Menene hypothalamus kuma menene ayyukansa?

Yanki mafi mahimmanci a cikin kwakwalwa tunda tana da alhakin sarrafa hormones da aka saki cikin jiki ta cikin gland, kuma yana da alhakin tunani da koyon da kwakwalwa ke samarwa.

Ma'ana da ayyuka 

Hypothalamus shine ke da alhakin tsara halaye na mutum, canjin yanayin zafin jiki, sannan kuma yana daidaita zalunci, haifuwa da ci. Yana da ryankin nukiliya wanda yake a ƙasan ɓangaren thalamus kuma ya kasance daga babban sashi na diencephalon.

Menene ayyukan hypothalamus?

Hypothalamus ya cika ayyuka da yawa na jiki kamar shan abinci, ko na ruwa ko na tsayayye, da na aure, da duk motsin rai, da tashin hankali, da sauransu, waɗannan halaye za a iya raba su gida biyu, waɗanda suke a bayyane kuma waɗanda suke da motsin rai.

Yunwar

Yana da ikon tsara komai abubuwan da yunwa ta haifar, har ma waɗanda ke wanzu bayan cin abinci, kamar ƙoshin lafiya, bi da bi ana nuna shi da sarrafa matakan cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, da sauransu.

Mafarki

Cirwayar da'irar da aka fi sani da farkawa da bacci suna sarrafawa ne ta ɓangarorin baya da na baya na hypothalamus, waɗanda ke da ikon tsara su da sarrafa su, ta yadda jiki zai sami hutu mai kyau, wanda ke samar da kyakkyawar hanyar kuzari. kashegari da kyakkyawan aikin jiki.

Safiya

Jin motsin zuciyar da ɗan adam ke ji an samo shi ne ta hanyar saitin abubuwa masu guba waɗanda suke da wurin ganawarsu a cikin hypothalamus gland, waɗanda ake kira azaman neuropeptides ko neurohormones waɗanda sakamakon haɗakar wasu abubuwa ne waɗanda aka sani da amino acid da peptides, saboda wannan ya zama an yi la’akari da cewa motsin rai irin su fushi, baƙin ciki, farin ciki, sha’awar jima’i sun bayyana a cikin hypothalamus , jin ana cikin soyayya, da sauransu.

Hypothalamus yana aiki da iko, kuma bi da bi yana sarrafa tsarin sarrafa kansa, ta hanyar tasirin da yake da shi a kan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar, wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin yankin da ke da alhakin maganganun ilimin lissafi na yau da kullun, ana samun sadarwa ta hanyar haɗin kan tsarin da yawa waɗanda suka ƙunshi ta wannan hanyar, tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsakiya, wanda ya hada gangar jikin tare da hypothalamus a hanyoyi biyu, kuma a cikin shugabanci na rostral, ya shiga yankin septal tare da hypothalamus haka kuma tare da wuraren da ke cikin farcen farko.

Temperatura

Akwai nau'ikan hypothalamus guda biyu, na baya ko na gaba, wanda aka fi sani da mai raɗaɗi, da kuma na gaba ko na baya, wanda a likitanci aka sani da mai tausayawa, waɗanda ake ba su ayyuka daban-daban da suka shafi yanayin zafin jiki, kasancewar shi mai tausayawa ne wanda yake yaɗuwa ko kuma yaɗuwa. zafi, yayin da kyakkyawan saurayi ke kulawa daidaita zafin jikin mutum don haka ya kasance mai karko da kwanciyar hankali, dogaro da sarrafa yawan zufa da saurin numfashi.

Neuroanatomy

Halin hypothalamus yana kasancewa da kasancewa yanki na nukiliya gaba daya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ke cikin mahaɗan da yawa waɗanda ke da kwayar launin toka, waɗanda ke da wasu iyakoki, daga cikinsu ana iya ambata masu zuwa.

• Limitananan iyaka: bene wanda shine mafi ƙarancin iyaka na wannan wanda ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai tarin fuka na mammillary, chiasm na gani, zaren gani da kuma itacen pituitary.
• Iyaka na gefe: wannan ya kunshi tsakanin kawunansu na ciki.
• Iyakar gaba: supra-optic lamina, wanda aka fi sani da terminal lamina
• Iyakan baya: yana cikin maɓallin, wanda a cikin takamaiman hanyar, yana cikin jirgin sama na gaba fiye da bayan tarin fuka na mammillary.

Nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin hypothalamus

A cikin hypothalamus, ana iya gano nau'ikan nau'ikan jijiyoyi guda biyu waɗanda ke da ikon ɓoyewa, waɗanda za a bayyana a ƙasa.

• Nowayoyin Magnocellular: Ana ɗaukar su azaman haɓaka na hypothalamus, an san su da yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda nau'ikan biyu, sune waɗanda suke da girma. Waɗannan suna da ikon samar da homonin yanayi na peptic, waɗanda aka fi sani da neuro-pituitary, wannan shi ne ɓangaren juyayi na pituitary, wanda ake zuba jini da adanawa da zubawa.
• Voananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta: ana nuna shi ne da samun damar sakin abubuwan hypophysotropic wadanda aka fi sani da homonin peptide wanda yake a cikin kwayar halittar farko ta masaniyar tsakiyar tsakani, inda tasirin wasu kwayoyin halittun na pituitary yake faruwa, wadanda ke da alhakin wannan sune kwayar adenohypophysis, daga cikin wadannan kwayoyin halittar wadanda aka fi sani sune gonadotropin, prolactin, da thyrotropin-sakewa hormones ban da ci gaban-inganta hormones.

Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan jijiyoyin suna da ikon samar da nau'i biyu na dunkulalliyar mahaifa, waxanda suke da abubuwan da suke iya kawo ci gaba.

Neural tsakiya 

Baya ga tsakiya biyu da aka ambata a rukunin da ya gabata, akwai wasu nau'ikan wadannan, daga cikinsu mafiya muhimmanci su ne wadannan.

• Cibiyar Dorso-medial.
• Ventro-medial tsakiya.
• Mamillary tsakiya.
• Tsarin tsakiya.
• Suprachiasmatic tsakiya.
• Infundibular tsakiya.
• Tsakiyar tsakiya.
• Tsarin tsakiya na hypothalamic.
• Matsakaicin hypothalamic tsakiya.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan yana da halaye daban-daban, wanda yi ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin jiki, kamar dokokin zafin jiki kamar sanyi ko zafi, koshi, sakin homon da abubuwa, da kuma ayyukan jinƙai da jinƙai, gami da shiga cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da ayyukan gumi, da jin yunwa, tsoro, fushi da duk motsin da aka sani.

Hormones ya haifar

Wannan gabobin na endocrine yana da ayyuka da yawa wadanda suke da matukar amfani ga jikin mutum, kamar sakin abubuwa masu hanawa da motsa jiki a cikin jini dan kiyaye kyakykyawan kwararar wannan muhimmin ruwa, da kuma kula da yanayin zafin nasa, kodayake shima yana sauran halaye.kamar kirkirar sabbin kwayoyin halittun da aka kaddara za'a buyarsu a jiki, kamar su oxytocin da kuma antidiuretic hormone.