Shin kun san cewa a cikin wasu nau'ikan iskar oxygen ana daukar su kai tsaye zuwa cikin kyallen takarda?
Na san yana jin ɗan hauka, tunda galibi mafi yawansu suna da wannan yanayin a kawunansu wanda oxygen ke shiga ta hanci, ya isa huhu inda musayar iskar gas tare da jini ke faruwa a cikin alveoli, amma, a wasu nau'in, kamar yadda lamarin yake ga kwari, aikin ya sha bamban, tunda ba ya dauke da aikin tsarin jijiyoyin jini, kuma ana kiran shi numfashin numfashi.
Jinsunan dake haifar da wannan nau'in numfashi sanye take da tracheae, wanda yake tasiri cikin jiki, yana haifar da tsarin tubes tare da ganuwar ƙarfafa da zobba da aka haɗa da chitin. Tracheas sune waɗanda ke ba da izinin shigar iska zuwa tsarin jinsin.
Arachnids da arthropods wasu misalai ne na dabbobi wadanda ke haifar da numfashi irin na tracheal.
Ma'anar shakar bututun iska
Nau'i ne na numfashi, wanda za'a iya fassara shi azaman kai tsaye, tunda ana samar da iska ga ƙwayoyin, ba tare da buƙatar jini azaman ruwan jigilar kaya ba, kamar yadda yanayin numfashin mutum yake.
Tsarin numfashi na kwari ke gudanar da oxygen kai tsaye zuwa sel, inda aka cire kayan sharar (carbon dioxide) don jigilar shi zuwa waje. Ya ƙunshi haɗuwa da nau'ikan tubes, waɗanda ke da alhakin gabatar da iskar gas a cikin jiki da aiwatar da musayar iskar gas a matakin ƙwayoyin. Iska yana shiga ta hanyar jerin buɗaɗɗun waje da ake kira spiracles wanda ke kaiwa ga cibiyar sadarwar bututu da ake kira tracheae. Wadannan tracheae akai-akai suna reshe zuwa tracheae.
Yaya numfashin tracheal ke faruwa?
Kasancewa na al'ada a cikin kwari da sauran cututtukan mahaifa, wannan nau'in numfashi yana faruwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan kwayoyin suna da jerin bututu, wadanda ake kira tracheae, wadanda suke budewa zuwa waje ta hanyar ramuka da ake kira stigmata. Waɗannan sune mahimman tsari a cikin tsari.
Motocin tracheas, kwatankwacin tsarin bututu, sun fito zuwa dukkan sassan jiki wanda kafa ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ba da damar musayar gas: oxygen (O2) da kuma carbon dioxide (CO2), ana yin sa kai tsaye akan dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta. Ana yin iska ta iska ta hanyar diga na baya, wanda ke kumbura ciki na jinsin .. Da zarar an rufe stigmas din, sai a lura da yadda ciki ke kwantawa da kuma iskar carbon dioxide da ake fitarwa ta fita ta cikin bayanan baya.
Musayar gas a cikin numfashi na numfashi, ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar tsarin tsarin jiki wanda ake kira yaduwa, wanda samfurin ɗan tudu daga cikin rafin iska ya shiga, da kuma natsuwa wanda ake samun sinadarin a cikin ƙwayoyin, yana inganta sakin gas mara kyau ga jiki (CO2), da kuma shakar oxygen mai mahimmanci. Saboda muna da ƙwarewa mafi girma a mashigar iska, wannan gas ɗin yana wucewa daga tracheas zuwa cikin sel ta cikin ramin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, har sai abubuwan da ke tattare da ɓangarorin biyu sun daidaita, kuma a wurin daidaituwar aikin yana tsayawa.
Hakanan yana faruwa tare da carbon dioxide, kodayake ta wata hanya ta baya, tunda kwayoyin halitta ne ke samar da ita azaman samfuri a cikin halayensu don samun kuzari. Don haka, yawan wannan gas din a cikin sel ya fi yadda yake a sama, saboda haka yana wucewa zuwa ga tracheae don daidaita daidaitonsa.
Tsarin da aka yi
Jigilar iska, wanda aka ɗauka daga muhalli, ana aiwatar da shi cikin nasara a cikin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke gudanar da numfashi na huhu, godiya ga haɗin gwiwa na jerin tsarukan, waɗanda daga cikinsu ya cancanci ambata:
- Tracheas: Hanyoyi ne na kayan aiki, wanda ke gabatar da sutura, ko cuticle, wanda aka maye gurbinsa yayin canjin fata. Girman wannan tsarin bai kai milimita 0.8 ba. Sashin tracheas ya fita daga cikin dabbar sai ya zama sirara, saboda haka ana gabatar dasu ta kowane kyallen takarda. Ta wannan hanyar, suna isa kusancin dukkanin ƙwayoyin ƙwarin, ta irin wannan hanyar da yadda illawayoyin jini ke yi a jikin mutum.
- Stigmas ko spiracles: Budewar da muke samu tsakanin bututun iska a saman jiki ana kiranta da ƙaho ko ƙyama, kuma waɗannan suna cikin, a yankuna da ake kira: mesothorax, metathorax da ciki. Iraarƙwarar ɓoyewa yawanci ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar bawuloli masu motsa jiki. Yana da muhimmiyar halayyar spiracles, ko huhun numfashi, cewa galibi ana kiyaye su a yawancin kwari ta ƙananan gashi, waɗanda aikinsu yayi daidai da na mai tacewa wanda ke hana shigar ƙurar ƙura da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Tracheoles: Rassan ne wadanda suke ratsawa har da kwayar tsoka, kuma yana da mahimmanci a san cewa bangonsu na da siriri sosai, wanda baya bada izinin musayar gas da ruwa kyauta. Yankin tracheae an ɗan rufe su da wani ruwa wanda aka sani da shi hemolymph, wanda yake daidai yake da wankin kyallen takarda.
Mahimmancin numfashi
Za'a iya bayyana maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a matsayin mafi mahimmin aiki don haɓaka muhimman ayyuka, kuma wannan yana da goyan bayan hujjar da ba za a iya musantawa ba cewa dukkan matakai suna da alaƙa da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da ragin rashi, koda a cikin kwayoyin halitta, ci gaban halayen yana bukatar oxygen. Ana aiwatar da ayyukan rarraba kwayar halitta da sabuntawa, godiya ga kasancewar wannan ɓangaren. Hakanan an gane mahimmancin sa a cikin hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa, da kuma sakin gubobi.
Samun ta yana da mahimmanci sosai wanda nau'in ba zai iya rayuwa in babu shi.