Rubutun waƙoƙi azaman sake haihuwa

An san zane-zane a matsayin yanayin da ke cikin zane-zane, kuma hakan ya samo asali a cikin 1910, wanda shine shekarar da aka ɗauka azaman abin tunani don nuna farkon zane na zane.

A cikin wannan shekarar, ɗan zanen ɗan Rasha Vasili Kandinsky ne ya kirkiro zanen da zai nuna farkon zanen da ba a gani, da abin da ya ga ya dace da suna daidai "farkon ruwan sha”. Aikin farko ne na farko wanda aka kirkira a cikin wannan motsi kuma shine na farko wanda ya sanya Kandinsky a matsayin mahaifin zane.

Wannan yanayin yana nuna rashin neman ƙirƙirar siffofin gama gari don wakiltar gaskiya, don haka sanya mutane su sami irin abubuwan da suke zane.

Babban abin da yake sha'awa shine ƙirƙirar sabbin siffofin hakan Bayyana motsin rai daga farawa, da kuma cewa ga jama'a basu wakilta komai ba, saboda ta wannan hanyar ne zasu iya samun damar haɗuwa da motsin zuciyar mai zane, ta hanyar rasa ainihin mahallin.

Fasahar da aka fi so ta masu zanen wannan sabon yanayin ita ce launin ruwan sha, kuma sun zana zane-zane da ƙananan rubutu iri ɗaya; kodayake, wasu daga cikinsu sun zana manyan zane-zane a cikin mai waɗanda aka caje su da so da rai. A cikin wannan yanayin, abin da ya mamaye shi launi ne akan fasali, tare da launuka daban-daban launuka hanya ce ta wakiltar kowane motsin zuciyar da ya ratsa zuciyar mawaƙin.

Tushen

A lokacin 1910s, yawancin masu zane-zane daga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban suna "gwaji" tare da yanayin ƙira, wanda a wancan lokacin ba a kira shi haka ba, kuma kowane ɗayan daga mahanginsa na musamman.

Don kawo misali guda, masu fasahar Cubist da Futurist sunyi aiki tare da hotunan gaskiya, wanda suka canza shi da hankali don bayyana ra'ayoyi da sifofi. Supremacists da Constructivists sunyi amfani da ainihin siffofin da za'a iya gane su a cikin fasahar su, amma sun ba su ma'anar alama wadda ba ta neman wakiltar abin da za a iya gani ba, kuma hakan ya kasance shubuha. Koyaya, wani rukuni na masu zane-zane sun kusanci zane-zane ta wata hanya daban da sauran su.

Wanda Vasili Kandinski ya jagoranta, wannan rukunin an dasa shi a cikin yanayin ƙira daga mahangar rashin sanin ma'anar da za'a iya ɓoyewa a cikin abin da suke zana.

Sun yi tsammanin hakan kawai zane-zane, kuma ba tare da amfani da duk wani yanayi da za a iya ganewa ba za su iya nuna wa duniya a cikin zanensu ma'anar wani sabon abu da ba a sani ba. Kandinsky, alal misali, ya danganta zane-zanensa ne a kan abubuwan da aka tsara na musika, wanda yake sadar da su da motsin rai ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.

Zane-zanensa a cikin wannan fagen sun kasance masu ban sha'awa, na son rai, na motsin rai, na tunani da bayyana ra'ayi. Watau: kalmomi.

Bayanin waka bayan yakin

Rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin Kandinski sun bambanta da yawancin sauran fasahohin fasaha waɗanda suka fi yawa a cikin shekarun 1920s da 1930. Fasaharsa ba ta da alaƙa da addini musamman, amma ta wata hanyar akwai alamar ruhaniya a halin yanzu a cikin aikinsa.

Masu zane-zane waɗanda ke haɗuwa da sauran makarantun fasaha, kamar su Art Concret da Surrealism, sun nemi tare da zane-zanensu don yin zane-zane wanda yake, kodayake na zamani da na gaba-garde, mai sauƙin isa ga masu sauraro su gane da bayyana.

kandinsky Ina neman tsarin fasaha wanda ba za a iya yin cikakken bayani ko bayyana shi ba; kowane mutum da ya gan shi zai sami ma'anar kansa don jagorantar su a cikin ransu. Ya bayyana haɗinsa da asirai ta hanyar buɗe hanya. Ya zama kamar ya ƙirƙira wani nau'in wanzuwar ruhaniya.

Dawwama falsafa ce wacce ta sami mabiya da yawa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na biyu; lokacin da mutane suka nemi fahimtar menene a gare su rashin ƙimar rayuwa. Masu tunani mai wuyar fahimta ba sa iya tunanin wata babbar iko da za ta ba da izinin halakar da suka gani.

Amma maimakon ganin aikinsu rigged da bayyanuwar rashi na Allah, masu zane-zane na rayuwa sun juya don nuna rashin mahimmancin rayuwa kanta, kuma neman wanzuwar ne ya sanya waƙoƙin waƙoƙin bayyana bayan yakin duniya na biyu.

A wancan lokacin, rayuwar zane ta manyan birane kamar su Paris, kusan an kone su da asalinta ta hanyar mamayar 'yan Nazi, tunda ba a ba da izinin nuna zane-zane ba, tunda manyan masu zane-zanen Jamus ne kawai za su iya nuna fasaharsu, wanda sabon tabbaci ne na fifikon Aryan. Adolf Hitler da kansa zai faɗi game da aikin Kandinski:Yana kama da aikin wofi na ɗan shekara takwas ko tara".

Amma bayan 'yantar da Faris a 1944, rayuwar fasaha ta sake komawa jirginta, tare da rakiyar masu zane-zane waɗanda suka fusata Führer.

Motsi na waka a zamani

A cikin shekarun farko na karni na 60, masu zane-zane irin su Kandinski, Alberto Giacometti, Jean Fautrier, da Paul Klee sun kafa harsashi ga yanayin waƙoƙin waƙa a cikin zane-zane. Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, sauran masu fasaha irin su Georges Mathieu, Pierre Soulages da Joan Mitchell sun ci gaba da ciyar da su gaba. Daga baya, a tsakanin shekarun 70s da XNUMXs, masu zane-zane kamar Helen Frankenthaler, Jules Olitski, da kuma wasu masu fasaha da yawa sun sake farfaɗo da wannan yanayin tare da sabbin wurare, kuma da shi ake watsa dacewar matsayin.

A cikin 2015, ɗayan manyan muryoyi a cikin motsi na zane-zane, mai zane-zanen Sifen Laurent Jiménez-Balaguer, ya mutu. Amma nasu ra'ayoyi, dabaru da ra'ayoyi suna nan har yanzu a cikin aikin masu fasaha da yawa kamar Margaret Neill, wanda waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi na ɗabi'a ke gayyatar mai kallo zuwa haɗin kai tare da ma'anar ayyukanta.

Abin da ke kiyayewa, kuma zai kiyaye waɗannan mawaƙan mawaƙan tare, shine sha'awar bayyana wani abu mai sosa rai, mai son rai, da kuma yin hakan ta hanyar waƙa da ta hanya.

Ayyukan

Duk da cewa wannan motsi ne na fasaha wanda za'a iya kirkirar haihuwarsa a cikin canjin tawaye da rashin daidaituwa, ayyukan da suka dace da ƙungiyar waƙoƙin waƙoƙi dole ne su ƙunshi wasu halaye waɗanda zasu sa su su wanene.

• Dole ne ya zama yana da abun cikin motsin rai, ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da mai zane ba, har ma da mai kallon da zai ji daɗin zanensa.
• Dole ne ku sami muhimmin sako don sadarwa zuwa ga duniya.
• Kamata yayi tushe na kwatancen ruhaniya na mai zanen. Abubuwan da yake ƙauna suna sanya shi wanene shi. Hakanan wata hanya don alaƙa da waɗanda suke sha'awar zanenku.
• Yana wakiltar launi daban-daban, abun da ke ciki da abubuwan ƙira, a cikin abin da launi gabaɗaya ke ɗaukar fifiko a kan fasali.
• Yana sha'awar bincika ra'ayoyi da ma'anar da za'a iya bawa zanen da ake magana akai. Ba shi da sha'awar koyarwar zane-zane.

Masu zane-zane

• Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
• Henri Michaux (1899-1984)
• Hans Hartung (1904-1989)
• Georges Mathieu (1921-2012)
• Helen Frankenthaler (1928-2011)

Abstungiyar abstraction na waƙa a yau

A wannan zamani namu, zane-zane mai mahimmanci har yanzu yana tsaye. Yawancin matasa masu zane-zane na wannan zamani suna ci gaba da yin aiki a sawun magabata a wannan reshen fasaha.

Marilyn Kirsch na ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa masu fasaha a wannan fagen, kuma ɗayan sanannun mutane ne. Ta yana gabatar da aiki na hangen nesa game da yanayin ɗan adam, ban da neman hanyar da za mu ba wa kanmu abin da za mu iya la'akari da shi azaman hangen nesa na gaba.