A cikin wannan lokacin, ɗan adam ya sami babban sauye-sauye na al'ada da na addini wanda ya sanya yanayin halayen su. Hakanan akwai canje-canje masu mahimmanci waɗanda suka yanke hukuncin makomar yankuna daban-daban.
A yau, mun so kawo muku duka bayanin tsakiyar shekaru cewa dole ne ku sani, don ku iya gano irin al'adun da muke ɗauka a matsayinmu na al'umma kuma ku kasance a yau, waɗanne imane muke riƙewa daga wannan lokacin da kuma mahimmancin da yake da shi ga ƙaddarar ɗan adam.
Menene Zamanin Tsakiya?
Lokaci ne wanda ya hada da shekarun karshe na wargajewar Masarautar Roman ta Yamma, har zuwa Zamanin Zamani wanda ya fara bayan Christopher Columbus ya gano Amurka.
Mataki na rashin fahimta ko zamanin duhu, ya kasance mai zaluntar mutum. Tsawan lokaci na tashin hankali kai tsaye ya shafi rayuwar mutum saboda godiya ga dorewar cocin a cikin ikon zamantakewar, kuma ga buƙatar wannan don ɗora doka ɗaya.
A gefe guda, yana da tasiri a cikin tarihin fasaha saboda ginin gine-gine tare da umarnin gine-gine daban-daban.
A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyoyin fasaha suna haɓaka albarkatun sadarwa waɗanda ɗan adam ke fuskanta, haka kuma kasancewar Allah a matsayin babban abin tsoro shine sanadin manyan abubuwan al'ajabi na Zamanin Zamani.
Hanyoyi daban-daban kamar su adabi, zane-zane, gine-gine da sassaka, su ne jarumai na ƙarancin tashin hankali na wannan lokacin.
Matakan Zamani na Tsakiya
Bari mu fara da rarraba matsakaitan shekaru ta hanyar matakai, a duk waɗannan lokutan akwai canje-canje na al'ada da na juyin halitta.
Matsakaiciyar shekaru
Babban Tsararru na Tsakiya ya haɗa da ƙarni na XNUMX zuwa XNUMX, a lokacin ne tsarin fifiko ya kasance, wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin tsarin azuzuwan zamantakewar da ke rage masu gata.
Figures kamar su sarki, masu martaba da malamai, suna tantance makomar talakawa da manoma. Na farkon yana da ikon yanke shawara game da makomar mutanen da aka wulakanta su kuma aka wulakanta su da "yanayin zamantakewar tattalin arziki."
Tsakiyar Zamani
Ya haɗa da ƙarni na goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha biyar, Kiristanci ya zama na yanzu saboda godiya. Tattalin arzikin ƙasashe da ke kusa da shi na ci gaba, inda ƙarni na sha biyu da sha uku su ne abin murna da ci gaba; amma a cikin ƙarnuka masu zuwa kasancewar kwari da cututtuka sun addabi mutanen zamanin da.
Menene halayen Zamanin Tsakiya?
Gaba, zamu ba ku a cikin layin gaba ɗaya halaye da ke ayyana tsakiyar shekaru:
Coci
Yana da cikakken iko na dukkan al'umma, tsoron Allah da kuma kasancewarsa masu zunubi sune abubuwan da suka daidaita da kuma shawo kan mutanen zamanin da.
Rayuwar al'adu da cigaban fasaha
Art ya zama na asali ne a matsayin hanya daya tilo ta nunawa ga al'adun da aka keɓe, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa zaka iya samun lokuta daban-daban na fasaha waɗanda suka ƙunshi Zamani na Tsakiya, inda ba shakka addini ya kasance a matsayin hoton zane:
- Kiristancin farko: Fasaha ce ta addini wacce take nuna rayuwar yesu, an bunkasa ta ne ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba don kar a kashe mabiya dan Allah. A cikin wannan zane-zane, matsayin adadi ya bayyana, kasancewar allahntaka an wakilta ta hanyar ɗan adam, abubuwan aikin ana kasancewarsu bisa ga dokar gaban da aka yi amfani da ita tsawon shekaru a cikin fasahar Masar.
- Byzantine fasaha: yana kiyaye dokar gaban Kiristanci na farko, sassaka, mosaic da zanen da suka yi fice a wannan lokacin. Amfani da launuka masu ƙyalli ya kasance a cikin zanen, frescoes ɗin da ke kan ƙwanƙolin basilicas sun yi fice, kuma al'ada tana da tasirin tasirin gabas sosai.
- Fasaha ta Musulunci: tsarin lissafin adadi ya mamaye dukkan fannoni, tare da girmamawa kan gine-gine da mosaics. Yana da tambarin roba kuma yana amfani da kayan aiki marasa kyau don gininsa, yana da halaye na aiki da kuma ado waɗanda ke neman farantawa allahn musulunci daban-daban.
- Farkon Romanesque: Ya fi dacewa da sauran raƙuman ruwa, yana da abubuwa na Krista, Celtic da Jamusanci.
- Gothic fasaha: manyan gine-gine sun fi yawa a majami'u da basilicas. Babban manufar Gothic shine don sanya tsoro akan mutane, shi yasa ake iya lura da kayan ado a mashigar majami'u a matsayin alama ta mugunta, don haka mutane suna yawaita halaye na addini.
- Renaissance fasaha: sake haifuwa shine hasken da ya ba da damar zuwa gestation na sabon ruwan, a wannan lokaci na ɗan lokaci, an kusan kawar da tsoron Allah kuma mutum ya fara zama jarumi, mai hankali kuma abin bincike. Falsafa da ilimin da aka ajiye daga al'adun Girka suka dawo.
Gudummawar ilimi
Duk lokutan al'adun da aka haɗa a tsakiyar zamanai suna da mahimmanci, duk da haka, Renaissance shine mafi kyawun yanayin ɗan adam, inda mutum zai iya zama masanin falsafa, masanin gine-gine, likita, masanin halayyar ɗan adam, mai zane-zane, marubuci, marubuci, malami, masanin kimiyya kuma mai iya magancewa. dunbin sana'oi da ilimomi. Asali an kirkiro ka'idojin magani ne a cikin wannan lokacin na tarihi, inda ake nuna jijiyoyin jini, jujjuya jini, ƙashi da jijiyoyin jiki don kyakkyawar fahimta, galibi cututtukan da suka addabi jama'a.
Noma
Daga cikin halayen Zamani na Tsakiya, zamu sami ci gaban noma a matsayin babban aikin tattalin arziki, tunda saka hannun jari ya bambanta da buƙatar abinci daga girbi.
Faudalism
Ya kasance kusan kusan duk zamanin da, mulkin mallaka ya ƙunshi sarki yana ba da sarauta ga jarumawa da mayaƙa don 'yan koren zamantakewar da ke ƙarƙashin bautar sa su yi aiki da su. Ribar mallakar ta mulkin mallaka ce wacce ta ba da kariya da mafaka ga baƙauye.
Siyasa
Ikilisiya ita ce babbar doka, ta ba da kalmar ƙarshe ga shawarar da mutane ke son yankewa don jin daɗin jama'a. Dabararsa ita ce sanya tsoron Allah a kan mutane, tare da ba su haƙƙin karatu da karatu don su sami damar ƙara mallakar rayukansu. Lokaci ya kasance da duhun gaske ga waɗanda suke son samun bayanai na addini, kawai mawadata da masu dama waɗanda ke cikin manyan al'ummomin addinai, ke da damar samun wannan bayanan.
Rashin daidaito a cikin jama'a
An rarraba al'umma bisa ga azuzuwan zamantakewar jama'a, bisa ga tsarin pyramidal wanda ke tantance tsarin tsarin waɗanda suke yin sa saboda albarkatun tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma.
Rarraba iko
Duka malamai da masarauta suna da ƙarfi iri ɗaya, duk da cewa suna da ayyuka daban-daban a cikin masarautar, dukansu suna iya samun fa'ida iri ɗaya.
Muna fatan cewa wannan sakon game da halayen Zamani na Tsakiya ya kasance abin da kuke so, tunda mun shirya shi ta hanyar tattara bayanai da kuma miƙa muku ta hanya mafi sauƙi.