Wakokin Surrealist sune wadanda daga lokacin da kungiyar salula ta bayyana, wanda ya samo asali daga Faransa saboda Dadaism da mawaƙi André Breton.
Kalmar "surrealism" Guillaume Apollinarie ne ya fara kirkirar ta a shekarar 1917, wanda a cewar Faransanci, asalin kalmar tana wakiltar "sama ko sama da hakikanin gaskiya"; wanda ke nufin cewa wani abu ne da ya wuce hakikanin gaskiya, kamar zane wanda aka nuna mutum a ciki kawai amfani da 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, jigon shigarwar shine waƙoƙin surrealism, don haka zamu ambaci wasu halaye mafi wakilci ne kawai kafin muci gaba da jerin su.
A fagen adabi, wannan motsi (kamar yawancin) an dauke shi juyin juya hali ne canza hanyar amfani da yare da kuma samar da dabaru don tsara ayyuka hakan bai kasance a zamanin da ba. Don haka duk nau'ikan adabi (shayari, kasida, silima, a tsakanin wasu) da gaske sun amfana.
- Marubutan surrealism sun rarraba tare da mita, don ba Rashanci ga ayar.
- Werearin batutuwa na ɗan adam an rufe su, ta fuskar tunani da zamantakewar jama'a.
- Yaren ya canza tare da gaskiyar cewa marubutan sun sami damar amfani da sababbin kamus don sababbin batutuwan da za a magance su; yayin da lafazin ya cika da fasahar bayyanawa.
Jerin mafi yawan wakokin surrealist wakoki
A lokacin da ya kunshi farkon karni na 1920, a wajajen shekarar XNUMX, adadi mai yawa na mawaka na surrealism da gaske ayyukan ban mamaki. Da farko mun sami André Breton (wanda ya fara wannan juyin juya halin), amma saboda wannan dalili ba zamu iya daina ambaton wasu masu ra'ayin motsi ba kamar su Paul Éluard, Benjamin Péret, Federico García Lorca, Louis Aragon, Octavio Paz, Guillaume Apollinaire, Philippe Soupault, Antonin Artaud, Olivero Girondo da Alejandra Pizarnik; daga nan ne zamu ciro wasu daga cikin fitattun ayyukan sa.
"Madubin wani lokaci" - Paul Eluard
Kashe ranar
Nuna wa mutane hotunan da aka ware daga bayyana,
yana ɗauke wa maza yiwuwar rikicewa,
yana da wuya kamar dutse,
dutse mara siffa,
dutsen motsi da gani,
kuma yana da irin wannan haske cewa duk sulke
kuma duk an rufe masks.
Abin da hannu ya karba
zane don ɗaukar siffar hannu,
abin da aka fahimta bai wanzu ba,
tsuntsu ya rikice da iska,
sama tare da gaskiya,
mutum tare da gaskiyar sa.
"Allo" - Biliyaminu Péret
Jirgina yana cikin wuta, gidana ya cika da ruwan inabin Rhine
Ghetto ta na baƙar fata lili na kunne na mai sheƙi
dutsen na yana gangarowa daga dutsen don murƙushe masu gadin ƙasar
My opal katantanwa ta saina
tsuntsaye na aljanna ta lullube da baƙin gashin kumfa
Kabarin da ya fashe raina jan fari
tsibirin da ke yawo na inabi na turquoise
mahaukaciya da taka tsan-tsan haduwar mota gadona na daji
pistil na na kunne ya yi tsinkaya a cikin ido na
kwan fitila na a cikin kwakwalwa
Barewa ta yi asara a cikin silima a kan boulevards
akwatina na rana 'ya'yan itacen dutsen mai fitad da wuta
Dariyata ta ɓoye tana dariya inda annabawa masu shagala suka nutsar
ambaliyar ruwa na cassis my morel malam buɗe ido
Ruwan ruwan bulu na mai shuɗi kamar raƙuman ruwa wanda ke haifar da bazara
murjani na mai murjayi wanda bakinshi yake zana min kamar bakin reverberating da kyau
daskarewa kamar madubin da kake tunanin tashi daga kallon tsuntsaye na hummingbirds
ɓace a cikin shirin mummy wanda aka tsara shi ina son ku
«Ina da abin da zan ce na fada wa kaina» - Federico García lorca
Dole ne in faɗi wani abu da zan faɗa wa kaina
Kalmomin da suke narkewa a cikin bakinku
Fuka-fukan da suke kwatsam gashi
Inda kuka ya fadi hannu yana girma
Wani ya kashe mana suna kamar yadda littafin ya fada
Wanene ya fitar da idanun mutum-mutumin?
Wanda sanya wannan harshe a kusa da
Kuka?Ina da abin da zan fada na fada wa kaina
Kuma ina kumbura tare da tsuntsaye a waje
Lebe da suka fado kamar madubai Anan
A can nesa ta hadu
Wannan arewa ko wannan kudu din ido ne
Ina zaune a kusa da kainaIna nan can tsakanin matakan nama
Fitowa a bude
Da wani abin fada zan fadawa kaina
Carlitos Mystic - Louis Aragón
Lif koyaushe yakan sauka har sai da numfashi na ya dauke
Kuma tsani koyaushe yana hawa
Wannan matar ba ta fahimci abin da ake fada ba
Karya ne
Tuni nayi mafarkin zance dashi akan soyayya
Haba magatakarda
Don haka mai ban dariya da gashin baki da girarsa
Na wucin gadi
Yayi kuka lokacin da na ja su
Hakan baƙon abu bane
Me na gani? Wannan baƙon mai daraja
Ubangiji ni ba mace bace mai haske ba
Uh da munin
Sa'ar al'amarin shine mu
Muna da akwatuna na aladu
Wawa
Shin
Dala ashirin
Kuma yana dauke da dubu
Koyaushe tsarin iri ɗaya ne
Kuma ba aunawa
Kuma ba dabaru
Maganar mara kyau
"Don ƙare komai" - Octavio Paz
Bani, wutar da ba a gani, takobi mai sanyi,
fushinka akai,
kawo karshen shi duka,
ya bushe duniya,
oh jinin duniya,
kawo karshen shi duka.Sonewa, rauni, ƙonewa ba tare da harshen wuta ba,
maras ban sha'awa da rashin tsoro,
ash da dutse mai rai,
hamada mara iyaka.Konewa a cikin sararin samaniya, dutse mai haske da gajimare,
a karkashin makauniyar rashin nasara
a tsakanin duwatsu marasa tsabta.Konewa cikin kadaici wanda ya warware mana,
ƙasar dutse mai ƙonewa,
na daskararre da ƙishin ruwa.Ingonewa, ɓoyayyen fushi,
ash wanda ke hauka,
ƙone ganuwa, ƙone
Kamar yadda teku marar ƙarfi yakan haifi gajimare,
raƙuman ruwa kamar fushi da kumfa.
Daga cikin kasusuwa na masu daɗi, yana ƙonewa;
konewa a cikin iska mai iska,
tanda marar ganuwa da tsabta;
yana ƙonewa kamar yadda lokaci yake ƙonawa,
yadda lokaci ke tafiya tsakanin mutuwa,
da takun sawunsa da numfashinsa;
yana konewa kamar kadaici wanda ya cinye ka,
ƙone a cikin kanka, ƙona ba tare da harshen wuta ba,
kaɗaici ba tare da hoto ba, ƙishirwa ba tare da lebe ba.
Don ƙare shi duka
ya bushe duniya,
kawo karshen shi duka.
«Jirgin sama» - Guillaume Apollinaire
Me kuka yi, Faransanci, tare da Ader iska?
Kalma daya ce tasa, yanzu ba komai.Ya yaudari mambobin zuhudu,
- a cikin Faransanci sannan ba tare da suna ba,
sannan Ader ya zama mawaki kuma ya kira su jirgin sama.Ya ku mutanen Faris, ku, Marseilles da Lyon;
ku duka koguna da tsaunukan Faransa ne,
mazauna birni da ku mutanen birni ...
ana kiran kayan aikin jirgin sama jirgin sama.Kalma mai dadi da zata yiwa Villon sihiri;
mawaƙan da za su zo za su sanya shi a cikin waƙoƙinsu.A'a, fikafikanku, Ader, ba a san su ba
lokacin da nahawu ya zo ya mallake su,
ƙirƙira kalmar masana ba tare da wani abu mai iska ba
inda nauyi hiatus da jakin da ke tare da shi (aeropl -wani)
sun yi dogon magana, kamar kalmar Jamusanci.Ana buƙatar raɗa da murya Ariel
don suna sunan kayan aikin da ke kai mu zuwa sama.
Muryar iska, tsuntsu a sarari,
kuma kalma ce ta Faransanci da ke ratsa bakunanmu.Jirgin sama! Bari jirgin ya tashi sama
yin shawagi a kan duwatsu, don ƙetare tekuna
kuma harma kara bata.Bari ya gano madawwami furrow a cikin ether,
amma bari mu adana shi da laushi sunan jirgin sama,
saboda wannan sihirin laƙabi da haruffa biyar masu fasaha
suna da karfin bude sama mai motsi.Me kuka yi, Faransanci, tare da Ader iska?
Kalma daya ce tasa, yanzu ba komai.
"Zuwa dare" - Philippe Soupault
Lokaci ya wuce
A cikin inuwa da iska
Kuka ya tashi tare da dare
Bana jiran kowa
Zuwa ga kowa
Ba ma zuwa ƙwaƙwalwa ba
Sa'a ta daɗe
Amma wannan kukan da iska take dauke dashi
Kuma tura gaba
Ya zo daga wurin da yake bayan
Sama da mafarkin
Bana jiran kowa
Amma ga dare
Wuta da wuta
Daga idanun dukkan matattu
Shiru
Kuma duk abin da ya gushe
Komai ya bata
Dole ne ku sake samo shi
Sama da mafarkin
Wajen dare.
«Dare» - Antonin Artaud
Theididdigar tutiya suna shiga cikin magudanar ruwa,
ruwan sama ya sake fitowa zuwa wata;
a kan babbar hanyar taga
bayyana tsiraici mace.A cikin fatun zanin gado
a ciki yake hutawa duk daren
mawaƙi yana jin cewa gashin kansa
suna girma suna yawaita.Fuskar obtuse na rufin
yi la'akari da shimfidaddun jikin.Tsakanin ƙasa da pavements
rayuwa zurfin ciki ne.Mawaki, me ke damunka
ba ruwansa da wata;
ruwan sama yayi sanyi,
ciki yayi kyau.Kalli tabarau sun cika
a kan ƙididdigar duniya
rayuwa fanko ce,
kan yayi nisa.Wani wuri mawaƙi yayi tunani.
Ba ma bukatar wata
kan yana da girma,
duniya tayi yawa.A kowane daki
duniya ta yi rawar jiki,
rayuwa ta haifi wani abu
wanda ke hawa zuwa soro.Katin kati suna shawagi a cikin iska
a kusa da tabarau;
hayakin giya, hayakin gilashi
da bututun yamma.A kusurwar kwanon rufi
na dukkan ɗakunan da ke rawar jiki
Hayakin ruwan teku suna tarawa
Na mummunan mafarkiDomin anan Rayuwa ake tambaya
da cikin tunani;
kwalabe suna yin karo da kokon kai
na taron iska.Maganar ta samo asali daga mafarkin
kamar fure ko kamar gilashi
cike da siffofi da hayaki.Gilashin da ciki sunyi karo:
rayuwa a sarari take
a kan kwalliyar kokon kai.Wuta mai zafi ta mawallafa
sun taru a kusa da koren baize,
fanko ta juya.Rayuwa ta wuce tunani
na mai gashi mawaki.
«Bayyanar birni» - Olivero Girondo
Shin ya fito ne daga karkashin kasa?
Shin ya sauka daga sama?
Na kasance cikin sautin
rauni,
mummunan rauni,
har yanzu,
shiru,
durkusawa kafin yamma,
kafin makawa,
haɗe jijiyoyi
don tsoro,
zuwa kwalta,
tare da matattun tress,
da idanunsa tsarkaka,
duka, tsirara,
kusan shuɗi, fari sosai.
Suna magana ne game da doki.
Ina ji mala'ika ne.
«Toka» - Alejandra Pizarnik
Dare yayi fatali da taurari
yana kallona yana mamaki
iska tana gudu
kawata fuskarsa
tare da kiɗa.Ba da daɗewa ba za mu tafi
Arcane mafarki
kakan murmushina
duniya tayi biris
kuma akwai makulli amma babu mabudi
kuma akwai tsoro amma ba hawaye.Me zan yi da kaina?
Domin ina binki bashin abinda nake
Amma ba ni da gobe
Domin ku ...
Daren yana wahala.
Ya zuwa yanzu waƙoƙin sallamawa na mashahuran marubutan motsi sun iso, don haka muna fatan kun ji daɗinsu kamar yadda muka yi a tattara su don nuna muku su. Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi ko gudummawa, tuna da amfani da akwatin sharhi da ke ƙasa; Kamar yadda muke gayyatarku ku raba wannan shigar a kan hanyoyin sadarwar ku, tunda kuna da aboki wanda ke son waƙoƙin salula kuma har yanzu ba ku sani ba.
Wakokin Surrealism har abada abadin. A cikin Peru muna da wakoki na gaba-garde kamar na Valllejo da 'yan'uwan Peña Barrenechea, menene kuma! don ilimin duniya.
Yadda ake magana game da shayari, ba tare da fuka-fukan haske masu tashi ba?
... Ba tare da shuɗin iska ba
Shaƙar kyandirori na rai.
Waka, aikin jaruntaka
Na duban cikin rami madawwami,
Don neman haske.
Ko da sani
In mutu
a bango.
TROVALUZ