A wannan lokacin, zamaninmu zuwa yau yana ƙara haɓaka. Ayyuka, makarantu, da masifu da matsalolin da muke gani yau da kullun akan talabijin da jaridu sun kiyaye mu a cikin wannan yanayi na faɗakarwa da zamu iya wuce dukkan kwanakinmu a ɓoye daga ɗaya gefen zuwa wancan muna lura da kowane bangare a waje tare da tsoron cewa wani abu na iya faruwa mu.
Babu sauran lokaci ko kuzari don neman cikin kanmu ko don sanin kanmu. Akwai lokuta, da yawa da yawa, wanda mutane, duk da suna da shekaru na rayuwa a wannan duniyar, a karshen suna da'awar cewa basu san kansu ba. Tattaunawa shine tsarin da muke lura da kanmu daga ciki cikin yanayin ruhaniya. Ta hanyar aiki da shi, da gaske zamu iya sanin kanmu da aiki sosai kamar yadda mutane suke san rayuwarmu da muhallinmu, na zahiri da na hankali.
Bari mu bayyana ma'anar zurfafawa
Kalmar dubawa ya kasance wani lokaci ne na mahawara. Tuni a cikin tsohuwar Girka mai ilimin falsafa Plato yayi mamakin “Me zai hana ku sake nazarin kasan tunaninmu cikin nutsuwa da haƙuri, kuma kuyi bincike sosai don gano menene waɗannan fannoni a cikin mu? An gwada zurfafa tunani sau da yawa tare da fahimta da ƙwaƙwalwa, amma menene ainihin nutsuwa?
Gabatarwa tsari ne na hankali, wanda mutum zai iya shiga cikin zurfin hankalinsu da nazarin abubuwan da suka samu kansu. domin samun abin da yake da mahimmanci a gare su. Ta wannan hanyar dan Adam zai iya sanin kansa har zuwa wani lokaci. Ta wata hanyar faɗin ta, ƙarfin tunani ne don ya zama mai kula da jihohin sa.
Halaye na gabatarwa
Yin dubawa yana da ainihin asalin halayensa na ɗabi'a, ma'ana, cewa mutumin da yake lura da kansa daga mizanin su kuma daga nasa hanyar ganin zahiri. Babu wani mutum a duniya da zai iya gudanar da bincike game da halayenku, kamar yadda ba za ku iya fahimtar halayyar wani mutum ba.
Don haka, shi ma yana da wani mataki na sassauci, tunda a lokacin wannan dabarar mun ɗauki kanmu a matsayin abin bincike, amma a lokaci guda mu masu bincike ne. mai kula da tattara bayanan da aka samoHakanan, amfani da ainihin abin da muka samo zai shafi rayuwarmu, tunda ba za mu iya tilasta tunaninmu da tunaninmu zuwa na wani ba.
Tsarin hangen nesa kuma abu ne mai rikitarwa, kuma yana buƙatar horo don cin nasara; Ba abu bane mai sauki kamar zama wata rana kuma tuni kunada cikakken waye kai da kuma abinda kuke nema a duniya. Dole ne ku sami ikon koyawa kanku yarda da komai daga kanku, kuma kada ku faɗa cikin wannan gidan yanar gizo mai haɗari da ake kira yaudarar kai.
Don sanya shi cikin aiki
Don fahimtar aikin tsinkayewa, abu na farko da yakamata mu sani shine tsari ne wanda dole ne mu kula da kanmu. Saurara mana.
A tsakiyar duk wani yanayi da ka iya tasowa, kafin aiwatar da son rai da neman mafita cikin sauri, kamar yadda galibi galibi, yana da kyau mu bincika kanmu da kanmu.
Dole ne mu haɗu da abubuwan cikinmu, tare da tunaninmu da abubuwan da muke ji, tunda idan muka tsinci kanmu cikin hadin kai da kanmu zai fi sauki samun mafita ga kowane irin yanayi, cewa idan muka ƙaddamar da kanmu don warware shi tare da motsawar farko.
Wannan tsari yana taimaka mana fahimtar da fahimtar mafi kyau mu wanene mu, inda muke, da abin da zamu kasance, don mu iya ganewa menene mafi kyau a gare mus, tunda wannan aikin ma yana sanya mu a haɗu da ruhaniyanmu kuma yana samar mana da kayan aiki don fuskantar komai.
Yin nazari ba kawai zai bamu damar sanin kanmu da kyau ba, amma don girmamawa, ƙaunaci da karɓar kanmu kamar yadda muke.
Hanyar dubawa
Dole ne a fahimci hanyar zurfafawa azaman hanya ce ta yadda batun zai mayar da hankalinsa kan hanyoyin tunaninsa. Wata hanyar kallon shi ita ce Dole ne batun ya bincika abin da ke cikin tunaninsa ba tare da motsawar waje da ya yi da ita ba..
Wannan hanyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin farko da aka yi amfani da su har abada a cikin binciken ƙwaƙwalwa, kuma godiya ga wannan an yi nazarin ta yadda za su ba mu damar rarraba shi zuwa wasu nau'ikan binciken da zai iya sa aikin gudanar da shi cikin sauki. fitar, mai da hankali kan ɗayan waɗannan a lokaci guda, don samun cikakkiyar ƙwarewa, amma ba cikawa ba.
Nau'in gargajiya na gabatarwa
Asali zamu iya samun nau'ikan gabatarwa iri biyu a cikin zamanin gargajiya wanda aka fara tattauna batun: ƙwarewar gwaji da kuma tsarin gabatarwa.
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Gwajin gwaji
Wannan tsari na zurfafa bincike ya nemi mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin tunani ta wata hanya kimiyya da haƙiƙa ta hanyar yin amfani da tasirin da aka sanya batun gwajin. Ta hanyar wannan tsari, ana neman kamawa da bayyanar da hankali a lokacin da ya fito don bincika shi.
Don cimma wannan, ban da bayanan magana na mai haƙuri, dole ne a auna tashin hankali na tsoka, rikodin lantarki da kuma yawan kurakuran godiya. Amfani da waɗannan bayanan da aka samo yayin wannan nau'in introspection, yana yiwuwa a rufe aiki da kasancewar nufin, motsin rai ko hankali, kodayake abubuwa masu rikitarwa ba za a iya kimanta su ba.
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Gabatarwa na tsari
A cikin wannan ƙaramin binciken, abin da ake nema shi ne samun damar ƙwaƙwalwa ta hanyar warware halin da ake ciki kuma daga baya ya bayyana matakan da aka bi don isa ga wannan maganin.
A wannan yanayin ana aiwatar dashi ta hanyar a - ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, saboda haka dole ne a kira shi hangen nesa.
Ofaya daga cikin marubutan da suka fito daga baya a wannan batun shine NK Ach (1871-1946), wanda ya rarraba ƙwarewar da za'ayi ta amfani da makircin: matakai don shiri, bayyanar kara kuzari, bincika hanyoyin da suka dace da amsawa. Ta hanyar amfani da wannan hanyar gwaje-gwajen sun zama da wahala sosai don samun kyakkyawan sakamako.
Irin wannan yanayin nazarin daga baya za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin ka'idoji kamar psychochodynamics. Batun dubawa na baya baya kasancewa muhimmin ɓangare na yawancin ayyukansa.
Babbar Jagora
Tsinkaya ko fahimta na cikin gida shine babbar masaniyar fahimtar tasirin hankali don samun damar sanin jihohin ta kai tsaye.
Idan muka dauka introspection kamar yadda nasaba da wasu yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa za a san shi azaman dubawa na baya; amma dubawa na iya zama haɗin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar abubuwan da suka gabata da rayuwar abubuwan yau da kullun, waɗanda duka nau'ikan gabatarwar zasu iya shiga tsakani.
Ilimin tunani na yau da kullun, wanda ya faɗi rassa daga falsafa zuwa kimiyya, ya ɗauki tsinkaye a matsayin hanya mafi inganci don isa ga jirgin saman ruhi, yayin da a cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wanda Freud da likitan kwantar da hankali Wundt suka gabace shi, yana nuna hanyar sanin kai ga bayyana ilimin ilimin yau da kullun.
Abubuwan buƙatu
- Abubuwan da aka gano sun shafi matakan tunani
- Cewa hanyoyin da ake bi da hankali sune na mutumin da yayi aikin dubawa
- Ba za a iya rarraba wannan ilimin a matsayin kai tsaye ba amma kai tsaye.
Gabatarwa a wannan zamani
Kodayake a aikace ba mu ga cewa ana amfani da dubawa a matsayin hanya a kanta ba, za mu iya samun babban tasirin wannan a cikin ayyukan mutane da yawa rassan ilimin halin dan Adam. Kuma ana amfani da hanyoyi daga fahimtar abubuwa sau da yawa waɗanda ke ba da izinin juyin halitta a cikin farfaɗo ta hanyar kimanta motsin zuciyarmu da jin daɗin da marasa lafiya ke faɗi yayin da suke fuskantar wasu matsalolin.
Hakazalika, da yawa daga cikin nazarin makarantun psychochodynamic Hakanan an kewaye su ta hanyar dubawa, kamar yadda ake iya gani a cikin aikace-aikace na hanyoyi kamar haɗakar kalma, inda ake amfani da dubawar dubawa musamman musamman.