Wankan taruwa shine wanda yake a dorsal cranial fossa, na baya ga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma kasa da lobe occipital, yana da gabar tsaka-tsaki mara kyau wanda yake da girman tsakanin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin santimita 5.6-6.6 da kuma fadin mai zurfin santimita 8-10, tare da tsayin santimita 4-5 da kimanin nauyin kilogiram 130.
Raunuka a cikin wannan yanki yawanci ba sa alaƙa da nakasa, amma tare da raunin motsa jiki, kamar su matsayi, wahalar aiwatar da wasu motsi da koyon su.
Akwai wasu bincike a cikin dabbobi da suka nuna cewa cerebellum ita ce babba mai kula da haɓaka ƙwarewar motsa jiki.
Kodayake a halin yanzu an nuna cewa cerebellum yana cika ayyuka da yawa fiye da tsarin motar kawai, har ma da rikitarwa kamar haɓaka harshe, wasu matakan fahimi, kulawa da ƙwarewar fasaha.
Menene cerebellum?
Mai kula da rawar jiki ne, wanda aka sanya wa suna yanki ne na kwakwalwa wanda yake hade da hada dukkan abubuwa hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da motsa jiki zuwa tsarin juyayi, wannan yana da alaƙa da kusancin sauran sassan kwakwalwa kuma tare da lakar ta baya ta hanyoyi daban-daban na jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, wannan kuma shi ke kula da kayyade duk bayanan da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwaƙwalwar da ke aikawa zuwa kayan aikin motar don ya sami aiki mai kyau
Cerebellum yana daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka hada da tsarin jijiyoyin tsakiya, kuma shine na biyu mafi girma, bayan kwakwalwa ba shakka, yana cikin sassan da na baya na kokon kai.
Haswaƙwalwar tana da wasu halaye waɗanda suke nuna cewa ita ce mai kula da duk motsin rai da zartarwa, tsakanin manyan mashahuran masu zuwa.
Juyin Halitta
Yana da ikon rarrabawa zuwa sassa uku yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, waɗanda ke da takamaiman ayyuka.
- Lobe na baya: wannan yana kasancewa da kasancewa mafi ƙarancin ɓangaren juyin halittar cerebellum.
- Gaban baya: Wannan ana kiran sa lobe na biyu yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta.
- Lamba Flocculo-nodular: Yana da mafi tsufa na duka cerebellum, wanda aka san shi da na da.
Ayyuka bisa ga lobes
Cerebellum yana da ayyuka daban-daban guda uku, waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da lobe da yake amfani da shi.
- Yana shiga tsakani kuma yana daidaitawa: dukkanin motsi na atomatik da na son rai, sannan kuma shima yana da ikon daidaita dukkan tsokoki na kwarangwal don samun kyakkyawar kulawa da dukkan jiki, wannan aikin halayyar lobe na baya ne.
- Kiyaye: yana iya kiyaye sautin tsoka na duka jiki, halayyar ƙashin baya.
- Daidaita: flocculum-nodular lobe yana da ikon kiyayewa da kafa daidaito a cikin dukkan tsokoki da jiki, samun cikakken kwanciyar hankali.
Anatomy
Yana bayar da masauki zuwa hanyoyin jijiyoyin da basu sani ba, kuma ya kunshi kwasfa biyu, kuma musamman a tsakiyar wadannan akwai wani karamin rami da ake kira Vermis, wanda yake da sura kwatankwacin ta tsutsa, kuma A nan ne jijiyar hanyoyin da aka ambata a sama sun ƙare.
Uwayoyi
Dibwarai da gaske a cikin cerebellum akwai 50% na jimlar adadin jijiyoyi a cikin dukkan kwakwalwa, kodayake wannan daidai gwargwado 10% na dukkan girman ƙwaƙwalwar.
Neurons sune ƙarshen jijiyar tare da haɗin hanyoyin su.
Haɗin kai
Cerebellum na da ikon kafa nau'ikan haɗin sadarwa guda uku ta cikin abubuwan da ake kira cerebellar pendulums, waɗanda sune igiyoyinsu. Nau'ukan haɗin sun dogara da abin da yake amfani da su.
- Pananan abin wuya: yana da ikon haɗawa da medulla oblongata tare da lakar kashin baya.
- Tsakiyar tsakiya: yaduwar annular ta haɗu da neo-cerebellum, waɗannan ana bayyana su da kasancewa igiyoyin da suka fi kowane nau'i uku girma.
- Babban abin wuya: Yana da ikon haɗa tsakiyar tsakiya na cerebellum tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin motsi.
Tsarin ciki
Abubuwan daidaitawa waɗanda cerebellum ke da su sun kasu kashi biyu na abubuwa gwargwadon launi, waɗanda suke launin toka da fari.
An raba launin toka zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na 4 da ƙwayoyinsu, waɗanda kowannensu yana da aikinsa, kuma su ne kamar haka.
- Gishiri mai mahimmanci: wannan shine wanda ke haɗuwa da neo-cerebellum, kuma bi da bi shine mafi haɓaka.
- Tsarin tsakiya: wannan shine babban wanda ke kula da tsauraran matakan da suke da aikin motar su.
- Duniyar Globose: Ana bayyana ta da ciwon sifa iri ɗaya kamar harafin "S"
- Tsarin tsakiya: Shine ke da alhakin daidaita daidaito a cikin jiki da tsokoki.
Al'amari
Cikakken ya cika an rufe shi da ruwan fatar jiki, kuma yana da sifa mai ban sha'awa, kwakwalwar mutum zata iya daukar nauyin gram 9 sama da na mace, kuma tana iya auna tsakanin gram 150 zuwa 180, bi da bi, ta ƙunshi fuskoki uku: na ƙasa, na sama da na baya.
- Faceananan fuska: Yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa fossa na ƙwanƙwan kai, wanda ake kira cerebellar fossae, wanda ke ɗorewa ta hanyar mater dore.
- Fuska ta sama: Yana haɗuwa da bango da ake kira cereorium tentorium, kuma yana da siffar kama da ta rufi.
- Fuskar gaban: annons pons da medulla oblongata an haɗa su saboda wannan.
Ayyuka na cerebellum
Babban aikin wannan shine daidaitawa da aikawa da motsin rai na motsi da jin dadi, wannan shine babban alhakin amsawa ga dubunnan damar da zasu iya wanzuwa a waje, kasancewa iya kunna tsarin tsaro, gudu tsakanin waɗancan kafin waɗanda aka ambata.
Shin da ikon fahimta da adana bayanai yana fitowa daga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, don samun damar yin martani ga duk wani motsa jiki da jiki zai iya samu, samar da motsi na tsokoki, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwarewa kamar yare, ƙwarewar fasaha kamar kiɗa, ƙwarewar jiki, da sauransu.
Cibelum wani bangare ne na kwakwalwar halittu da yawa, kodayake a wasu yana bunkasa fiye da na wasu, kamar yadda lamarin yake game da kifi, tsuntsaye da ‘yan kifayen halittu, kuma wadanda suke da shi sosai ana iya fahimtarsu a tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, kasancewar su halittu ne na farko. na farko.
Wasu cututtukan cuta da suka danganci cerebellum
Wannan na iya gabatar da wasu gazawa, sanadiyyar raunin da ya faru, wanda zai iya haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani a cikin motar da ayyukan harshe na mutumin da ke fama da waɗannan cututtukan, daga cikin mahimman abubuwa sune masu zuwa.
- Ataxia: An bayyana shi ta hanyar gabatar da wahala a cikin ƙungiyoyin son rai da son rai, waɗanda ke haifar da bayyanar cuta irin su hyperthermia, dyschronometry, adiadocosinecia da asynergia.
- Hypotonia: marasa lafiya da wannan cututtukan cututtukan cututtuka na iya nuna raguwar motsin tsokoki da bugun tsokoki.
- Girgiza kai tsaye: Akwai gazawa a cikin cerebellum, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da rawar jiki, don haka ana iya lura da jijjiga lokacin da ake yunƙurin motsa kowane tsoka, wanda motsi ne na rashin son mutum, don haka ba a yin shi da niyya.
Hakanan akwai wasu alamomi da suka danganci cerebellum, wanda ke tashi yayin da ya ji rauni, ya yi lahani ko kuma ya shafi ayyukan motar mutane, daga cikin sanannun su ne masu zuwa.
Hemispheric cerebellar ciwo
Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan shine ischemia ko ƙari wanda aka samo a cikin sassan jikin, wanda ke gabatar da matsalolin motsa jiki a cikin tsauraran matakai, yana mai da hankali fiye da komai akan ƙafafu da hannaye.
Ciwon ƙwayar Vermis cerebellar
Yana mai da hankali ne kan rashin kulawa da sassan tsakiyar jiki kamar kututture da kai, hana mutum daga sanya shi cikin nutsuwa, wani lokacin yana rasa daidaito, yana iya faduwa da gangan ko baya.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don lalata cerebellum don haka ya shafi ƙwarewar tsarin motar jiki, kamar rikice-rikice, guba, ciwace-ciwace, cututtuka, rauni, lalacewa, matsalolin jijiyoyin jini, da nakasawa.