Ana iya fahimtar kwakwalwa a matsayin mafi mahimmin gabar mutum, tunda ita ce ke da alhakin aiwatar da dukkan muhimman ayyukan da ake bukata, ba wai kawai don ci gaba ba, har ma da wanzuwa. Tare da kwakwalwarmu ba kawai muke tunani ba, amma kuma muna daidaita ayyukan da muke yi. Wani abu mai sauki kamar numfashi, tafiya, ko daga hannayenka Zai iya zama samfuri na mahimmancin kwakwalwarmu, tunda ba tare da shi ba, babu ɗayan da zamu iya aiwatar dashi ta kowace hanya.
Lokacin da muke magana game da kwakwalwa, zamu iya tunanin cigaban cigaban abubuwan da wannan gabar ke aiwatarwa; a cikin jijiyoyin da zasu bamu damar tunani da aiwatar da ayyuka, koda suna da sauƙi ko masu rikitarwa.
Koyaya, a lokuta da yawa zamu so sanin ƙarin abubuwa game da aikinta, da kuma game da waɗannan mahimman abubuwan da, a ciki, suka ba da damar wannan aikin ya ci gaba. Da jijiyoyin jikiMisali, suna cika muhimmin aiki na jijiya a cikin kwakwalwa, kuma jerin jijiyoyi ne waɗanda suka tashi daga ƙananan ɓangaren kwakwalwa kuma suka ci gaba zuwa wuya da ciki. A wannan rubutun zamu shiga cikin kwakwalwa kuma zamu gano irin ayyukan da wadannan jijiyoyin sukeyi a ciki.
Menene waɗannan ma'aurata?
Jijiyoyin kwanciya, wadanda kuma aka fi sani da jijiyoyin kwanciya, jerin jijiyoyi goma sha biyu ne wadanda suke barin kwakwalwa a matakin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, kuma suna nan rarraba a fadin kai; Zamu iya samun su a gindin kwanyar, wuya, akwati da kuma kirji.
Cibiyar Nazarin Anatomical ta Duniya ta ba wa jijiyar ma'anar ma'anar jijiyar kwanyar, duk da cewa yana da saurin canzawa a cikin mutane, kuma yana da alaƙa da tsarin kamshi.
Jijiyoyin kwanyar suna da asali wanda yake a bayyane, wanda yake nufin wurin da jijiyar ta bar ko shiga cikin kwakwalwa. Asalinsu na asali ya bambanta gwargwadon aikin da suke cikawa cikin jiki; zaruruwa na jijiyoyin kwanya tare da aikin motsa jiki suna da asalin asalin su a cikin ƙungiyoyin tantanin halitta waɗanda ake samu a cikin zurfin zurfin ƙwaƙwalwar, kuma suna kama da ƙwayoyin ƙaho na gaban ƙashin baya.
Fibobi na jijiyoyin kwanyar da ke aiki na azanci ko aiki na azanci suna da ƙwayoyin jikinsu na asali a wajan ƙwaƙwalwar. Yawancin lokaci a cikin ganglia waɗanda suke kamanceceniya da waɗanda suke daga ƙarshen jijiyoyin jijiyoyi.
Halaye na jijiyoyin kwanciya
Akwai halaye da yawa waɗanda waɗannan jijiyoyi zasu iya rabawa a cikin jikin ɗan adam. Koyaya, mafi kyawun halayyar da suke rabawa, kuma wannan ya sanya suka zama na musamman da na musamman, shine gaskiyar cewa sun fito kai tsaye daga kwakwalwa, suna tsallake igiyar baya. Wato, wadannan jijiyoyin suna fitowa daga kasan kwakwalwar, suna ratsawa ta cikin ramuka dake gindin kwanyar domin isa inda suke. Abin sha'awa, waɗannan jijiyoyin ba kawai suna zuwa yankuna kamar kai ba, har ma Hakanan ana ƙare su zuwa ga ɓangarori kamar wuya ko yankin kirji da ciki.
Ta wannan hanyar zamu iya cewa jijiyoyin kwanyar shine wannan ɓangaren tsarin juyayi wanda ke danganta kwakwalwa tare da tsarin kwanya da na mahaifa. Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa da damuwa na Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarinrin arearfafawa ta hanyar jijiyoyin jijiyoyi.
Rarraba jijiyoyin kwanciya
Lokacin da muke magana game da jijiyoyin kwanyar za mu iya cewa sun kasu biyu-biyu, tunda lokacin barin hagu da dama na kwakwalwa, za a sami wani jijiyar kwanar da za ta bar bangaren dama, daidai gwargwado.
Yaushe zamu je rarraba jijiyoyin jikin mutum dole ne mu rukuni ko rarraba su bisa ga ƙa'idodi biyu da aka sani. Waɗannan su ne: wurin da suka fara da aikin da suke cikawa.
Dangane da matsayinka
Jijiyoyin kwanciya koyaushe suna da alaƙa da adadi na Roman, saboda ita ce hanyar da omenungiyar Noma ta Duniya ta tsara su. Waɗannan lambobin sun fara daga 1 zuwa 12 daidai, a kowane yanayi, zuwa ma'aurata da ake tambaya.
Jijiyoyin kwanyar da suka samo asali:
- A saman ƙwanƙolin ƙwaƙwalwar an san su da biyu Ni da biyu na II.
- Daga tsakiyar kwakwalwa suna nau'i-nau'i III da IV.
- Daga Brainstem Bridge (ko Varolio Bridge) an san su da jijiyoyin cranial V, VI, VII da VIII.
- Daga Medulla oblongata, ana kiransu nau'i-nau'i IX, X, XI da XII.
Dangane da aikinta
- Lokacin da suke cikin aikin azanci, ya kunshi jijiyoyin kwanyar I, II da VIII.
- Idan suna haɗuwa da motsi na ido da fatar ido: III, IV da VI.
- Lokacin da suke farin ciki tare da kunna tsokoki na sassan wuya da harshe: jijiyoyin kwanciya XI da XII.
- Waɗanda ake la'akari da su tare da haɗakar aiki: nau'i-nau'i V, VII, IX da X.
- Lokacin da suke aiki azaman ƙwayoyin cuta na aikin ɓacin rai: III, VII, IX da X.
Nau'o'in jijiyoyin kwanciya da abin da suke yi
Jijiyoyin cranial suna da takamaiman aiki kuma zamu iya samunsu suna aiki suna aiki a sassa daban daban na jiki. Ba a iyakance su ga kai da wuya kawai ba, amma suna ci gaba da aiki har ma da ƙasa. Ga jerin jijiyoyin kwanyar, abin da suke yi, da kuma inda suke.
Maganin Olfactory:
Yana da jijiya mai mahimmanci, wanda ke da alhakin watsawa matsalolin olfactory daga hanci zuwa kwakwalwa. Asalinsa na ainihi ana bayar dashi ta ɗakunan fitilun olf. Yana da jijiyar jiki na jiki kuma an dauke shi mafi ƙarancin jijiyar jiki.
Jiji na gani:
Wannan, kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, shine jijiyar da ke da alhakin jagorantar abubuwa daga ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Ya ƙunshi katako na kwayoyin halittar ganglion na bayan ido, kuma dauke da bayanai zuwa masu daukar hoto a kwakwalwa. Ya samo asali daga diecephalon kuma yayi dace da jijiyar kwanyar II.
Oculomotor jijiya
Wannan ma'auratan suna kula da motsin ido; ita ma tana da alhakin girman ɗalibi. Ya samo asali ne a cikin tsakiya kuma ya dace da jijiyar kwanyar III.
Raunin Trochlear
Jijiya ce tare da motsa jiki da ayyuka masu tayar da hankali, kuma tana da alaƙa da tsoka mai jujjuyawar ido, yana haifar da juyawa ko fita daga ƙwallon ido. Mahallin ya samo asali, kamar yadda yake a na baya, a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, y yayi dace da na IV.
Jijiya ta Trigeminal
Ita ce jijiya mafi girma tsakanin jijiyoyin kwanya, kuma yana aiki da yawa (azanci, motsa jiki da azanci). Aikinta shine kawo bayanai masu mahimmanci a fuska, gudanar da bayanai daga tsokoki na masticatory, tsaurara kunnen kunne, a tsakanin sauran ayyuka. Yana da biyu V.
Abducens jijiya
Wannan jijiyar jikin mutum tana da alaƙa da ido kuma tana da alhakin watsa abubuwa zuwa ga tsokar ido ta ido. Ta wannan hanyar ido zai iya motsawa zuwa kishiyar sashin inda muke da hanci. Ya dace da VI biyu.
Gashin jiki
Hakanan ana ɗauka wannan haɗe-haɗe. Shi ne mai kula da aika abubuwa daban-daban zuwa fuska don haka, ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya samar da ƙirƙirar fuska. Hakanan yana aika sigina zuwa lacrimal da gland. Yayi dace da VII.
Vestibulocochlear jijiya
Hakanan an san shi azaman jijiyoyin jijiya na ji-jiji da jijiyoyin wuya, don haka suka zama vestibulocochlear. Yana da alhakin daidaitawa da daidaitawa a sararin samaniya, da kuma aikin sauraro. Jijiyar jikin ta shine VIII.
Glossopharyngeal jijiya
Tasirin wannan jijiya yana zaune a cikin pharynx da kuma a kan harshe. Yana karɓar bayani daga abubuwan ɗanɗano da bayanan azanci daga pharynx. A lokaci guda yana aiwatar da umarni ga gland na jijiyoyin wuya da wuyansa, sauƙaƙe aikin haɗiyewa da haɗuwa. Ya dace da jijiya na IX.
Vagus jijiya
Wannan jijiyar kuma ana kiranta da pneumogastric. Ya samo asali ne daga medulla oblongata kuma yana haifar da pharynx, esophagus, makoshi, trachea, bronchi, zuciya, ciki, da hanta.
Kamar jijiyar baya, hakan yana tasiri ga aikin haɗiye amma kuma a cikin abin da ke nufin aikawa da watsa sigina zuwa tsarinmu na yau da kullun, kuma har ma yana iya taimakawa cikin abin da ke yana nufin tsarin aikinmu kuma kuma iya iya sarrafa matakan damuwa, ko aika sigina kai tsaye zuwa tsarin tausayinmu, kuma wannan, bi da bi, zuwa visceramu. Jijiyar jikin ta shine X.
Jijiya m
An san shi da ɗayan da "mafi tsarki". Yana da jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki da na jijiyoyi. Yana shigar da sternocleidomastoid kuma don haka yana sanya wuya ya juya zuwa gefen kishiyar, yayin karkatar da kai zuwa gefe. Wannan jijiyar kuma tana bamu damar jefa kan baya, saboda haka zamu iya cewa yana shiga cikin motsin wuya da kafaɗu. Jijiyar jikin ta shine XI.
Hypoglossal jijiya
Jijiya ce ta motsa jiki, kuma kamar ƙwayar cuta da jijiyoyin glossopharyngeal, yana da hannu cikin aikin haɗiye da tsokoki na harshe.