An tsara kiɗa bisa al'ada, komai irin kiɗa wanda aka yi nuni zuwa gareshi, kamar fasaha na haɗa sauti da nutsuwa tare da takamaiman tsari, waƙa da kari, a cikin bincike na dindindin don jin daɗin rayuwa kuma tasirin motsin rai da ruhun marubucin da waɗanda ke raba dandano mai ƙayatarwa. . Shaidun kasancewar sa da asalin su sun koma tarihi, kodayake wa zai iya tunanin duniya ba tare da kiɗa ba? Kodayake ba za a iya tabbatar da asalinsa da tabbaci ba, an yi imanin cewa ana iya samun farkonsa ta hanyar kwaikwayon mutum, na sautukan yanayi, rairayin tsuntsaye, raƙuman ruwa na teku, sautin iska., da sauransu.
Kiɗa samfurin gargajiya ne kamar duk alamun fasaha Kuma a cikin juyin halitta mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi, ana iya cewa waƙa ita ce nuna juyayi da motsin rai a cikin bincike na yau da kullun don farkawar ƙoshin lafiya a cikin masu tattaunawa wanda ke haifar da jin daɗi da gamsuwa ta hanyar ɗaga jin daɗin zuwa matakan. wahalar tantancewa da aunawa. Tunda kide-kide kayan gargajiya ne wadanda sa baki da kuma nuna abubuwa da yawa a bayyane suke, abu ne mai sauki a fahimci dalilin da yasa nau'ikan kide-kide suke da yawa kuma suka banbanta kamar yadda ake rabe-rabensu da ka'idojin aikinsu.
Rarraba kiɗa
Kiɗa yare ne na duniya, wanda ya wuce shingen bambance-bambancen al'adu, yare, tsakanin wasu abubuwan da yawa waɗanda zamu iya amfani dasu yayin kafa rarrabuwa wanda zai bamu damar kyakkyawan tsari da nazarin wannan fasahar, bari mu ga wasu sharuɗɗan da aka fi dacewa da karɓa lokacin rarraba nau'ikan kiɗa.
Asalin asalin ƙasa
Abubuwan yanayi da al'adu suna yin tasiri sananne a kan haɓakar halayyar kiɗa ta wata kabila ko ƙungiyar jama'a.
- Girka, a Girka yana da asalin nau'ikan kiɗan yamma. Wannan garin yana da mahimmin wuri a cikin tsofaffin tarihin kiɗa
- Jamhuriyar Dominican A cikin wannan yankin na Caribbean wakilin jinsin yana da meringue, yana da irin kiɗa Rawa mai rawa wanda daga baya ya yadu zuwa wasu yankuna tare da nasa nau'ikan yankin da ke karɓar bakuncin ta.
- Asia A wannan yankin salon kide-kide wanda aka kera shi ya fi yawa, ana nuna shi ta hanyar nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙoƙi masu mahimmanci.
- Latin Amurka Kiɗan Latin Amurka yana da wadatar gaske, yana da faɗi da banbanci, kamar yadda kusan a kusan dukkanin yankuna nau'ukan sun samo asali ne game da takamaiman al'adu, al'adu da abubuwan da suka faru. A cikin wannan yankin mun sami: Salsa, Merengue, Gargajiya, Cumbia, Vallenato, Ranchera, Northern Band, Tango, Flamenco, Latin Jazz, Samba, Pagode, Sertanejo, da Rock in Spanish
- Amurka nau'ikan kide-kide da suka fi yaduwa a wannan yankin sune: Jazz. Kiɗa na ƙasa, Rhythm da Blues da Rock. Techno wani nau'in kiɗa ne na lantarki wanda ya fito a cikin Detroit, Amurka, a tsakiyar shekarun tamanin.
- Cuba Salsa wani nau'in kiɗa ne, kari shi ne al'adun musika waɗanda mawaƙa na asalin Kyuba suka haɓaka. Kamar yadda aka tsara shi ya kunshi abubuwa da yawa tun da salsa shine asalin da hada wasu nau'ikan kide-kide da yawa: rawa, contradanza, da danzón, da guaracha, da guaguancó, da mambo, da chachachá da dan montuno.
- Japan Tare da zuwan addinin Buddah an kafa wasu nau'ikan kiɗa a Japan. Wannan shine yadda muke samun Bugaku, sunan da aka ba kiɗan da ke rakiyar wasu raye-raye. Shinto shine kiɗan addini da Kagen wanda shine nau'ikan kiɗa ba tare da takamaiman dalili ba shine kawai kiɗa don jin daɗin yin da jin kiɗa.
Dangane da Aikinta
Kiɗa azaman gaskiyar al'adar ta samo asali ne game da ayyukan ɗan adam, don haka a cikin wannan rukunin mun sami nau'ikan da ke tafe:
- Na addini Waƙa ce da aka tsara musamman don rakiyar hidimomin addini ko bukukuwa. An shirya shi ne bisa buƙatu da buƙatun litattafan ko na masu bi ko masu aikata wani addini ko kuma tsafi.
- Rashin gaskiya. Wannan rarrabuwa ya kunshi dukkan kide kide da aka tsara don ayyukan mutane daban daban ba tare da wata alaka da kowane irin imani na imani ba.
Dangane da sautin yana nufin amfani.
Dangane da sautin da ake amfani da shi, ana iya rarraba kiɗa zuwa nau'ikan biyu: murya, kayan kida da kayan kaɗa.
- Wakar murya. A wannan rukuni mun sami kiɗan da muryar ke yin ta musamman. Ayyukan kiɗa ko ɓangaren da muryar ɗan adam ke yi, ba tare da rakiyar kayan aiki ba, ana kiran su "cappella". A wannan halin mutum ɗaya ne zai iya yin aikin, kuma a wannan yanayin ana kiran mai yin soloist, ko kuma za a iya rera ta ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa ko rukuni na mutane waɗanda ke fassara duk muryoyin a cikin sautin ɗaya a cikin "haɗin kai". da layin waƙoƙi ko a cikin tsarin polyphonic, a cikin bambance-bambancen karatu, gabaɗaya 1/8 a sikelin kiɗa iri ɗaya, da sautin tare da bambancin bambancin daga layin karin waƙoƙin.
- Kayan kiɗa A cikin wannan nau'in muna samun nau'in kiɗan da ake yi musamman da kayan kida. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan aikin ta kayan aiki guda ɗaya, kuma a wannan yanayin muna magana ne game da "soloist" ko ana iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar mai fassara sama da ɗaya, tare da nau'in kayan aiki iri ɗaya ko kuma tare da nau'ikan kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda suke yin juna aikin haɗin kai.
- Kiɗa-kayan kiɗa Yana da nau'ikan kiɗa waɗanda haɗakar muryoyi da kayan kida ke ƙidaya don aiwatarwa.
A cewar jama'a wanda aka kai shi
Kamar yadda kiɗa hujja ce ta al'adu, wanda aka samo asali daga bayyanannun zane-zane, ɗaukewarta yana da alamun halaye na ƙungiyoyin mutane waɗanda suka ƙirƙira shi, suna daidaita shi da mahimman manufofinsa. Don haka bisa ga wannan ma'aunin zamu sami:
- Jama'a ko sanannen kiɗa Wannan nau'in an haife shi ne sanadiyyar shahararren bayyanuwa, asalin aikinta, wanda ke nuna gaskiya cikin kowane aiki. Don haka, daga rubutu ko wasika zuwa nau'ikan kiɗan, sun tashi ne sakamakon sanadin sanannen idiosyncrasy. Ya haɗa da ayyukanda suka taso akan lokaci kuma waɗanda aka adana azaman bayyane na gargajiya. A cikin wannan nau'in, mutane sune mahalicci, mai tsarawa da kuma ba da tabbacin kiyayewarsa, wanda aka samu ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa ana watsa shi daga tsara zuwa tsara.
- Kiɗan Cult a cikin wannan rukuni mun sami duk wayewa, koyo, ilimi ko zaɓar kiɗa. Wannan nau'in ana iya yin nazarin shi da kowane irin ka'idoji, kyakkyawa, da kuma tsarin tsari. Ya ƙunshi dogon lokaci na nazari da rubuce rubuce, kuma masu yin tawilinsa suna shan aiki mai tsauri mai tsauri don samun damar aiwatar da shi.
- Mashahurin kiɗa saitin salon kiɗa ne wanda ba'a gano shi ba tare da takamaiman kasashe ko kabilu. Ayyukan wakilinsa suna da alaƙa da sauƙinsu da gajeren lokaci kuma kasancewar gabaɗaya an haɗa su cikin sauƙin sifofin kiɗa. Ba ya buƙatar babban matakin horo na kiɗa don aiwatarwa kuma ana tallata shi da watsa shi saboda kafofin watsa labarai.
- Waƙar lantarki: Wannan irin kiɗan ya taso ne daga shekaru casa'in, wannan nau'ikan ya dogara ne, kamar yadda sunan yake, kawai akan sautunan lantarki da aka kirkira a dakin gwaje-gwaje
- Kiɗa bisa ga lokacin tarihi. A cikin wannan rarrabuwa mun sami guda rgabatarwa na lokutan tarihi tare da kyawawan halaye a cikin kowannensu ya tashi, bayyanuwar kiɗa, bayyanar rayuwa da jin lokacin. Wannan shine yadda muke samun:
- Tsoho ko na da (1000 zuwa 1400)
- Renaissance (1400 zuwa 1600) wannan lokacin tarihin yana tattare da sakewar surar mutum wanda ya sake bayyana daga gamuwarsa da tsohuwar kuma ya danganta wa kansa sabon ƙarfi da fasaha. Kiɗan wannan lokacin yana da alamun polyphony da counterpoint.
- Baroque (1600-1750) ya samo asali ne daga amfani da sautunan mawuyacin hali maimakon polyphony da counterpoint
- Kayan gargajiya (1750-1800) wani nau'in salo ne wanda yake saita sabbin ka'idoji cikin tsari da tsari. A wannan lokacin harpsichord ya ɓace kuma piano ya bayyana
- Kalaman soyayya (1800-1910) kida ya zama sananne a matsayin wani bangare na aikin al'adu, an karfafa kirkirar cibiyoyin koyar da kide kide (Conservatories)
- Zamani Centuryarni na XNUMX ya ƙunshi post-romantic, na zamani, da na zamani.