Menene heroin? - Tasiri, amfani da magani

Daga cikin daban maganin opioids data kasance, zamu iya samun heroin; wanda kuma yana da kaddarorin da ke ba da damar danne tari har ma da guje wa matsalolin ciki kamar gudawa. Koyaya, amfaninta na likitanci bai kai nishaɗi ba, saboda tasirin tasirin da yake haifarwa; Dalilin abin da muka shirya wannan shigarwar tare da duk bayanan game da shi.

San abin da jaruntakar take da halayenta

Kamar yadda muka ambata, yana da opioid tare da tasirin analgesic. Abun ya samo asali ne daga morphine, wanda aka samo shi daga shukar da aka samo opium. Yana da ƙarfi sosai fiye da morphine kuma kuma sakamakon yana farawa da sauri.

• An san haramtaccen abu ne da farin foda, wanda ake haɗuwa da wasu zina.
• Ana cinye wannan a intravenously ko a baki ta hanyar shan shi.
• An dauke shi a matsayin magani tsakiyar juyayi tsarin depressant.
• Yana daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da dogaro na zahiri da na ruhu tare da mafi girman gudu; wanda ke sanya shi a tsakanin kwayoyi tare da mafi girman darajar jaraba kuma hakan yana haifar da babbar lalacewa idan aka kwatanta da wasu.

Charles Romley Alder ne ya gano shi, wanda ya hada shi bayan ya kebe shi da wani tsari da ake kira "acetylation" na morphine hydrochloride. Maganinta ya samo asali ne daga kamfanin na Bayer, wani kamfanin harhada magunguna da ke Jamus wanda ya tallata sinadarin diaceltimorphine a ƙarƙashin sunan "heroin."

Wannan kamfani ne ke kula da tallan samfurin, wanda aka yi tunanin cewa ba shi da nau'in morphine. A wancan lokacin, ana amfani da morphine a cikin nishaɗi, don haka wannan sabon abu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don waɗannan shari'ar. Koyaya, akasin haka ya faru kuma yawancin mutane da yawa sun fara dogara da sinadarin, da sauri fiye da wanda ya gabace shi.

Menene sakamakon tabar heroin?

Daga cikin illolin da sinadarin ya haifar za mu iya samun halin ko-in-kula, rashin lafiya, bacci, rage numfashi, motsa jiki da tashin hankali, tashin zuciya ko amai (galibi a farkon cin abinci) da ƙauracewa. Wannan kuma yana haifar da tasiri akan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da na gefe, waɗanda sune:

Hanyoyi akan tsarin juyayi na tsakiya

• Cutar amai.
• Supparfafa tari.
• Palibi yana raguwa cikin girma.
• Sation da analgesic sakamako.
• Mafarki
• Zafin jiki ya sauka.

Hanyoyi akan tsarin juyayi na gefe

• Fewan lokutan farko na iya ba da sakamako kamar amai ko tashin zuciya; amma idan aka kiyaye nauyin guda yayin cinyewa a wasu lokuta, wannan tasirin zai ɓace.
• Thearafan ƙwanƙwasa suna haɓaka aikinsu, kamar yadda tsokoki masu santsi suke (duba bronchi, misali).
• Ci gaban ci gaba na maƙarƙashiya.
• Rashin bushewar fata da ƙwayoyin mucous.
• Maganin rashin lafiyan.
• Burin gani.

Illolin illa mara amfani

Hakanan yana haifar da sakamako mara kyau da yawa yayin zagi, wanda zai haifar da rikitarwa da manyan matsalolin lafiya; saboda sauye-sauyen yanayin halittar da ta samu da kuma karin zina.

• Ofaya daga cikin haɗarin da ke tattare da haɗari shine yawan yin maye, tunda bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar a Amurka, kusan 55% na jarabar marasa lafiya sun sha wahala aƙalla ƙari ɗaya
• Magungunan na iya haifar da ci gaba da farfadiya ko matsaloli makamantan su da hauka ko rikicewar hankali.
• Canza canje-canje na tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya na iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin hanta, zagayawa, da sauransu.
• Idan mutumin yana rashin lafiyan mahadi kamar angioedema da anaphylaxis, wani rikici zai iya faruwa wanda zai sanya rayuwar mai yin amfani da shi cikin haɗari. Koyaya, ƙananan kaɗan ne aka samu.

A karshe, irin wannan nau'ikan nishadi da haramtattun magunguna wadanda ake amfani da su ta hanyar allurar allura, suna iya kamuwa da mai cutar da cututtuka irin su kanjamau ko ciwon hanta; ban da inganta ci gaban cutuka daban-daban.

Menene siffofin amfani?

Dakunan gwaje-gwaje, likitoci da mutane daban-daban suna da amfani da shi tare da dalilai daban-daban ko dalilai. Tsoffin suna kula da Yi amfani da diacetylmorphine don haɗa wasu mahaukata masu sauƙin ciwo; yayin da na biyun suke gudanar da karatu kuma na ukun suna cinye shi da shaƙatawa. Wadannan biyun na ƙarshe sune amfani mafi ban sha'awa, wanda zamu bayyana a ƙasa:

Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi

Likitoci da yawa suna amfani da shi don gudanar da karatu dangane da bambanci tsakanin morphine na gargajiya da wannan abu; inda, a misali, a Jamus ana gudanar da bincike don sanin ko zai yiwu a yi wa wadanda suka kamu da sinadarin da sauran kwayoyin opioids magani tare da tsantsar jaruntar ba tare da zina da galibi ake samu a cikin haramtaccen magani, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta yakan haifar da rauni.

Nishaɗi da amfani mai cutarwa

Babban matsalar tabar heroin shi ne cewa yana da babban ƙimar ƙimar zama mai larurar abu; wanda ke nufin cewa koda mutum yayi gwaji tare da shan ƙwaya a cikin nishaɗi, damar da zasu sake amfani da ita tayi yawa.

Ana iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyoyi daban-daban na gudanarwa, kamar su sublingual, shaƙa, sha, baka, cutaneous, igiyar ciki da kuma dubura ko farji. Wannan babban adadin zaɓuɓɓuka an raba su cikin hanyoyi da yawa, kamar:

• Za'a iya tauna abun (sublingual).
• Hakanan yana yiwuwa a cinye shi ta sigar shakar iska, ma'ana, ana shafar samfurin kai tsaye.
• A baki, ana cinye shi mai tsabta ko an haɗa shi da barasa, wanda zai iya rage wasu illolinsa masu tsanani.
• Ana iya shayar dashi, ko dai tare da wani ƙarin ko kuma shi kaɗai, a cikin wannan yanayin yawanci ana amfani da takarda kamar su aluminum.
• Akwai kayan shafe-shafe na shafar farji ko dubura.
• Amfani da fata ya ƙunshi shafa abu da ƙarfi, wanda yawanci yakan bar tabon halayyar marasa lafiya da yawa.
• A ƙarshe, babban hanyar amfani shine ta hanyar allurar allura. Don wannan hanyar ya zama dole a dafa abu da ruwa kuma yana yiwuwa a yi masa allurar a kowace jijiya, kodayake yawanci yana cikin tsaurara matakai.

Menene allurai amfani?

Mizanin da yawanci ana amfani da shi kusan miligram 7 ne, ya danganta da ƙimar ji daɗin da batun yake da shi ga opiates. Game da cin zarafin amfani na lokaci mai kyau, mutum na iya buƙatar allurai waɗanda suka wuce miligram 30.

Dangane da haƙurin da dogaro da ƙwayoyi ke haifarwa, adadin zai iya ƙaruwa sosai yayin da lokaci ya wuce da damuwa ko mutuwa saboda cutar cikin sauƙi.

Jiyya ga heroin wadanda suka kamu da cutar

Ana ɗaukar Heroin a matsayin magani mai ƙarancin gaske, saboda yana da ƙima mafi girma a kan dogaro, jaraba da sikelin haƙuri. Wanne yana nufin cewa yawancin marasa lafiyar da ke cin sa sun zama masu dogaro da jiki da kuma tunani; haka kuma suna yin haƙuri da shi kuma suna buƙatar cinye kashi mafi girma.

Koyaya, kodayake yana iya zama da rikitarwa, yana yiwuwa a gudanar da jiyya don mai haƙuri ya iya dakatar da maganin kuma ya ci gaba da rayuwarsa daidai. Kodayake saboda wannan, dole ne mutum ya san barnar da hakan ta haifar kuma dole ne ya yarda ya bar amfani da shi.

Daga cikin shahararrun jiyya don hana amfani shine na detox, methadone da buprenorphine ko wasu magunguna makamantan su.

• Shirye-shiryen detox Ya yi kama da na sauran magunguna, inda suke ba wa mai haƙuri damar dakatar da amfani da shi kuma ya bi da alamun da ke haifar da ciwo na cirewa. Wannan ya fi tasiri sosai lokacin da aka tsare mutum na watanni uku zuwa rabin shekara.
• A nasa bangaren, la methadone Hakanan magani ne na jaririn wanda ake amfani da shi don magance jaraba; kasancewa ɗayan tsoffin shirye-shirye. Burin ku shine ku sha maganin ta bakin ku kuma ku hana bayyanar cututtuka na faruwa. Wannan magani ya fi dacewa don haɗa shi da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.
• A ƙarshe, buprenorphine kuma magunguna daban-daban na iya taimakawa. Wannan yana haifar da sakamako mai kama da na opiates, amma na ƙarancin ƙarfi; wanda hanya ce ta hana illar janyewar. Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da wasu magunguna kamar naltrexone da naloxone, tunda suna toshe tasirin da akasarin opiates ke haifarwa.

Menene cututtukan janyewa kamar?

Kamar cirewar ciwo daga wasu opiatesWadannan yawanci suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna iya zama da mahimmanci; Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka yarda da marasa lafiya ko masu dogaro don su iya magance su da kyau kuma, bi da bi, su kula da su.

• Bayan amfani na ƙarshe, mutane suna jin buƙata ko sha'awar ci, wanda ke haifar da sakamako irin su damuwa ko matsanancin neman abu.
• A tsakanin sa’o’i takwas zuwa awanni goma sha biyar, alamomi kamar su gumi, hamma da yayyaga suna faruwa.
• Daga awowi goma sha biyar zuwa rana, illolin na iya zama mafi tsanani, tunda mai haƙuri zai ji raƙuman yanayi daban-daban (zafi ko sanyi), rashin abinci, saurin yanayi, mydriasis har ma da ciwon tsoka.
• Bayan wucewar rana ta farko, ana fuskantar alamomi kamar rashin bacci, ciwo a yankin ciki, amai, tashin zuciya, matsalolin ciki, da wahalar yin aikin mota.

Muna fatan cewa shigarwar game da wannan magani da magungunan nishaɗi tare da lahani mai tasiri da dogaro mai girma, haƙuri da jaraba, ya kasance abin da kuke so. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko gudummawa, kar ku manta da yin tsokaci a cikin akwatin da ke ƙasa.