Yakaitwa mudunhu reGuerrero, iri kumaodzanyemba kweMexico, chimurenga cheAyutla chaive chiitiko chekupayona mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvine chekuita nenhoroondo munyika ino, chimwe chazvo, kuitwa kweshanduko yerusununguko, yaive chiito chakapesana nehurumende. yemutungamiri wehupenyu hwese Antonio López de Santa Anna.
Kushungurudzwa, mamiriro enhamo umo rudzi rwacho rwakapunzirwa, uye kutengeswa kwechimwe chikamu cheMesilla, nharaunda yekuchamhembe kweiyo parizvino nyika yeMexico, ndiyo yaitangisa kubuda kwehondo iyi, iyo yakatevera kubviswa kwemudzvanyiriri wavaifunga semutengesi, nekuti mushure mekuve chikamu chevasununguko. musimba, akange afuratira avo vaimutsigira, achitendeuka kuti abatsirwe nemapoka akapfuma semauto neaya evafundisi.
Nekuda kwekufamba uku, shanduko dzakakosha dzakaitwa mubumbiro renyika yeAyutla, uko kwakagadziriswa hurongwa hwakateedzera kuenzana kwevanhu.
Kutanga: kuburitswa kwechirongwa cheAyuteca.
Kubudirira kweshanduko yeAyutla kwakaona kutanga kwayo mukusagutsikana kwakapararira, kuchikurudzirwa nesarudzo dzakaitwa nemudzvanyiriri Antonio López de Santa Anna, uyo ari pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwezita rake Serene Kukwirira, yakatanga hurumende yekushungurudza uye kutsamwa, kutengesa zvivakwa zvakamuisa semutungamiriri wenyika. Mazhinji enongedzo akagadzirisa kusimuka kwesimba raSanta Anna akagadzwa mune inozivikanwa Jalisco chirongwaMazhinji acho akatyorwa kana achinge azviisa semudzvanyiriri, uye pakati pevakakurumbira, tinogona kutaura nezvekudzivirirwa kwekodzero yevagari verusununguko rwekutaura, nekurambidzwa kwekushandisa muchina wekudhinda. Pasina kutaurwa, izvi zvakakonzera kusagutsikana kwakakurumbira, uye maitiro echisikigo evakadzvinyirirwa kwaive kutenderera kwemabhuku epachivande kupokana nehurumende, uye kubuda kwemapoka akasununguka evanoratidzira.
Huori hwehurumende, uhwo, zvichikonzera hurombo nenzara yevagari, zvakatungamira mukufumiswa zvisiri pamutemo zvese kubva kuna Antonio López de Santa Anna pachake, uye kubva kuvanhu vepedyo naye. Izvi zvakatanga kumutsa kuramba kwevanhu, kumutsa chishuwo chakadzama cheshanduko, uye mbiru dzezvaizoputika sekuchinja kweshanduko dzakatanga kurongedzwa, mune izvo zvikamu zvakafarirwa senge chechi, uye mamwe mapoka emauto , vaizorasikirwa nemabhenefiti uye kurapwa kwakasarudzika kwavakaitwa nana Santa Anna manejimendi.
Chimwe chinhu chakaburitsa kusagutsikana kwaive kutengeswa kwekuwedzera kukuru kwenzvimbo yeMesilla, kuurayiwa kwacho kwakakurudzirwa nekugutsikana kwezvaunofarira uye neboka renharaunda rakaritsigira. Sarudzo iyi yakarambwa nevezvematongerwo enyika, sezvo yakapa mhosva vagari venzvimbo iyoyo kurasika chitupa, vachifanira kuzviisa pasi pesimba rerudzi rutsva.
Manifesto e Ayutla chirongwa, Pakati payo Florencio Villareal, Juan Álvarez naIgnacio Comonfort (vatsigiri vakuru vekupandukira) vaive vatori vechikamu mukuzivisa kwayo, yakaziviswa musi waKurume 1, 1854., ichizvitarisa pachedu pokutangira kwekuchinja kweAyutla. Iyo Ayutla Chirongwa igwaro umo zvikonzero zvekusagutsikana zvakafumurwa, uye zviito zvakaunzwa mukupindura, chikuru chazvo chiri kuratidzwa pazasi:
- Kubviswa kweYake Serene Highness, Antonio López de Santa Anna, uye avo vakuru vakuru vakatevera rake rakaora uye rinodzvinyirira.
- Kubviswa kwemitemo iyi iyo inotyisidzira hupenyu hwevagari, pakati pavo: kudhirowa mapasipoti nemitero yeroora, yakatemerwa vanhu, pasi pezita rekubatwa.
- Kusarudzwa kwemutungamiriri wenyika, umo nhengo yedunhu rega rega ichatora chikamu, uyo achave nesimba rekuenda nekugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita nekuchengetedza uye kuzvimirira kweRudzi.
- Izvo zvakarongedzwa kuti mukuru mukuru, mukubatana muchiito pamwe neboka revanhu vanomwe, vagadzire nyika nyowani yakasununguka, vachimisikidza mitsva mitsva yemitemo nemirau yaizotonga nharaunda, nguva dzose ichiremekedza musimboti wekuti nyika yaive iri yoga, isingazanganisike uye Kuzvimirira
- Kusimbiswa kunoiswa pakudikanwa kwekuti, mushure mekugadzwa kwayo, hurumende nyowani inofanirwa kutarisisa nyaya dzehupfumi, sezvo nyika yakanga ichipfuura nedambudziko rakakura, iro rakanga rataurwa nemitemo yehurumende. Kunyanya kutarisirwa kwakakumbirwa pazvinhu zvine chekuita nekutengeserana kwekunze uye kwepamba.
- Izvo zvakaverengerwa kuti kurapwa kwe "muvengi werudzi" kwaizopihwa kune chero munhu anotyora nhungamiro dzakasimbiswa mugwaro iri. Shanduko yeuto inokurudzirwa, kuita simba rinobatsira kudzivirira zvivimbiso nekodzero dzevagari.
Matanho eiyo Ayutla shanduko
Pamberi pekuonekwa kwechirongwa chambotaurwa pamusoro peAyutla Chirongwa, maitiro evanhu akange ari ipapo, uye vachibvumirana: rutsigiro ruzere uye simba rechisarudzo chevasununguko, nekudaro, nekunyanya kusimba kwesimba rekupokana, mhinduro yehurumende inochengetedza yaive nekukurumidza, uye zviito zvavo zvakatsvaga kumisa zviito zvevapanduki na:
- Wedzera mutero kuti uwane mari yehondo (izvi zviri kure nekugutsa kusagutsikana, zvakakurudzira zvikamu zvakasiyana kuti zvibatanidze kurwira kwaJuan Álvarez).
- Chirango chekufa kune avo vakawanikwa vaine kopi yechirongwa chaAyutla, uye kune vanhuwo zvavo vakatakura zvombo.
Kuratidzira kuFort San Diego: Ane varume vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu muuto rake, López de Santa Anna anonanga kuAcapulco, kwaive nevapanduki. Juan Álvarez aingova nesimba revanhu vangangosvika mazana mashanu, zvisinei, mauto akasununguka akakwanisa kutarisana nehondo, uye Changamire vake aifanira kubuda, nekuti akatambura zvakanyanya, asingaverenge varume vaakarasikirwa nekuda kwezvirwere nekusiiwa. Mukutsiva, nekuda kwekukundwa uku, zviito zvechisimba zvakatangwa kupokana nezvivakwa zveavo vaive chikamu chesangano, kana kuti vakaritsigira neimwe nzira.
Shanduko yeAyutla yakaramba ichienderera isingamisike, kukonzera kutya mune vanochengetedzaNaizvozvo, mutungamiri anochengetedza akakumbira gavhuna wePuebla, netsamba, kuti vachengeti vayo vagare kure nevaya veGuerrero apo kumukira kwacho kwakapfuurira, vachikumbirawo kuti atore matanho kune avo vane hunhu hwekufungidzira.
Kuedza kukuru kwakaitwa padivi pehurumende kuchengetedza zviteshi pasi pekutyisidzirwa kubva kune vakasununguka vakachengetedzwa: La Paz, Acapulco, Guaymas neMazatlán, ndizvo zvaive zvinangwa, zvisinei, zvese zvaive zvisina basa, nekuti hapana chakamisa Juan kufambira mberi. Mukuona kweizvi, hurumende yakatanga zviito zvinosvibisa, ichiendesa nhau dzenhema nezvekukundwa kwevapanduki uye kudzoreredza runyararo.
Kutsigira kumukira: Semhinduro yekusagutsikana kukuru pane zvakaitwa nehurumende inochengetedza, shanduko yaJuan Álvarez yakatanga kuwana vateveri. Pazuva reMhandara yeGuadalupe, kukonana kwakaitika muPuebla umo Lanceros Regiment yePuebla (iyo yaimbotungamirirwa naAntonio López de Santa Anna) yaive protagonist. Hurumende yakamisa danho iri rekumukira, ndokuraira kuti vaurayi vayo vaurayiwe. Paive zvakare nechiziviso pachikomo cheLoreto, umo varume zana kubva kukambani yevarwi vanoshanda veQuerétano, vakataura vachitsigira chirongwa ichi.
Gore 1855: Pakutanga kwegore ra1855, masimba erusununguko aive awana nzvimbo muRepublic, uye panguva ino, ruzhinji pfungwa yaPuebla yakanga isiri kutsigira Santa Anna, zvisinei, padanho repamutemo, vakuru vakuru vakaramba vasina kwavakarerekera, asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvishoma nezvishoma chimurenga chakapinda munzvimbo dzese. Pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 15, 1855, maRiberal aive azadzikisa kutevedzera kwaPuebla kuchirongwa cheAyutla. Antonio López de Santa Anna, akakundwa nechimurenga cheAyutla, anosiya nyika yakundwa kuNew Granada. Hurumende inoshandura inogadzwa, umo Juan Álvarez akagadzwa semutungamiriri wenyika.
Migumisiro
Kukunda kweAyutla Revolution kwakaunza nhevedzano yezviitiko mukuda kwekumiswazve kwemisimboti yekuenzana munharaunda, izvi zvinogona kupfupikiswa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
- Hutungamiri hwaJuan Álvarez: Sekudzingwa kwehurumende inochengetedza, mutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika Juan Álvarez anokwira musimba, uyo aingova nemwedzi miviri ari muhofisi, zvisinei, akashandisa zviito zvine simba kubatsira varimi. Mushure mekusiya basa, akazobudirira nemumwe wake mumaoko, zvakare akasununguka Ignacio Comonfort.
- Kuitwa kwemitemo yakapesana nekusaenzana: Muna 1855, mutemo weJurez wakaziviswa, uyo wakasimbisa kuenzana pakati pevagari pamberi pemutemo, uchimanikidza matare akasarudzika evafundisi nemauto. Chimwe chirevo chakakosha yaive mutemo we lerdo, uyo unosungira veruzhinji uye vechechi vanhu kuti vatengese zvivakwa izvo zvavasiri kutora kuvanhu vavainge vapa kwavari, kuitira kusimudzira kushandiswa kuri nani kwehupfumi.
- Ruregerero vakatapwa: Mushure mekukundwa kwaSanta Anna, hurumende nyowani yakavhura kudzoka kwevakatapwa nekutambudzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika.
- Putsa nekereke: Vafundisi vakashatirwa nekuti zvido zvavo zvakakanganiswa kuratidza kushora shanduko. Midziyo yechechi yakapihwa kune veruzhinji manejimendi, masisitendi akavharwa uye masimba avo mukurejista kwemaitiro ehurumende akabviswa: michato, kuzvarwa, kufa.
Vakuru vanotsanangudza Ayutla Revolution
Izvi zvinotevera vaive vane chinzvimbo chakasimba musangano iri rinosunungura:
- Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna: Mutongi anodzvinyirira, anouya pachigaro mushure mechibvumirano pakati pevachengeti nevasununguka, avo vakatarisana nedambudziko rezvehupfumi rakatambudza Mexico, vakabvuma kubatana. Nzvimbo yezvematongerwo enyika yemunhu uyu yakatsanangurwa seyakajeka, nekuti munhoroondo yese aishingaira mumapato ezvinzvimbo zvakapesana.
- Juan Alvarez: Mauto eMexico, aive nekutora danho mumhirizhonga zhinji dzeMexico. Mukurudzira mukuru wekugadzwa kwehurongwa hwekushandura uye mutungamiri weshanduko yeAyutla, akatungamira kurwiswa nevapanduki ndokugadzira zvirongwa zvakatungamira mukubviswa kweMutungamiri Santa Anna.
- Florencio Villarreal: Mauto ekuMexico eCuban mavambo, avo vakashanda pamwe nevashanduki mukumisikidza shanduko.
- Ignacio Nyaradzo: Mexico uyo akatsiva Juan Álvarez muhutungamiriri. Akaitisa akakosha ekuchinja kwesununguko chirevo. Hurumende yake yaizivikanwa nekupokana pachena neChechi yeKaturike, iyo muhurumende dzinochengetedza yakanga yawana zvigaro zvemasimba, uye kutora chikamu kwezvematongerwo enyika