Magnetization ko kuma wanda ake kira magnetization ko magnetization, ya zama tsari ne daga lokacin da magnetic dipole na wani abu yake tare da halaye da aka ƙaddara don shi, ana daidaita su. Tsari ne da ake aiwatar dashi don ƙirƙirar magnetic abubuwa zuwa ƙarfe ko sandar ƙarfe, kawai don canja kaddarorin maganadisu zuwa wani ɓangaren da ya karɓe su, yana ba da kaddarorin maganadisu ga abin da aka faɗi ko abu, sannan jawo wannan zuwa wasu abubuwa kamar yana da maganadisu
Amma menene maganadisu?
Magnet ma'adinai ne wanda yake faruwa ta hanyar hada oxygen tare da sauki ko kuma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a matakin farko na hadawan abu da kuma sesquioxide na baƙin ƙarfe wanda asalinsa shine jan hankalin ƙarafa kamar ƙarfe, nickel, cobalt, saboda an halicci wani maganadisu a kewayensa.
Abun ko maganadisu yana da sandunan maganadisu guda biyu mabanbanta ko na adawa, wadannan zamu kira arewa da kudu, don kiransu ta hanyar magana ko kuma sanannen hanya kuma sakamakon hangen nesansu zuwa ga iyakar duniyar tamu.
Me yasa Abubuwa ke jan hankali?
Lokacin da sandunan maganadisu suka kusanto, wani nau'in abin ƙyama ta atomatik yana faruwa, tunda ana haifar da jan hankali tsakanin sandunan akasin haka. Wadannan kayan, wadanda aka canza su zuwa maganadisu, galibi suna da fasali mai dauke da sanduna a karshen ko kuma suma suna da siffar kofaton kafa na gargajiya.
Wannan al'amarin na maganadiso na iya daukar nau'uka da yawa, yana iya zama wutar lantarki a cikin madugu ko ƙwayoyin da ke motsawa ta sararin samaniya, ko kuma motsi na lantarki a cikin tsarin atom. Jikin jikin ya kunshi abubuwa guda uku: proton, electrons, da kuma neutron. Electron maganadisu maganadisu ne kuma hakane, cewa a jikin wadannan abubuwa suna warwatse a duk fadadarsu kuma suna iya aiwatar da ayyukansu da tasirinsu ta hanyar halitta.
Shin duk kayan suna da wannan kayan?
Dangane da gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar, yawancin kayan aikin da muke hulɗa dasu suna da girma ko ƙasa da yiwuwar jan hankali ko samun jan hankali, ba shakka a cikin wannan nau'ikan kayan, karafa suna da mafi girma da tasiri sosai fiye da misali , wanda yake da kayan roba.
Akwai kayan aiki kamar su iron, cobalt, nickel wadanda suke da alamun maganadisu sosai, idan muka kawo su kusa da maganadisu, zamu ga hakan nan take bangaren karfe zai hade shi, Wannan ita ce mafi sauki zanga-zangar da za mu iya sani. Duk kayan suna da abubuwan maganadisu zuwa wani mataki. Ta hanyar sanya abu a cikin wani yanki mara kyau, yana da jan hankali ko tunkuɗeshi ta hanyar ɗan tudu na wannan filin. Wannan dukiyar tana dauke da yanayin karfin maganadisu wanda ya danganta da yanayin maganadisu da yake.
Wannan maganadisu zai dogara ne da girman lokutan juzu'i na atoms a cikin wani abu da kuma matakin da lokutan dipole suke hade da juna. Anan zamu iya ambaton baƙin ƙarfe, wanda yake da shi ko yake nuna alamun alamun maganadisu sosai, saboda daidaitawar lokacin maganadisu na atom nasa wasu yankuna da ake kira "Domains".
Akwai allo na Boron, ƙarfe da neodymium, (NdFeB), waɗanda suke da wuraren aikinsu daidai kuma ana amfani dasu don yin maganadiso na dindindin. Magarfin maganadisu mai ƙarfi wanda aka samar da maganadisu mai kaurin milimita uku wanda aka yi shi da wannan abu yana daidai da electromagnet wanda aka yi shi daga madauki na jan ƙarfe wanda ke ɗauke da amperes dubu da yawa. Idan aka kwatanta, halin yanzu a cikin kwan fitila mai haske shine 0,5 amps.
Magnetic Lokacin
Magnetisation M na jiki yana faruwa ne ta hanyar zagawar igiyar lantarki ko lokacin atomatik na maganadisu, kuma an bayyana shi azaman lokacin maganadisu ta kowace ƙungiyar ƙarar irin wannan igiyar ko lokacin. A cikin tsarin mks (SI) na raka'a, ana auna M cikin webers ta kowace murabba'in mita.
A wani bangaren kuma, ya zama dole a san tasirin da maganadis yake da shi a jikin kayan abubuwa, wanda daga ciki zamu iya ambatonsa: juriya ta lantarki, takamaiman zafi da tashin hankali.
Magnetic filin
Abin da ke nuna cewa akwai maganadisu shine karfin da ake yi akan wadancan tuhume-tuhumen da suke aiki, wannan karfin yana karkatar da kwayar ba tare da canza saurin su ba.
Ana iya lura da wannan misali a cikin juzu'i a cikin allurar kompas wanda ke aiki don daidaita allurar tare da magnetic filin duniya, ya ce allura baƙin ƙarfe ne na bakin ciki wanda aka maganadeshi. Extremeaya daga cikin matsananci ana kiransa sau da yawa sandar arewa da sauran iyakar kudu, saboda haka karfi tsakanin sandunan biyu abun birgewa ne, yayin da karfi tsakanin irin wadannan sandunan abin kyama ne.
Halaye na cmagnetic filin
Ana iya kiran filin maganaɗis da Magnetic Flux Density ko Magnetic Induction, kuma harafin zai kasance koyaushe alama ta harafin B. Babban dukiyar filin maganaɗisu shine jujjuyawar sa ta kowane rufin rufin yana ɓacewa. (Rufin rufaffen yanayi shine wanda ke kewaye da ƙarar gaba ɗaya.) Ana bayyana wannan ta hanyar lissafi ta div B = 0 kuma ana iya fahimta ta zahiri dangane da layukan filin da ke wakiltar B.
Ana auna filayen maganadisu a raka'a tesla (T). (Wani ma'aunin ma'auni na ma'auni na B shine gauss, kodayake ba'a ƙara ɗaukarsa a matsayin ma'auni na yau da kullun ba. Gaaya gauss yayi daidai da 10-4 teslas).
A wannan ma'anar, filin maganaɗis ya banbanta da filin lantarki. Layin filin lantarki na iya farawa da ƙare tare da caji.
Mafi sanannun tushen maganadisu shine kewayen lantarki. Zai iya zama wutar lantarki a cikin madaidaiciyar madugu ko motsi na lantarki mai kewaya a cikin atom. Haɗa tare da nau'ikan madaukai guda biyu lokaci ne mai ƙarfin magnetic, wanda ƙimarsa ita ce iA, samfurin na yanzu da yankin madauki A.
Hakanan, electrons, proton, da neutron a cikin atoms suna da wani hade magnetic dipole tare da karkatacciyar murɗinta; Irin waɗannan lokutan magnetic dipole suna wakiltar wani mahimmin tushe na magnetic filayen.
Wani kwayar zarra tare da lokacin magnetic dipole ana kiranta sau da yawa magnetic dipole. (Ana iya yin tunanin magnetic dipole a matsayin ƙaramin maganadisu. Yana da filin maganadisu daidai da waccan maganadisu kuma yana aiki iri ɗaya a cikin sassan maganadisu na waje.)
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin filin maganadisu na waje, ana iya haɗa dileto magnetic zuwa karfin juzu'i wanda yake son daidaita shi da filin; idan filin waje bai zama iri ɗaya ba, za a iya sa dipola da ƙarfi.
Hanyoyin Magnetization
Kai tsaye lamba:
An fi amfani da shi, kawai shafa ƙarshen ƙarshen kayan, ko ƙarfe ko ƙarfe tare da ɗayan sandunan maganadisu, yayin shafa ɗayan ƙarshen da ɗayan sandar. Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa ana iya nuna wannan a saukake, dole ne kuma mu san cewa daban Magnetic kayan suna bukatar kuzari daban-daban na magnetization, don haka yana da mahimmanci a san adadin kuzarin da ake buƙata don cikakken cika maganadisu yayin wannan aikin.
Shigar da hankali:
An kusanci ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe ko sandunan ƙarfe zuwa magnet mai ƙarfin gaske, sannan kebul ya sami rauni a kan wani baƙin ƙarfe, abin da muke kira “dunƙule”. jawo ƙananan ƙwayoyin zuwa maganadiso. Wajibi ne a bayyana cewa abin jan hankali yana faruwa ne kawai yayin da wutar lantarki ke motsi.
Waɗannan layuka koyaushe suna rufe kansu, don haka idan sun shiga cikin wani juzu'i a wani lokaci, dole ne su bar wannan sigar shima. A wannan ma'anar, yanayin maganaɗisu ya sha bamban da na lantarki. Layin filin lantarki na iya farawa da ƙare tare da caji.