Ilimin halitta ilimin halitta kalma ce ta asalin Girka, wanda ma'anarta ita ce "ilimin rayuwa", kuma wannan an bayyana shi a matsayin kimiyyar da ke nazarin halittu masu rai ta fuskoki daban-daban, ma'ana, gwargwadon asalinsu, kaddarorinsu, juyin halitta, ci gaban su, hayayyafa, da sauransu .
Gano menene rassan ilmin halitta
Wannan ilimin kimiyya ya kasu zuwa rassa da yawa, fannoni ko fannonin karatu, waɗanda za a iya rarraba su zuwa rukuni biyu: babba da sakandare. Na farko sune salon salula, na ruwa da na nazarin halittu, botany, ecology, physiology, genetics, microbiology and zoology; yayin da na sakandare tare da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin halittu a matakin da ba shi da na baya.
da ilmin halitta aiki damar suna da faɗi sosai, tunda tana da rassa da yawa ko horo. Saboda wannan, yana da mahimmanci a san su idan kuna karatun babban aiki, don ƙwarewa a cikin reshe wanda ke haifar da sha'awa.
Manyan fannonin ilmin halitta
Wadanda aka ambata a sama sune manyan fannoni, wanda zamuyi bayani dalla-dalla a ƙasa, la'akari da fannoni kamar fannonin karatu da damar aiki.
Kwayoyin halitta
Kuma aka sani da ilimin kimiya, wani reshe ne na ilmin halitta wanda ya kunshi nazarin ayyuka, sifofi, kaddarorin da kuma ma'amala a cikin yanayin da ƙwayoyin halitta ke haɓaka. Wannan an haife shi tare da microscope, tun da ya ba mu damar lura da ƙwayoyin halitta.
El nazarin kwayar halitta ya hada da lura da sel a matakin kwayoyin, wanda shine dalilin da yasa dukkanin rassan suke hade. Bugu da kari, akwai abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa don aiwatar da wannan binciken, kamar su bangon kwayoyi, lysosomes, chloroplasts, ribosomes, kwayar halitta, cytoskeleton, a tsakanin wasu.
Ilimin halittun ruwa
Yana daya daga cikin rassan ilmin halitta wanda ke da niyyar nazarin halittu masu rai da aka samu a cikin halittun cikin ruwa, tare da la’akari da dukkan abubuwan da ke tattare da rayuwar halittun ruwa, wanda kuma yake da alhakin karewa da kiyayewa. Bugu da kari, shi ma yana nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi halittu a cikin wadannan halittu kuma zai iya amfani da ilimin kimiyya daban-daban don gudanar da cikakkun bayanai da nazarin duniya.
Kwayoyin halitta
Yana daga cikin bangarorin karatun ilmin halitta, wanda ke nazarin rayayyun halittu ta hanyar kwayar halitta, ma’ana, matakai ko abubuwan al’ajabi ana kokarin bayyana su la’akari da kayan macromolecular; wadanda yawanci sune nucleic acid (DNA) da sunadarai.
Botany
Yana nufin ilimin kimiyya wanda abin bincikensa shine tsire-tsire, la'akari da dukkan abubuwan da zasu iya yiwuwa, hanyoyin haifuwa, alaƙar su da wasu halittu, rarrabasu, da sauransu. Jinsunan da aka lura kuma aka yi nazari a kansu sune shuke-shuke, fungi, algae da cyanobacteria. Bugu da ƙari, yana yiwuwa a sami rarrabuwa biyu na horo, tunda yana yiwuwa a sami ilimin tsirrai (amfani da dalilan kere kere) da kuma tsirrai na tsirrai (don ƙarin koyo game da yanayin halittun da aka yi karatu).
Lafiyar Qasa
Daga cikin fannonin ilmin halitta zamu iya samun ilimin yanayin ƙasa, ilimin kimiyya wanda manufarsa shine lura da alaƙar da ke tsakanin rayayyun halittu da muhallinsu da sauran halittu; kasancewa babban karatu, yalwa da rarrabawa iri ɗaya gwargwadon ma'amala da waɗannan fannoni.
A takaice kuma mafi takamaiman hanyar, a bayyane yake ilimin halittu yana nazarin halittu daban-daban da kuma alakar da ke tsakanin jinsuna daban-daban da ke zaune a cikinsu.
Ilimin halittar jiki
Yana daga cikin rassan ilmin halitta tunda shi ke da alhakin nazarin menene ayyukan halittu masu rai, wanda zai iya zama ilimin kimiyyar lissafin dabbobi (inda aka hada mutum) da shuka. Kari akan haka, yana yiwuwa kuma a sami wasu rabe-raben, kamar kwayar halitta, gabbai, nama, dabbobi da kuma kwatancen.
Halittu
Yana mai da hankali kan nazarin ilimin gado, ma'ana, yadda ake shudewa tsakanin tsararrun halittu masu rai. Wannan shine mafi girman rassa na zamani, inda ake samun kason wasu rassa kamar kwayar halittar halitta da kuma nazarin halittu. Babban abubuwan binciken shi sune acidic nucleic (DNA) da RNA, inda na biyun ya haɗa da manzo, canja wuri da ribosomal.
Ilimin halittu kanana
Yana nufin ilimin kimiyya wanda ke da niyyar nazari da nazarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta; wadannan halittu ne ko "rayayyun halittu" wadanda idanun mutum basu gan su. Babban ƙwayoyin cuta, wato waɗanda waɗanda wannan reshe ya mai da hankali ga karatu, sune ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta; yayin da sauran kananan kwayoyin ke yawanci karatun su a wasu fannonin kamar parasitology.
Ilimin dabbobi
A ƙarshe, mun sami reshen ilmin halitta wanda ke mai da hankali kan nazarin dabbobi kuma a cikin abin da ake la'akari da bangarori daban-daban kamar ilimin halittar jiki, ilimin lissafi, halayyar, da sauransu.
Secondary rassa na ilmin halitta
A ƙarshe, zamu sami wasu fannoni ko fannoni na nazarin ilimin halittu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ita, amma waɗannan ba sa cikin manyan biyun saboda su rassa ne tare da ƙarin takamaiman manufofi. Daga cikin su akwai yiwuwar samun waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Anatomy
- Ilimin zamani.
- Aerobiology.
- Biophysics.
- Tarihin rayuwa.
- Astrobiology.
- Kwayar cuta.
- Bioinformatics.
- Chorology
- Epidemiology.
- Kwayar Jiki.
- Ilimin halittar halitta.
- Biochemistry.
- Ilmin sanin muhalli.
- Phylogeny.
- Ethology.
- Ilimin halittar jiki.
- Ilimin halittar jiki.
- Herpetology.
- Immunology.
- Tarihi.
- Herpetology.
- Inctiology.
- Limnology.
- Mycology.
- Ornithology.
- Paleontology.
- Oncology.
- Bayani.
- Pathology.
- Parasitology.
- Ilimin zamantakewa.
- Tiyoloji.
- Virology.
- Toxicology.
- Haraji
Muna fatan cewa bayanin da aka bayar game da bangarori daban-daban na ilimin halittu ya kasance na karatunku; Idan kuna son ba da gudummawar abubuwan ciki kuma kuna da kowace tambaya, kar ku manta ku bar mana sharhi kuma za mu amsa da wuri-wuri.