Yayin ci gaban bil'adama, mutane da yawa suna da imani daban-daban game da yadda ya samo asali, da kuma yadda rayuwa ta fara a duniya, tare da mutane da yawa suna da sha'awar addini, da kuma wasu da suka yi ilimin kimiyya dangane da bincike, wanda a wasu ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar su ba, kamar yadda a wasu ma an jefar da su a matsayin marasa inganci.
Wannan batun ya kasance cikin rikici mai yawa tsawon shekaru, yana da ƙungiyoyin mabiya a ɓangarorin biyu, saboda akwai wasu da suka yi imani da allahntaka, haka kuma wasu da suke buƙatar komai don samun bayani da kuma dalili don neman ma'ana.
da imani da ka'idojin asalin rayuwa, waɗanda addinai ke jagoranta su ne mafi tsufa, tun da ma wayewar kai kamar Masarawa, Farisawa, Romawa, Aztec, da sauransu, sun kasance masu bin alloli ne masu aminci, waɗanda ke da alhakin ba su duk abin da duniya za ta ba su, kuma ko da rayuwar kanta, kodayake akwai kuma har yanzu a yau ana iya kiyaye addinai marasa iyaka, tare da akidu mabambanta, duk sun kai matsayin daya wanda wani allahntaka da dukkan mai karfi shi ne wanda ya fara duniya da halittar rayuwa.
A daya bangaren kuma, wadanda suka karkata zuwa ga kimiyya, suna bincika cikin abubuwan tarihin dukkan abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin da duniya take raye, har suka kai ga matsaya daban-daban, wadanda masana kimiyya daban-daban suka gabatar, wadanda suka kai ga ba da labarin cewa Mai yiyuwa ne rayuwa kamar yadda muka santa a yau, ta fito daga wani wuri daban da duniyar duniya, kuma a can ne ta sami damar ci gaba da jujjuyawa.
Duk da cewa da yawa daga cikin wadannan ra'ayoyin an watsar dasu ne saboda basu tabbatar da hakan ba, sannan kuma sun nuna cewa wasu lamura basu yarda da ci gaban wasu halittu ba, har yanzu masana kimiyya suna binciken yadda wanzuwar irin wannan rayuwa mai daraja ta samo asali.
Daya daga cikin ka'idojin rayuwa da suka haifar da rikici shine na juyin halitta, wanda yayi bayanin cewa mutane sun fito ne daga dabbobi masu asali, wanda yake nufin cewa mutane masu imani da addini da kuma cibiyoyi iri daya sun damu, saboda kasancewar A cewarsu, an halicci mutum a cikin Siffar Ubangiji, wanda suka ɗauka a matsayin cin fuska don ƙoƙarin cewa sun fito daga dabba.
Ka'idojin da suka fi dacewa game da asalin rayuwa a cikin dukkanin tarihin bil'adama ana iya kasu gida biyu, kamar yadda muka gani a baya, wadanda suka yi imani da addini da kuma na kimiyya, wadanda ke da hanyoyi daban-daban na tunani, kuma su kansu su ne rabe cikin nau'ikan ka'idoji daban-daban.
Ka'idoji bisa ga imanin kimiyya
Daga cikin tunanin manyan masana kimiyya, ra'ayoyi daban-daban na yadda aka halicci rayuwa an ƙaddara, daga cikin waɗanda za a ambata waɗanda suka fi dacewa:
Big bang ka'idar
Wannan ka'idar ita ce mafi dacewa a fagen ilimin kimiya wanda wasu muhimman mutane kamar su Albert Einstein suka shiga ciki, wadanda suka bayar da babbar gudummawa tare da ka'idarsa ta dangantaka.
Wannan ya kunshi kusan shekaru miliyan 13.800 da suka shude, dukkan al'amura sun hadu sosai wuri daya, wanda kadan ne, idan ba zato ba tsammani saboda wasu dalilai, sai yayi zafi ta yadda zai fashe, ya bazu kan wani yanki mai nisa da ke samar da gajimare -kungiyoyi da kwayoyin halitta, wadanda daga baya, yayin da suke sanyaya, suka samar da halittun samaniya, duniyoyi da sauransu.
Wannan ka'idar tana cewa duniya tana fadada koyaushe, Don haka kowane minti da ya wuce, za a iya cewa akwai yiwuwar ƙirƙirar sabuwar rayuwa, tunda ta ƙunshi atom da ƙwayoyin da ke shawagi a cikin sararin samaniya.
Sabuwar ka'idar asali
Wannan masaniyar wani malamin kimiyya ne a jami'ar Heidelberg da ke kasar Jamus, wanda tunaninshi ya ce halittar rayuwa ba godiya ga wani mummunan fashewa ba, kamar yadda ka'idar Big Bang ta bayyana, amma hakan ya faru ne bayan dogon lokaci na cikakken daskarewa ta duk duniya, don ɗaukar zafin jiki wanda ya dace da asalin rayuwa.
Ka'idar tsara kwatsam
Dadadden imani ne, cewa hatta wayewa irin ta Mayan sun yi imani, wanda ke cewa kowane mai rai yana zuwa ne daga wasu kwayoyin halitta ko kuma wadanda basu dace ba, har ma daga cakuda duka, wanda a ciki ake tunanin cewa kwari sun fito ne daga taki ko kuma daga shara. , beraye sun fito ne daga takarda ko kwali, da agwagwa daga wasu fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Wannan ka'idar ta sami goyan bayan shahararrun mutane da yawa, kamar Aristotle, kodayake daga baya a karni na sha bakwai da ka'idar biogenesis wanda ya ce rayayyun halittu sun fito ne kawai daga wasu halittu masu rai, amma sai a karni na sha tara ne aka yi watsi da wannan ka'idar ta asalin rayuwa.
Ka'idar Panspermia
Wannan ka'ida ce wacce take da asalin abin da ta yi imani da ita, cewa rayuwa a duniya ba 'yar asalin kanta ba ce, amma rayuwa ce ta kasashen waje, wanda meteorites da comets suka yi ta jigilarsa zuwa sararin samaniya har sai da ta kai kasa.
An kira shi da ka'idar rikici, Domin ya ce wadannan kwayoyin sun iya jure yanayin yanayin tsananin rashin tasirin sararin samaniya, da kuma tsananin zafin da kowane jiki ke gabatarwa yayin shigarsa da sashin farko na duniya.
Anyi watsi da wannan ka'idar saboda bata da wadatacciyar shaidar cewa kananan kwayoyin halitta tare da halayen da aka bayyana a sama sun wanzu.
Mabiya wannan ka'idar sun kasu kashi biyu, wadanda suke da'awar cewa kananan kwayoyin halitta da gangan aka nufa dasu zuwa kasa, da kuma wadanda suka ce ta dabi'a ce.
- Panspermia da aka jagoranta ya tabbatar da cewa halittu masu hankali daga sauran duniyoyin da aka aiko kwayoyin halitta wadanda zasu iya rayuwa a cikin meteorites da nufin tabbatarwa idan yankin ya dace da rayuwa.
- Kuma na dabi'a ya dogara ne akan sauki, ma'ana, ta hanyar sa'a ko kuma ta hanyar kaddara kananan kwayoyin halittar da suke da karfin halitta rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a yau sun iso.
Ka'idar bisa imanin addini
Daga cikin addinai daban-daban da za a iya lura da su a duk duniya, akwai akidu daban-daban, tun da suna da yawa sosai, amma daga cikin sanannun sanannun ka'idar halittar, wacce ana iya kiyaye ta a cikin lamura daban-daban da yawa kamar halitta a cewar Mayan.
Halitta
Wannan yana dogara ne akan Farawa sura da aka bayyana a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki, a cikin abin da yake cewa an halicci duniya a cikin kwanaki 7 ta wata mahallin rarrabuwa da ake kira Allah, wanda a ranar farko ta aikinsa don ƙirƙirar wanzuwar, ya keɓe kansa ga sammai da tekun da za su mamaye duniya duka, kuma daga baya a na biyu don keɓewa ga hasken da ya bayar da tsabta, da kuma zuwa duhu.
Alamomin farko na rayuwa da aka gani a wannan mahanga ta asalin rayuwa, sun kasance a mataki na uku da Allah ya dauka, wanda shi ne halittar tsirrai, sannan a rana ta hudu ya halicci rana wacce kawai za ta kasance a ranar da wata wanda zai haskaka duhun dare.
Kifi da tsuntsaye za su sami lokacin su, tuni a rana ta biyar, wanda zai zauna cikin sammai da tekuna da aka halitta a rana ta farko, kuma ta haka ne a rana ta shida zai halicci halittun da za su zauna a duniya, daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan da yawa, kamar dabbobi masu shayarwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe, amphibians da sauransu, halittar mutum tare dasu.
Kodayake kawai na kirkiro wani mutum ne, wanda sunan sa Adam, bayan na ga sauran dabbobi Allah ya fahimci yana bukatar abokan aiki, don haka ya sanya shi barci ya kuma cire masa wasu hakarkarinsa, wanda da shi ya kirkiro mace, mai suna Eva, wadanda suke waɗanda suka zauna a ƙasar allahntaka, da aka sani da aljanna.
Bayan wannan, akwai ra'ayoyin kirkirar al'adun gargajiya kamar su Mayan, Masarawa, Helenawa, da sauransu, waɗanda ke da tatsuniyoyi tare da gumaka daban-daban, waɗanda aka saba ba wa sojojin yanayi, wanda kowannensu ke da alhakin halittar ta wata hanyar girmamawa.
Kodayake ilimin kimiyya da na addini ba su yarda ba, amma an ƙaddara cewa masana kimiyya sun dogara da tatsuniyoyi da yawa daga wayewa daban-daban don tallafawa tunaninsu, suna zama jagora don yin su.
Kazalika babban rikici, game da koyar da yara a makarantu, saboda a cikin shekarun ƙarshe na ƙarni na XNUMX, addini yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma babban umurnin waɗannan, ya ce wasu ra'ayoyin ba su dace a koyar da su ga al'ummomi masu zuwa ba.
A halin yanzu wadannan ka’idojin asalin rayuwa suna da matukar muhimmanci ga binciken ilmin halitta, kuma su ne tushe na asali na nazarin dan Adam.