Jini wani abu ne wanda za'a iya sabuntawa wanda yake wani bangare ne na kwayoyin halitta, kuma kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke wani bangare ne na wannan kayan ana samar dasu ne a cikin kashin kashin gaba. Kamar yadda duk muka sani, jini yana cika mahimman ayyuka a cikin ƙwayoyin halittu masu yawa, kamar kariya daga kamuwa da cuta, musayar gas, da rarraba abinci mai gina jiki.
Shin kun san cewa jini yana kunshe da saitin sel a cikin maganin colloidal? Haka ne, jini yana dauke da sinadaran salula wanda ya kunshi galibi fari da jajayen jini, an dakatar da shi a cikin ruwa mai amfani da abinci. Wannan matsakaiciyar ruwan sanannen sanannen jini ne.
Kodayake gabaɗaya muna tunanin wannan ra'ayi ta hanyar duniya baki ɗaya ba tare da yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da su daban ba, gaskiyar ita ce plasma a kanta tana kasancewa wani ɓangaren da ke cika ayyuka da yawa na dacewar aiki da kwayar halitta.
Maanar jini a matsayin bangaren jini
Plasma na jini wani ruwa ne mai yanayin yanayi mai gishiri, mai launin rawaya ko amber, na tasirin translucent, wanda a ciki ne abubuwan da ake kira "siffofin" suka nutse, waɗanda suka zama ɓangaren sel na jini. Ba kawai wannan juzu'i ne na wannan mahimmin ruwa ba, shi ne ma ya fi yawa, tunda shi ne kashi 55% na jimillar jinin.
Babban aikin wannan bangaren shine jigilar abubuwan gina jiki da sharar gida daga matakai masu mahimmanci.
Haɗuwa da jini jini: An gina shi a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa, na yanayin haɗuwa, wanda ya zama kashi 91% na ruwa, da kuma daskararrun da aka dakatar a ciki. An ƙaddara cewa yana da ruwa mai kamanceceniya da ruwa, kodayake ya ɗan fi shi girma, tun da ƙoshin da ke cikin yanzu, kamar su sunadarai, suna tasiri kan danko.
Mafi girman abin da aka narkar dashi ya kunshi sunadarai (8%), daga ciki zamu iya ambata:
- Globulins: An hada su ne a cikin hanta kuma sun zama kwayoyin kariya daga cututtukan cututtuka.
- Fibrinogen: Yin muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarawa, wannan furotin wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na haɓakar plasma.
- Albumins: Suna wakiltar kashi 60% na sunadaran plasma, kamar yadda waɗanda suka gabata suka samo asali daga hanta, kuma aikinsu shi ne aiwatar da jigilar lipids da hormones na steroid. Hakanan ana danganta su da alhakin aiwatarwa irin su matsin lamba, wanda ke da mahimmancin gaske wajen kiyaye daidaiton ruwan da ke shayar da gabobin.
- Lipoproteins. Suna da tasiri na tasiri, suna canza canje-canje na pH a cikin jini.
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci waɗancan abubuwan da suka ƙunshi ƙananan rabo (alamomi), na kusan 1% na jimlar abin da ke cikin jini, amma yana da mahimmanci a san su: carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, enzymes, urea, sodium, potassium da carbonates.
Fitar jini
Abu ne na yau da kullun ka rikitar da plasma ta jini tare da wani ruwa na kundin tsarin mulki daban wanda ake kira serum, tunda duk sun fito ne daga gudan jini, amma, babban banbanci tsakanin su biyun shine hadadden abu, tunda jini jini ne na jini ba tare da daskarewa ba, don haka , yana da tsarin mulki mai gina jiki, yayin da sinadarin jini shine ruwa na jini, don haka babu kayan aiki kamar fibrinogen.
Lokacin da aka debo jini daga jijiyoyin jini, yakan zama na wani gajeren lokaci a yanayin ruwa; Don hana daskarewa daga faruwa, abu ne na yau da kullun a nemi karin abubuwa masu hana yaduwar kwayoyi irin su heparin, sodium citrate, da ethyldiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Bayan haka, jinin da ba shi da daskararre ana daskarewa ta amfani da bututun Wintrobe, wanda kwayoyin halitta ke sauka a kasan bututun.
A matsayin samfurin wannan tsari, mun lura da matakai daban-daban guda uku a cikin bututun: daya mai dauke da launin amber mai yawa (plasma) wanda yake a saman, a tsakiyar zamu sami wani karamin lokacin fari wanda ya kunshi platelet, kuma a kasan, yanayin kwayar halitta wacce ta fi launi mai launi ja.
Amfani da jini
A bangarori daban-daban na magunguna, masana kimiyya sunyi amfani da dukiyar halittar jini don maganin yanayin fata, aikinta a matsayin wakilin daskarewa ya kuma ba da damar ci gaban hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da raunin jini, wanda ya ba su damar inganta ƙimar su. na rayuwa, tunda zasu iya aiwatar da ayyukansu na yau da kullun.
Kwayoyin halitta: Waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin sun dogara ne akan amfani da jini na jini a cikin maganin cututtukan zuciya kamar su hemophilia da ƙarancin kariya. Hakanan an fadada amfani da shi don magance cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
Hanyar ado: Plasma a cikin fata yana motsa fibroblast, wanda ya kunshi wani bangare wanda ke inganta kwalliyarta, kasancewar shine babban bangaren fata, wanda ke kara samar da sinadarin hyaluronic acid, elastin da collagen, wanda ke jinkirta tsufa, kuma wannan yana haifar da raguwa na wrinkles, sagging, da kuma amfani da shi wajen maganin alamomi suma sun yadu. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi ta hanyar kariya, dangane da ƙaramin fata, ko azaman farfadowa cikin tsofaffin fata.
Yin amfani da plasma mai arzikin platelet takamaiman tsari ne, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a ciro shi daga jinin mai haƙuri, ana yin wannan ne don rage haɗarin rashin lafiyar da ƙin jiyya. Hanya ce Hanyar rashin jin zafi da marasa lafiya; ana bukatar minti 45 zuwa 60.
Wannan yanki ya hada da amfani da shi don maganin raunin fata sakamakon konewa.
Jiyya don gwiwa osteoarthritis: Lura da ayyukanta na rage tauri da sabuntawa cikin guringuntsi, an kirkiro hanyoyin kwantar da hankali wanda amfani da jini mai jini ya zama sananne a cikin maganin osteoarthritis a gwiwa, yana lura cewa an fi son murmurewa har zuwa 73% na shari'ar.
Ayyuka na jini jini
Yawancin ayyukanta suna samuwa ne daga aikin sunadaran da ke cikin wannan ruwa. Kasancewarsu cikin matakai da yawa na dacewa a cikin ƙungiyar an bayyana su a ƙasa:
A cikin coagulation: Haɗin gwiwa shine ainihin abin kariya a cikin jiki, wanda daskararren yana samar da danshi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke toshe magudanan jini. Plasma ya shiga cikin wannan aikin, tunda yana ba da gudummawar abubuwa uku waɗanda ke shiga tsakani ta hanya mai mahimmanci, kamar su prothrombin, fibrinogen da ions calcium. A yayin da ake hada jini, prothrombin da calcium ion (Ca ++) suna samar da thrombin, wanda shine furotin da ke da alhakin canza fibrinogen (a aikin hadin gwiwa tare da alli) zuwa filarin da ba za a iya narkewa ba, wanda ya kasance hanyar sadarwa mai fuska uku da ke kama tarkon erythrocytes da leukocytes, asalinsu hakan daskararren fibrin da ƙwayoyin jini, ana kiransu gudan jini.
Kai: Tunda yana ba da izinin jigilar abubuwan gina jiki, gas da ɓarnar da aka samar a cikin hanyoyin rayuwa da na salula. Gabaɗaya, wannan aikin jigilar shine abin da ke inganta musayar abubuwa tsakanin gabobi.
Ayyukan lantarki: Sunadaran Plasma suna da tasiri a yanayi, sabili da haka ana kiyaye su a cikin jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jini, kuma wannan yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan matsawar osmotic. Lokacin da wadannan sunadaran, wadanda sune manyan kwayoyin, basa yaduwa ta cikin wani membrane mai iya wucewa, kasancewar su a wannan matsakaiciyar ya canza yadda ake rarraba kwayoyin ionic. Wannan dukiyar tana tantance rawar da take takawa a cikin tsarin sarrafa wutan lantarki.
Oncotic matsa lamba: Don kula da wannan nau'in matsi na hydrostatic, sunadaran da suka nitse a cikin jini, suna yin tasiri kai tsaye, kamar yadda muka ambata a cikin abin da ya gabata, akan matsin osmotic.. Kuma wannan tasirin yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da aikin waɗannan manyan ƙwayoyin cuta akan hanyoyin jini. Sunadaran suna matsa lamba, saboda motsin ruwa yana faruwa ne ta hanyar dan tudu, ma'ana, ana jagorantar shi daga wani yanki mai matukar karfi zuwa wanda yake karami, saboda haka, ruwan dake jikin mutum koyaushe yana zuwa wurin da yake shine mafi girman hankali na wasu narkar da abu.
Dangane da sunadaran da ke cikin plasma, yana faruwa cewa akwai haɗuwa mafi girma a cikin jini jini fiye da na tsakiyar ruwa (wanda shine wanda ke wanke ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta), wanda ke sa ruwa a cikin wannan ruwan ya karkata shiga don daidaita matsa lamba na ruwa a bangarorin biyu na bangon kwalliya. Ta wannan hanyar, ana kiyaye yawan ruwan jini na mutum da jimillar jinin duka.