Buƙatar sani da gano sababbin abubuwa koyaushe yana cikin mutane, koyaushe akwai mahimmancin kirkirar abubuwa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke kewaye da mu kuma suna motsa mu mu sani da ƙari. Wannan damar sanin komai da kuma son sanin komai Yana daga cikin halayen zama wanda bazai taba mutuwa ba, kasa da yadda karfin yalwace cikin kalma daya wani sarkakken ra'ayi wanda yake ba da rai ga wani abu.
Wannan shi ne batun Heuristics, ma'anarsa ta asali tana nuni ne ga kalmomin aiki "samu" ko "ƙirƙira", amma har yanzu akwai sauran, ya nuna cewa a duniyar nahawu wannan kalmar tana iya zama suna, kuma ma'anarta a cikin wannan rarrabuwa yana nufin fasaha ko ilimin ganowa. M ba?
Masana kimiyya
Wannan kalmar an samo ta ne daga Girkanci kuma asalinta tana nufin "nema" da "ƙirƙira". Yana iya samun rarrabuwa biyu a cikin nahawu, ɗayan azaman sifa ne ɗayan kuma a matsayin suna, dukansu suna da ma'ana iri ɗaya samu-daidaitacce.
Ma'aikatar ilimin lissafi gabaɗaya tana neman ƙirƙirar dabarun da zasu jagoranci wannan binciken, a cikin ilimin koyarwa ana amfani dashi sosai da sunan hanyar heuristic, Yana neman kafa dabaru don ci gaban tunani yayin amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na kimantawa don ƙarfafa ilmantarwa dangane da buƙatu ko ƙwarewar daidaitawa da yaron yake.
A daidai wannan yanayin, ilimin lissafi halayya ce da ɗan adam ya mallaka ta ɗabi'a, godiya gareshi zamu iya fassara saƙonnin rayuwa azaman fasaha ko kimiyya, ko kuma yana iya zama a matsayin abun kerawa daidai da cewa mutum yana da shi don ƙirƙirar sababbin hanyoyin.
A cewar George Polya, heuristic ya ƙunshi ƙwarewar da ke tattare da warware matsaloli da ganin yadda wasu suke yin sa. Daga nan ne za a iya la'akari da shi azaman aikin da ake aiwatarwa gaba ɗaya.
George Polya shine marubucin littafin Yadda za a warware shi asali Yadda za a warware shi, A can yana tayar da makirci-mataki-mataki don mai amfani koyon yadda ake amfani da ilimin tarihi a rayuwar ku. Littafin yana kwatanta waɗannan tsararruka mataki zuwa mataki:
- Idan ya zama da wuyar fahimtar matsalar, kuna buƙatar zana zane.
- Idan har yanzu ba ku sami mafita ba, kuna iya yin da'awar kuna da shi kuma ku ayyana abin da za ku iya samu daga wannan maganin.
- Idan matsalar ta zama ba komai, zaku iya gwada misali mai misali.
- Gwada magance matsalar gabaɗaya.
A aikin injiniya
A cikin wannan ilimin kimiyya, ana amfani da kalmomin aiki azaman saitin hanyoyin dangane da ƙwarewar da za a iya amfani da ita azaman taimako don warware takamaiman matsaloli.
A cikin ilimin halin dan Adam
Yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kerawa kuma an sami shawarwari da yawa waɗanda ke kare shi ya zama doka ce da zata jagoranci yanke shawara kuma suyi bayani a kan matakin aiki yadda mutane zasu iya magance matsala yadda ya kamata.
Takaddun kalmomin da aka faɗi na iya wakiltar gajerun hanyoyin tunani don rage tsarin sanin abin da wata matsala ka iya haifar da shi, hanya ce madaidaiciya don adana albarkatun hankali.
Don fahimtar ƙarin ɗan menene ainihin abubuwan da ilimin lissafi ya bayyana a matsayin hanyar kimiyya bisa ƙa'idodinta, ƙa'idodinta da dabarunta azaman hanyoyin koyo na taimako, mun rarraba tsarinta bisa ga masu zuwa:
- Ka'idodin Heuristic: samar da shawarwari don nemo mafita mai yuwuwa kai tsaye, amfani da misalai azaman hanyoyi da hanyoyin warwarewa.
- Dokokin heuristic: su ne babban hankulan ayyukan bincike kuma gabaɗaya suna taimaka wajan gano hanyoyin magance matsalolin.
- Dabarun Heuristic: sune albarkatun kungiya don aiwatar da ƙuduri waɗanda da farko suna taimakawa magance hanyar da zata magance matsalar.
Menene hanyar heuristic?
Tuni aka san ma'anar da ke bayanin tabbas game da heuristics game da shi, ya zama dole a koya daga hanyar heuristic. Wannan hanya tayi kokarin aiwatar da manufar heuristics dangane da dabarun bincike da magance matsaloli da yake gabatarwa.
Ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan magance matsaloli, ba ingantacciyar hanya ba ce da ke ba da tabbacin sakamako kai tsaye amma ya cika burin da aka tsara.
Gabaɗaya sharuddan, hanyar heuristic ta ƙunshi aikace-aikace dabarun magance matsaloli ta hanyar amfani da takamaiman fasahohi. Saboda iyawarta don samar da gamsasshen bayani ga tsarin fahimta, yana iya zama madadin tunani don rage ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi.
Hakanan, hanyar heuristic ta ƙunshi dabarun gwadawa (dangane da ƙwarewa), aiki da tsarin lura daga hujjoji suna da manufar bayar da ingantacciyar mafita ga wata matsala.
Dangane da wuraren da aka gabatar da George Polya en Yadda za a warware shi, zamu iya zuwa ga yanke hukunci cewa ana iya ganin mataki-mataki yana da sauƙin cimma amma zai iya zama babban matsala idan ba'a bincikesu da idon basira.
Mahimmancin hanyar heuristic cikin koyarwa
Hanyar heuristic tana da mahimmanci a cikin koyarwar ilimin kimiyya wanda ke da nauyi a cikin al'umma, irin wannan shine misalin misalai guda biyu da aka gabatar a baya, kamar injiniyanci da ilimin halin dan Adam.
A cikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya zama dole ɗalibin ya sami kuma ya yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban masu ban sha'awa don yin tsarin koyo ya zama mai tasiri da ma'ana.
Hakanan, a cikin ajujuwa ya zama dole a tsara dabarun da ke amfani da wannan kalmomin tun suna ƙanana, daga matakan da ba su ci gaba ba zuwa waɗanda cancanci ƙwarewar haɓaka mafi girma; Tabbas, kasancewa cikin sauƙin heuristic don magance matsaloli ba tare da buƙatar haɗaɗa da babban ƙoƙari na fahimi ba, aƙalla wannan shine makasudin da kimiyya ke da shi a cikin ɗan adam.
A gefe guda, hanyar heuristic dole ne ta tabbatar da cewa ɗalibin zai iya saba da wuraren da ya kafa Yadda za a warware shi, Wannan misalin zai iya zama babban taimako wajen ƙirƙirar dabaru dangane da ƙwarewar warware matsalar kai tsaye.
Fa'idodin hanyar heuristic cikin koyarwa
- Zai iya haɓaka halaye waɗanda ke haɓaka bincike tsakanin ɗaliban ɗalibai.
- Irƙiri halin wayewar kai.
- Ara ƙwarewar ikon mallaka a ɗalibi.
- Kamar yadda yake tabbatacce a cikin yanayi, yana ba da tabbacin ingantaccen tsarin ilmantarwa.
- Ka sa ɗalibin mai ƙwazo.