka.