Kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, duk rayayyun halittu a duniya ba kawai masu iyawa bane, amma kuma muna buƙatar numfashi. Abu ne mai mahimmanci don kiyaye rayuwa, kuma ba tare da la'akari da cewa kai ɗan adam bane, amphibian, dabba ko tsire-tsire, zaka buƙaci, ta wata hanyar ko kuma wata daban, ka sha iska.
Numfashi na huhu shine matsakaici ta abin da mutane, da kuma mafi yawan dabbobi, suna samun iskar oxygen da suke bukatar su zauna cakan rayuwa. Muna shaƙa da shaƙar iskar gas daga mahalli ta hanyar faɗaɗa huhunmu. Numfashi mai daukar hoto shine abinda muka sani ta hanyar shuke-shuke, wanda bayan sun aiwatar dashi yana samar da wani bangare na iskar oxygen da muke bukatar rayuwa.
Numfashin fata, a halin yanzu, ana nufin ne don nau'ikan amphibians da annelids. Kuma an san shi azaman tsari wanda iskar gas ke ratsa cikin cikin fata da kuma bada izinin shan iskar oxygen. Duk cikin wannan sakon zamu kara koyon wasu abubuwa game da wannan numfashi; Menene dabbobi ko jinsunan da zasu iya samun sa, yadda yake aiki da kuma menene manyan halayen da yake dasu, numfashin fata.
Menene ma'anar ku?
Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, wannan wani nau'in numfashi ne ta cikin fata, wanda ke faruwa a mafi yawan nau'ikan amphibian, na annelids da kuma na wasu echinoderms. Don wannan nau'in numfashi yana da mahimmanci a rarrabe haɗin jikin, wanda ke daidaita tsarin numfashi. Fata, a nata bangaren, wacce ita ce hanyar da za a yi musayar iskar gas, dole ne ta zama siririya, mai danshi sosai, kuma a lokaci guda a shayar da muhallin dabbar da ake magana a kanta.
Wannan musayar iskar gas din wacce ake aiwatar da ita ana aiwatar da ita ta hanyar epidermis, matukar dai cuticle na waje yana da kyau.
Dabbobin da ke da ikon numfashi na cutan gabaɗaya suna rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai laima ko kuma a cikin yanayin ruwa, tunda wannan numfashin zai yi tasiri a cikin waɗannan mahalli kawai.. Wasu dabbobin da ke da irin wannan numfashin su jellyfish ne, anemones, wasu toads da frogs, tsutsotsi ƙasa da wasu kaɗan.
Yaya ake gudanar da numfashi na fata?
Numfashi mai cutarwa, tare da gill, tracheal da numfashi, na ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan numfashi huɗu da dabbobi zasu iya haɓaka. Ana ba da wannan numfashin a lokacin da musayar gas yana gudana ta hanyar na fata ko na wasu yankuna kamar su kogon bakin ko a cikin ramuka na ciki waɗanda idan aka cika su da ruwa, to abin da ake kira huhun cikin ruwa.
Amphibians, lokacin da suka wuce matakin farko, suna da ikon numfasawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa ta gill ɗin da suka mallaka kawai a wannan matakin ci gaban su.
Da zarar sun samu balaguron da ya balaga ya fara ɓacewa kuma amphibians suna haɓaka huhu wanda ke basu damar yin numfashi a ƙasa. Koda hakane, suna iya aiwatar da numfashi na cutane, tunda suna da siraran siririn fata, da kuma kayan fata wanda aka lalata su sosai kuma hakan yana basu damar daukar oxygen a jikinsu ta jini.
Menene abubuwanda dole ne ya kasance don ya faru?
Don aiwatar da wannan aikin yadda ya kamata yana da mahimmanci dabba na da fata mai laushi da siriri, wanda ke ba da damar iskar oxygen cikin jiki ta cikin jini. Mutane da yawancin dabbobi basa iya aiwatar da wannan nau'in numfashi tunda fatarsu ta yi kauri sosai fiye da yadda ake buƙata, kuma a wasu lokuta ma tsaurara ne don cimma numfashi mai cutarwa.
Fatar dabbar dole ne ta sami kaso mai tsoka na tuntuɓar waje da ƙaramin aiki na rayuwa. Dangane da wannan, a cikin wasu amphibians fata na da ƙananan ƙyallen fata wacce ke ba su damar haɓaka saman da aka fallasa don musanya iskar gas da kyau.
Idan muka yi magana game da batun amphibians, numfashin numfashi yana rufe kashi 2% kawai na isowar iskar oksijin da ake samarwa, yayin da batun jemage, chiropterans, wannan numfashin yana dauke da 20% na iskar oxygen din da suke karba, tunda fatarta tana da fadi sosai kuma sirara kuma tana rufe gabobin thoracic, saboda haka ana kara girman fatar da aka fallasa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, a cikin yawancin dabbobi da ke da wannan nau'in numfashi, yana faruwa ne a matsayin ɓangare na huɗu biyu. Kamar yadda yake a yanayin amphibians da jemagu, cewa duk da cewa zasu iya yin numfashi na cutaneous, amma kuma suna da numfashi na huhu.
Numfashi na fata a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban
Akwai jinsuna a yau da basu da huhu, amma har yanzu suna iya numfashi ta wannan numfashi. A lokaci guda, akwai nau'ikan da ke ɗaukar shi azaman dacewar wani numfashi, tunda suna iya aiwatar da duka biyun don su rayu. Yanzu zamu san yadda numfashin fatar ke aiwatarwa a cikin jinsuna daban-daban.
Ambiyawa
A yawancin amphibians ana daidaita fata don wannan nau'in numfashi, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu ba su da huhu wanda zai basu damar daukar wasu nau'ikan numfashi. Idan muka dauki misali wanda ake kira da karfi salamander Zamu iya ganin cewa wannan nau'in na amphibians bashi da cikakken huhu; duk da haka an lasafta shi a matsayin mafi yawan nau'in salamander a duniya.
Yayinda amphibians ke nitse cikin ruwa, numfashi yana gudana ta cikin fatarsu. Wannan membrane mai laushi ne ta hanyar da iska ke iya yadawa da motsawa daga jijiyoyin jini zuwa duk abin da ke kewaye da su.
Hakanan akwai lokuta na amphibians waɗanda ke numfasawa ta cikin kwazazzabo, da wanzuwar abin da ake kira toads hamada waɗanda suke da bushewar fata. A waɗannan yanayin wannan nau'in numfashi ba zai yiwu ba.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa
Dabbobi masu shayarwa galibi nau'ikan halittu ne masu zafi, wanda aka fi sani da suna mai ɗumi-ɗumi. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da ƙarfin kumburi na rayuwa fiye da waɗanda ake kira masu jinin-sanyi.
Hakanan, fatar wadannan dabbobi, kamar yadda aka ambata, abu ne mai wahala kuma a lokuta da dama mai kiba ne, wanda baya bari, a mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, numfashin fata mai yuwuwa. Koyaya, akwai wasu waɗanda zasu iya aiwatar da shi, amma a zahiri sune ƙananan kaso na yawan jama'a.
Jemage suna iya ɗaukar kashi 20% na oxygen da suke buƙata don rayuwa ta cikin fata, yayin da ɗan adam ke iya ɗaukar 1% na iskar oxygen da ake buƙata don rayuwarsa, wanda ba zai ba su damar rayuwa da irin wannan numfashin ba kawai .
dabbobi masu rarrafe
Saboda fatarsu kusan gaba ɗaya tana da sikeli, ƙwarin dabbobi masu rarrafe na aiwatar da wannan nau'in numfashi yana raguwa ƙwarai. Koyaya, za a iya samun wani nau'in musayar gas tsakanin ma'auni, ko a waɗancan wuraren da ma'aunin sikeli ke ƙasa.
A waɗancan lokutan na shakku a cikin ruwa, wasu kunkuru sun dogara da numfashin fatar da ke kewaye da cloaca don su rayu wannan lokacin.
Wasu macizan tekun, a gefe guda, suna iya aiwatar da musayar iskar gas don sha kusan kashi 30% na iskar oxygen da jikinsu ke buƙata don rayuwa. Wannan ya zama mahimmanci a gare su idan suna buƙatar nutsewa cikin ruwa. Zasu iya yin hakan ta hanyar rage yawan jinin da yake samar wa huhu da kuma ba shi umarni don samar da abubuwan da ke cikin fata.
Kifi
Irin wannan numfashin yana samun wuri a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan kifaye a duniya, walau na ruwa ko na ruwa. Idan ya zo ga batun numfashi, kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, kifi yana buƙatar yin amfani da gill dinsa kawai. Koyaya, akwai wasu kifayen da zasu iya aiwatar da wannan numfashi, kuma zasu iya shagaltarwa tsakanin Kashi 5 da 50 na iskar oxygen da suke buƙatar rayuwa ta cikin fata. Tabbas, duk wannan zai dogara ne da nau'in yanayi, yanayin zafin jiki da kifin da ake magana akai.
Misali, ga kifin da ke shan iskar oxygen daga iska, nitsarwar fata da kyau tayi yana da mahimmanci. A cikin waɗannan nau'ikan iska da ke shiga cikin fata na iya zama 50% na abin da ya wajaba don rayuwa. An san kifin da ke tsalle da kifin murjani a cikin wannan nau'in.
Echinoderms
A cikin wannan yanki zamu iya samun urchins na teku, waɗanda ke cikin wannan dangi kuma ana samun su a cikin zurfin. Suna da allurai da yawa waɗanda suke nasu wajen tsaro a kan masu cutarwa, kuma suna iya numfasawa ta cikin kwalliya da ma ta fatarsu.
Hakanan, cucumbers na teku suma zasu iya aiwatar da wannan numfashin. Kodayake wasu daga cikinsu suna da wasu bututun da ke basu damar yin numfashi, wanda yake kusa da dubura, amma kuma suna iya numfashin fata.
Insectos
Lokacin da muke magana game da kwari, zamu iya cewa duk da cewa musayar gas na da karimci, ba ita ce hanya daya tilo da za ku samu rayuwar ku ba. Mafi kwari suna shan iskar oxygen da ake buƙata kuma suna sakin carbon dioxide ta wani nama da ake kira cuticle, wanda yake a can can bayan kasusuwa na kashin baya na invertebrates.
Akwai wasu dangin kwari da suke bukatar wannan numfashi don safarar hemolymph zuwa cikin jikinsu saboda basu da wani ingantaccen tsarin numfashi. Hemolymph yayi kama da jinin kwari.
Yawancin kwarin kwari suna amfani da tsarin trachea don aiwatar da abin da zai zama aikin numfashinsu. Koyaya, don kwari, na ɗan ruwa ko na kwari, numfashi ta cikin fata yana da mahimmanci, tunda ba zasu iya ɗaukar iskar oxygen da ake buƙata ba ta hanyar bututun iska.
ƙarshe
Lokuta da yawa zamu iya samun su a cikin hanyoyin rayuwar mu ta hanyoyi daban-daban waɗanda mazaunan da aka faɗi ma'anar su dole su rayu. Daga tashi ko tafiya, farauta ko cin ganyayyaki, zuwa numfashi tare da huhu ko ta fata.
Akwai bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa a duk faɗin duniya cewa zamu iya samu a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban. A wannan yanayin muna magana ne game da numfashi, wanda shine ɗayan mahimman abubuwan da muke buƙatar rayuwa, kuma tabbas mafi matsi.
Ganin yadda akwai wasu nau'ikan halittu daban-daban da suka gudanar ta wata hanya ko wata don su iya rayuwa yana gaya mana cewa juyin halitta zai yiwu, kuma wataƙila a cikin wasu mutane masu zuwa nan gaba na iya samun wasu daga cikin waɗannan sirrin ko sami ƙwarewa wanda zai ba mu damar rayuwa mafi girma. Akwai sauran abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya koya daga dabbobi da nasu