Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani shine mafi dacewa don warware duk matsalolin fasaha na ɗabi'ar ɗan adam, tare da bayyana tsarin tsarin rana da ba da sararin samaniya amsoshin da basa gamsarwa ga dukkan shakku na duniya.
A yau muna so mu baku cikakken bayani game da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na gargajiya domin ku sami ƙarin fahimta game da tambayoyi daban-daban da suka taso game da wannan kimiyyar.
Classical kimiyyar lissafi
Wannan kalma ana amfani da ita don komawa ga kimiyyar lissafi wacce ta kasance gabanin bayyanar kayyadadden makanikai ya hada da bangarori daban-daban na karatu kamar su thermodynamics, optics, acoustics, electromagnetism da sauransu. Har ila yau, ana kiran ilimin kimiyyar lissafi wanda ya kasance kafin 1900 kuma ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani ya hada da shekarun 1900 zuwa, zuwan masana kimiyyar lissafi ya ba wa masana ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sabon hangen nesa.
Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani
Don yin kwaskwarima kafin a ci gaba da bayanin bangarori daban-daban na ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ya zama dole a bambance shi da ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani.
Max Planck ya fara nasa bincike "nawa" kuzari a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX, wanda ya bayyana cewa sun ƙunshi ƙwayoyin makamashi waɗanda ba za a iya raba su ba.
Daga nan ne aka haife wannan sabon reshe na kimiyyar lissafi wanda ke neman nazarin bambance-bambancen da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta, halaye daban-daban da ke faruwa ga kwayar halitta da kuma ikon da ke mulki duka. Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani yayi nazari ne kan abubuwan da ke faruwa a saurin haske ko dabi’un da suka kusanceshi.
Hakanan, matsalolin da ke tasowa ba za a iya magance su ta hanyar hanyoyin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi ba, saboda wannan ya zama dole iya sake tunani game da bincike da kuma fannin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani kuma ya dace da lokacin kimiyyar lissafi na zamani zuwa karatu da ka’idojin da suka dace da yankin.
Menene rassan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi?
Don ingantaccen binciken kimiyya, an rarraba manyan rassarsa akan lokaci, saboda haka, ɗan adam ya sami damar yin aiki mafi kyau a waɗannan yankuna ta hanya mafi kyau kuma ya sanar da duniya sabbin ci gaban da aka samu a waɗannan karatun.
Abubuwan Acoustics
An tsara kunnen ɗan adam don hango raƙuman ruwa, dole ne a bi su kan tsarin bincike wanda ke nuna tsawonsu da damar su. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka haife acoustics, wannan reshe na kimiyyar lissafi yana da kulawa yi nazarin duk raƙuman ruwa don a ƙarshe fassara shi azaman sauti.
Nazarin ilimin acoustics ya kunshi kide-kide, da ilimin kasa, da na karkashin ruwa da abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi, gaba daya, wannan reshe na kimiyyar lissafi shi ke kula da karatun sautunan da ake fitarwa a cikin filin duniyar.
A gefe guda, wannan yana gabatar da psychoacoustics, wanda ke da alhakin nazarin tasirin a matakin jiki wanda ya taso a cikin tsarin nazarin halittu.
Mechanics
Wannan reshe yana da alaƙa da jikin mutum lokacin da aka tilasta masa yin ƙaura da kuma sakamakon da ke faruwa yayin da aka tilasta su.
Anyi la'akari da ƙaramin horo wanda ke hulɗa da nazarin abubuwan mamaki da suke faruwa ga abubuwa wadanda suke fuskantar karfin jiki, na barbashin da yake cikin yanayin hutu ko motsi amma ya rage saurin haske sosai.
Kayan aikin lantarki
Magnetism da wutan lantarki sun fito ne daga karfin karfin electromagnetic, daga nan ne electromagnetism shine reshen ilimin kimiyyar lissafi wanda yayi bayanin yadda tsarin mu'amala tsakanin wutar lantarki da maganadisu.
Don sanin wannan reshe a cikin zurfin, ya zama dole a nanata cewa an halicci magnetic magnetic ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki da ke motsi, kuma ya ce filin maganaɗisu yana iya jawo wutar lantarki ko kasawa hakan, motsi kaya.
Mafi mahimmanci, a cikin asalinsa, ana amfani da electromagnetism azaman nazarin abubuwan da suka faru game da walƙiya da kuma hasken da aka samar azaman sakamako mai haske.
Hakanan, maganadiso ya iya kasancewa a cikin abubuwa kamar compass don yin jagora zuwa ga hanyar, a da ana amfani dashi don wannan dalili.
Al'adar Roman wacce ke lura da al'amuran barbashi yayin hutawa wanda, lokacin da yake ganin yadda tasirin ya tashi yayin shafa tsefe, ya jawo sabbin abubuwa. A takaice, an kammala cewa tabbatattun zarge-zarge suna kangewa da kishiyoyi masu jawo hankali.
Injin gyaran ruwa
Wannan reshe na ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na yau da kullun yana nazarin kwararar ruwa da iskar gas, daga wannan reshe wasu suka fito ƙananan horo kamar su hydrodynamics da aerodynamics.
Ana amfani da makanikan ruwa mai guba a cikin fannoni masu zuwa: lissafin sojojin da ake amfani da su kan jiragen sama, yawan ruwan mai, hasashen abubuwan yanayi.
Ingantattun abubuwa
Wannan reshe na ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na yau da kullun yana hulɗa ne da nazarin al'amuran gani da kaddarorin haske gami da yiwuwar mu'amala da shi da kwayoyin halitta.
Yana bayanin duk matakan da suke faruwa a bayyane, ultraviolet, da hasken infrared. Wannan saboda haske ne da farko electromagnetic kalaman kamar x-rays, microwaves, da kuma radiyo da suke gabatar da irin wannan taguwar.
Wannan reshe yana da mahimmanci ga horo da yawa waɗanda ke kula da nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da ita, kamar su magani, ɗaukar hoto, ilimin taurari da injiniya.
Tsarin yanayi
Muna ci gaba da yanayin ilimin zamani, wannan reshe na kimiyyar lissafi yana nazarin illar aiki, kuzari da zafi a cikin takamaiman tsari. Reshe ne na kimiyyar lissafi sabon abu tunda aka haifeshi a karni na XNUMX tare da haihuwar injin tururi. A takaice, thermodynamics ke da alhakin lura da auna abubuwa daban-daban da ke faruwa.
Calledananan hulɗar iskar gas da ke faruwa akan wannan ma'auni ana kiran sa ko bayyana ta ka'idar motsi na gas. Sharuɗɗa ne da ke da alaƙa da juna don haɓaka hanyoyin da ke bayyana yanayin ƙirar thermodynamics ko ka'idar motsa jiki. Akwai dokoki guda uku waɗanda ke kula da yanayin zamani kuma sune Dokar Enthalpy, wanda ke kaiwa ga dokar entropy sabili da haka an haife na uku, wanda shine dokar ba da sifiri.