Menene kwayar dabba? - Tsari, sassa da ayyuka

Sel sassan jikin mutum ne da na ilimin lissafi wanda aka samu a cikin dukkan rayayyun halittu, wanda yake basu damar aiki da ci gaban su. Wadannan sun kasu kashi biyu, prokaryotes da eukaryotes, inda tsoffin suke a baka da kwayoyin cuta; yayin da na karshen a cikin shuke-shuke, dabbobi, dabaru da fungi.

Daga cikin eukaryotes zamu sami kwayar dabba, wacce aka ayyana a matsayin abin da ke samar da kayan kyallen da ke jikin dabbobi. Daga ciki zamu ambaci wasu bayanai na sha'awa kamar tsarinta ko sassanta, aikin kowane ɗayansu da banbancin sauran kwayoyin eukaryotic.

Dangane da aikin ƙwayoyin dabbobi gaba ɗaya, waɗannan, kamar sauran ƙwayoyin, suna cika maƙasudin taimakawa cikin daidaitaccen aiki na matakai masu mahimmanci don rayuwar dabbobi; misali, suna tsoma baki a cikin halittar yadudduka, gano abubuwan jin dadi, da sauransu.

Menene tsari ko sassan kwayar dabba?

Akwai tiriliyan wadannan kwayoyin a jikin dabbobi da mutane, kowane daya yana da tsari wanda ya kunshi ambulaf din tantanin halitta, cytoplasm, da kwayar halitta. Hakanan, a cikinsu akwai yiwuwar samo sassan tantanin halitta kuma kowane ɗayan yana cika takamaiman aiki.

Kwayar halitta ko membrane plasma

Ana zaune a cikin ambulaf ɗin tantanin halitta, yana bayyana azaman ɓangaren ɓangarorin sel, wanda ke iyakance su kuma, bi da bi, ayyuka a matsayin tsari na kariya da sarrafa abin da zai iya ko ba zai fito daga cikinsu ba.

Cytoplasm

A nata bangaren, cytoplasm yana tsakanin tsakanin tsakiya kwayar dabbobi kuma membrane da aka ambata a baya; wanda ke da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta wadanda suka hadu da manufofi daban-daban. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, na waje (kusa da membrane) da na ciki (kusa da tsakiya) kuma, bi da bi, ya ƙunshi hanyar sadarwa na membranes waɗanda ke da amfani ga ƙwayoyin halittar da ke gudana a ciki.

Dalilin wannan sashin kwayar shine kawai a sami gabobin da aka fada kuma a taimaka musu wajen ci gaban su. Daga cikin su akwai yiwuwar samun reticle santsi mai laushi da ƙarancin endoplasmic, centrioles, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, da kayan wasan golf.

Kyakkyawan lalataccen reticulum.

An bayyana maimaitawa ta ƙarshe kamar azaman membrane sa hakan yana samar da tsarin haɗin kai, waɗanda suke wurare daban-daban na ƙwayar dabba bisa ga ayyukan da za a yi. Wannan za a iya raba biyu, da santsi da kuma m ko endocrine.

• Santsi yana nufin wanda manufar sa shine hada yawancin lipids da ake samu a cikin membrane na salula da kuma wadanda suka kunshi sauran sassan. Bugu da kari, shima bangare ne na sakin ko jan karar kamar yadda ake bukata.
• A nasa bangaren, mummunan abu ne ke da alhakin samar da sunadaran da ke shirin turawa zuwa wasu sassan kwayar, inda wasu daga cikinsu, kamar kayan aikin Golgi, na iya zama wata hanya ta aika su zuwa wajen tantanin.

Ciwanni

A cikin jijiyoyin jikin mutum yana yiwuwa a sami tsakiya, wadanda sune gabobin da ke gudanar da aikin safarar kwaya ko wasu kwayoyin a cikin kwayar, shiga tsakani kan tsarin rabe-raben tantanin halitta, suna kula da sifar tantanin halitta da sauran ayyuka da yawa.

• Tsarin duniya: Rioan tsakiya suna kula da haɗuwa tare don samar da "diflomasiyya" tsakanin su biyu, wanda, kasancewa tare da abubuwan da ke kusa da su, ya zama tsakiyar gari, wanda ke kula da tsara ƙananan microtubules.
• Ribosomes: Ribosomes suna nan a sassa daban-daban na kwayar dabbobi, kamar su endoplasmic reticulum ko mitochondria. Wadannan suna cika aikin masu fassara, wadanda suke hada sunadaran daga bayanan da aka karba daga manzon RNA.

Lashosomes

Wadannan yawanci ana samun su a cikin ƙwayoyin sel cewa saduwa da makasudin magance cututtuka; tunda tana dauke da enzymes masu narkewar abinci, wanda ke bada damar lalacewar wasu hadadden kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari, yana nan kawai a cikin ƙwayoyin eukaryotic.

Mitochondria

La'akari da injin da ke bawa kwayar damar aiki, tunda tana canza abubuwan gina jiki zuwa mai ga ƙwayoyin; wanda ya kunshi ATP, wanda shine makamashin adenosine triphosphate.

Kayan aikin Golgi

Wannan tsarin membranes din ne wanda yake cikin kwayar da nufin rarrabawa da kuma gyara sunadaran da ake hada su a cikin mawuyacin hali ko kuma endocrine reticulum.

Kwayar kwayar halitta

Ana kiran kwayar halitta kwayar halitta wanda yake a tsakiyar ƙwayoyin dabbobi kuma an samar dashi ne ta hanyar membrane na nukiliya, nucleoplasm, chromatin da nucleolus.

• Membrane ko makaman nukiliya: Ya kunshi tsarin da ke kare ko iyakance kwayar halitta daga sauran sassan da suka hada kwayar halittar dabba, wacce ta kasu kashi biyu: bangaren ciki da na waje. Aikinta shine samar da sararin samaniya don kwafin DNA zuwa RNA kuma, bi da bi, bada izinin bayanin daga RNA zuwa fassara.
• Nucleoplasm: Har ila yau aka sani da cariplasma ko cytosol na nukiliyaShine "semi-liquid" da ake samu a cikin sashin kwayar halitta ta tsakiya; inda ake samun chromatin da nucleoli. Ana nufin wannan don ba da damar halayen sinadaran da ke faruwa a cikin cibiya.
  • Chromatin: Chromatin shine sunan da aka sanya wa abu wanda ya haɗa da waɗancan abubuwan da suka haɗu da kwayar halitta, wato, poteins, DNA da RNA na eukaryotic chromosomes.
  • Nucleolus: Nucleolus tsari ne wanda ba membrane wanda yake nufin kwafin RNA da samuwar ribosomes; Saboda wannan, matakai kamar kira na ARENr ko haɗuwar sunadaran shiga tsakani. A gefe guda, shi ma yana cika ayyuka kamar daidaita juyawar ƙwayoyin halitta, jagorantar martani na damuwarsu da kuma tsoma baki cikin tsufa

Waɗannan su ne sassan ƙwayoyin eukaryotic da ke cikin dabbobi da ayyukan kowannensu; Muna fatan cewa bayanin ya kasance mai sauƙin fahimta kuma kowace tambaya, akwatin fa'idar yana nan don amfanin ku. Muna gayyatarku don raba abubuwan a kan hanyoyin sadarwar ku, wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin abokanku na iya sha'awar.