Tsire-tsire abubuwa ne masu rai hotuna iri iri, waɗanda ke da ikon samar da nasu abincin. Ba su da damar motsa jiki kuma a kari, bangon kwayar halittar su ya kunshi mafi yawan cellulose.
Tsarin rayuwar shuke-shuke yana da ban sha'awa kwarai da gaske, tunda sune hadaddun halittu masu rai wadanda suke kewaye damu kuma bamu saba tunanin yadda suke bunkasa ba; ba kamar makaranta ba, tunda wannan batun ne wanda ake yawan gani a kimiyyar ilimin halittu. Koyaya, idan har yanzu baku san yadda matakan rayuwarsu suke ba, a cikin wannan sakon zaku sami cikakken bayani dalla-dalla.
Tsire-tsire suna da mahimmancin gaske ga muhalli, har ma ga sauran halittu kamar mutane; tunda wadannan ba wai kawai samar da abinci da tsarkake iska ba ne, amma ana amfani da su a masana'antu (itace, takarda, da sauransu) da kuma kirkirar magunguna.
Matakai na tsarin rayuwar shuka
Tsarin rayuwarta ana ɗaukarsa iri ne haplodiplon kuma tana da matakai guda hudu, kowannensu ya banbanta da halayensa da aikinsa; kamar yadda zai kasance ga wata kwayar halitta irin ta mutum, ma'ana, tsiron yana ratsa ta haihuwa, ci gaba, haifuwa da mutuwa; kawai cewa da zarar ta sake fitarwa, hanyar da aka watse tsaba tana iya bambanta.
Shuka iri
Shuke-shuke da ke haifar da jima'i suna fara sake zagayowar su ne da wani iri, inda zai iya tsiro da girma idan yanayi ya dace; dalili wanda bisa ga kowane nau'in shuka, za a sami hanyoyi daban-daban na haɗa su. Wadannan tsaba suna dauke da amsar amsar fatar.
Idan kana son yin gwaji tare da lentil, wake, garrofón ko tsire-tsire da kake so, hanya mafi kyau ta yin shi shine nemo akwati mai haske, wanda a ciki dole ne ka sanya takarda ko auduga mai jike da iri. Manufar ita ce a kiyaye auduga ko takarda danshi a ga yadda wannan zagayen yake.
Germination
Irin ya kasance sau ɗaya a wurin da yanayi ke da mahimmanci don haihuwarsa, lokacin shukokin fara. Waɗannan abubuwan sune haske, ruwa da zafi, inda kowane tsire ya banbanta amma ga gwaji abin da ke sama zai wadatar.
Bayan fewan kwanaki bayan haka, jigon farko zai fito daga zuriyar, wanda zai yi kauri da girma, yana ɗaukar kamanni iri ɗaya da asalin tushen; Kari akan haka, layin waje na zuriyar zai fito.
Game da kasancewa iri syedayani, Layer na waje yana laushi don ɗaukar danshi kuma da zarar an dasa shi, ya rarraba; yayin da monocots basa rarrabawa, amma ana kiyaye su yayin haɓakar shukar.
Ƙaddamarwa
Shuke-shuke
Da zarar shukar ta fara girmaAna kiran matakanta mafi ƙanƙanta "tsirrai", inda za a buɗe cotyledons (ganyen farko) kuma rafin zai bunkasa, wanda zai ba da damar haɓakar ganyenta na farko.
Girma
Mataki na gaba a gwajin shine cire shi daga cikin akwatin kuma a tura shi zuwa ƙasa, tunda cotyledons ɗin daga ƙarshe sun faɗi kuma shukar tana buƙatar ci gaba da girma; Tunda suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gabaɗaya suna girma, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne a gyara su lokaci-lokaci, gwargwadon nau'in.
A cikin wannan matakin sake zagayowar rayuwa, suna buƙatar fara samar da abincinsu don ci gaba da haɓaka, aikin da aka sani da photosynthesis kuma cewa ana iya samun damar yin hakan da zarar ganyen farko sun bayyana.
Photosynthesis an san shi da tsari na sinadarai wanda tsire-tsire ke da ikon canza kwayoyin halittu zuwa kwayoyin, godiya ga kuzari daga hasken rana. Wannan godiya ga chlorophyll (koren launin kore a cikin ganyayyaki da tushe).
Yayin da shukar ke tsiro zuwa sama, saiwar ta ci gaba da saukowa, tunda suna bukatar su zurfafa cikin ƙasa su sha abubuwan gina jiki da ruwa da ke ciki.
Sake bugun
Tsire-tsire na iya hayayyafa ta hanyar jima’i da jima’i, wanda ke nufin cewa ya dogara da nau'in shuka, za a sami tsarin haifuwa na daban. Da tsire-tsire waɗanda aka haifa daga tsaba hayayyafa ta hanyar jima'i; yayin da ake amfani da asexuals ta hanyar stolon da uwar shuka ke fitarwa.
Waɗanda ke haifuwa a cikin jima'i suna sarrafawa ta cikin fure tunda tana da jinsi biyu, wanda ke ba da damar mu'amala tsakanin fure da ƙwai. Manufa ita ce ta farko ta kai ta biyu, wani abu da aka cimma ta hanyar tsuntsayen da ke kula da fulawar furanni, inda kamshi da launin da furen su ka samar ya janyo hankalin su.
Lokacin da oviles suka hadu sun zama tsaba cewa ko ta yaya ko wasu sun isa ƙasa ko ƙasa (yawanci ta dabbobi, iska ko ɗan adam) kuma idan sun sami yanayin da ya dace a ciki, sai su fara tsirowa da wannan sake zagayowar zai sake maimaita kansa.
Koyaya, yakamata a haskaka haifuwa ta hanyar jima'i, tunda wannan nau'in yana bin tsari don haifuwa daban da sauran tsarin rayuwar shuke-shuke. Waɗannan suna kula da girma saboda albarkatun da mahaifiya ke fitarwa, tun da yake an haifi 'ya'ya mata a ƙarshen waɗannan. Daga baya saiwar ta sami damar shiga cikin ƙasa kuma suka fara haɓaka da kansu.
Wannan ya kasance zagaye-zagaye ta matakan rayuwar shuka, wanda kodayake sun bambanta a cikin haifuwarsu, sauran matakan suna da kama da juna. Ana ɗaukar su rayayyun halittu saboda suna da aiki kafin su mutu, tunda an haifesu, an rayar da su kuma sun girma, haifuwa kuma daga baya sun mutu, kowanne a cikin wani lokaci na daban.