Don wannan, dole ne ku sami gogewa a cikin nazari da fassarar kowane irin rubutu na rubutu, walau litattafai ne ko litattafan kowane fanni, don samun kyakkyawar fahimtar abin da aka yi niyyar watsawa a cikin aikin adabin.
Akwai tsari don ƙirƙirar su, wanda ke sauƙaƙe wannan aikin. Zamu ci gaba da ambaton matakai a tsarinsu daidai, don zama jagora ga waɗanda suke son farawa a cikin duniyar sharhi na adabi, wanda shine ainihin kwarewar da karatun ya baiwa mutum.
Dole ne a kula da wasu fannoni, kamar ma'anar abin da sharhi na adabi ya ƙunsa, nau'ikan wannan, don sanin wanda ya dace da marubucin iri ɗaya, da kuma shawarar da aka ba ta.
Menene sharhin adabi?
Game da sanya rubutu ne, ra'ayin da karatu ya bayar, ba shi damar sake fasalta shi da ba shi wata sabuwar ma'ana, ko inganta shi, gwargwadon ra'ayin kowane ɗayan.
Waɗannan maganganun suna da manufar wanda ke kula da shirya shi, bayan karanta aikin adabi, na iya bayyana jin daɗinsu da ra'ayoyinsu game da bayanin da marubucin ya bar bugawa, don haka cimma nasara, sukar ko tallafawa shi ta hanyar mutum.
Ire-iren sharhin adabi
Sharhi kyauta: Tsarin aikinta an bar shi zuwa ga ikon wanda yake son rubuta shi, wanda zai yi bayani dalla-dalla ta yadda shi ko ita ke ganin ya fi kyau, tare da ba shi ma'anar kansa.
Sharhi Na Musamman: Ya dogara ne da hujja kai tsaye na mutumin da yake son yin tsokaci, tsara tambayoyin gwargwadon abin da aka karanta a littafin, wannan yana buƙatar mai da hankali sosai yayin karatu, da kuma yin daidai bayanan bayanan.
Waɗannan maganganun an bayyana su ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce a sarari, tunda ba za a iya yin su da baki ba, saboda sauƙin dalilin da muke son bayyana ra'ayin da aka samu ta hanyar karanta wasu ayyuka na zahiri.
Nasihu don yin sharhi na adabi
Don sauƙaƙe aiwatar da yin sharhi a zahiri, ya kamata a kula da waɗancan nasihun, wanda zai jagoranci waɗancan mutanen da ba su san inda za su fara ko ƙare a kan kyakkyawar turba ba.
Kafin fara rubuta sharhin adabi wato, babban aikin wannan jagorar baki daya, dole ne ku tsara tare da nazarin manyan ra'ayoyin littafin ko littafin.
- Tsarin: Ya kamata a gina jikin bayanin kamar kowane nau'in rubutu, sanya gabatarwa, ci gaban batun, haruffan da suka fi dacewa, nazarin yanayin da aka gabatar a cikin aikin, a bayyane yake an sake fasalta shi, da kuma kammala komai.
- Haskaka: Yana da matukar mahimmanci ayi aiki da wannan a cikin kalmomin da suka fi dacewa, ko waɗanda ba a san ma'anar su ba, don la'akari da su, ko neman ma'anar su kafin fara da ma'aunin rubutu.
- Maimaita karantawa: karanta rubutu akai-akai yana taimaka wajan fahimtar sa da kyau, da kuma nemo kananan bambance-bambance wadanda ba kasafai ake samun su ta hanyar amfani da karatu kawai ba, don haka bai kamata a yi watsi da wannan matakin ba.
Bayan aiwatar da waɗannan matakan daidai kuma la'akari da dacewarsu yayin yin sharhi na adabi, wanda shine koyarwar karatu, ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan nasihun masu zuwa.
- Gabatarwa: An yi taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen abu daga duk abin da za a ambata a cikin sharhin, kamar mahimman bayanai a cikin littafin, mafi dacewa da shi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, waɗanda aka bar wa marubucin ya ga dama.
- Ci gaban batun: Bayan yin taƙaitaccen bayani game da janar game da sharhi, ya kamata a aiwatar da shi, tare da bayyana shi da manyan ƙa'idodi da tunani na nazari.
- Bayyana halaye: kamar jinsi na rubutu, nau'in mutumin da yake magana, sunayen manyan haruffa, da sauran abubuwa.
- Bayanin bayanai: ya ci gaba da suna wane ne kowane mutum, kamar sunan mai ba da labari, na sakandare, manyan haruffa, lokacin da mai ba da labarin wasan ya yi magana.
- Jin daɗin da ke cikin aikin: Marubutan suna rubuta ayyukansu galibi bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru, waɗanda ke tunatar da su abubuwan da suka faru, waɗanda ke haifar da jin daɗin da ke iya zama baƙin ciki, farin ciki, fushi, wanda dole ne a gano shi, saboda yana da mahimmin maudu'i a cikin irin waɗannan maganganun.
- Albarkatun adabi: Kasancewa rubutu, albarkatun adabi kamar misalai, ishara, da sauransu, an yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar shi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari yayin bayar da labarai kowane iri, kuma waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a lokacin rubutawa.
- Kammalawa: Bayanin an sake taƙaita shi, amma a wannan karon ana ƙoƙarin jaddada abin da aka koya daga cikin ƙwarewar gaba ɗaya, tare da nuna abubuwan da suka fi dacewa, da kuma jin daɗin da mai karatu ke bijiro da shi, da sauran abubuwa.
A lokacin kasancewa da shi tsaf tsaf, ya kamata a sake maimaita shi, don cimma kamalarsa, koyaushe a san tsarin, wanda dole ne ya kasance a madaidaiciya da tsari kamar yadda aka kafa, bincika rubutun da nahawun.
Hakanan yana da kyau ka karanta shi sau da yawa da ƙarfi, don sanin ko yana da ma'ana kuma yana da fahimta.
Me yakamata a kula yayin sanya su?
Don haɓaka sharhi na zahiri, ya kamata a yi la'akari da waɗannan:
- Fahimtar batun: don wannan, ya zama dole a karanta rubutun akai-akai, koda kuwa sau nawa ne ya zama dole, don a iya fahimtarsa daidai.
- Nazarin bayani: kamar nau'in adabin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen aikin, halayen marubucin da waɗanda ya yi amfani da su, da kuma lokacin da labarin yake faruwa.
- Yi nazari: Dole ne a yi amfani da nazarin a kan duk bayanan da ake bayarwa, don a iya sanin halaye na haruffa da ci gaban labarin, don samun damar aiwatar da taƙaitawa, da ma'auni game da waɗannan, yana mai ma'anar abin da zahiri comment.
- Ra'ayin mutum: asali mafi mahimmancin abu na duk wannan aikin, tunda ya dogara ne akan bayyana ra'ayi ko ma'aunin takamaiman batun, saboda haka yana da matukar mahimmanci ayi amfani da ra'ayin kowane mutum.