Pane hutsika hwakaipa hwekufunga kuti, munyika dzakasimukira kana dzekutanga nyika dzepasi, ndidzo chete nzvimbo panowanikwa chero rudzi rwemberi kana budiriro maererano nechinhu chakagadzirwa. Nekudaro, izvi hazvisizvo, mumatunhu mazhinji eLatin America kwave nezviitiko kana zviitiko kwete chete zvezviitiko zvezvakaitika zvakakonzera shanduko, asi zvakare mavambo evakuru vanhu avo, nedzidzo yavo yekudzidza uye kushanda kwakatendeka mu kudzidza, kwakabatsira uye kukanganisa iyo kukura kwezvidzidzo zvitsva uye kuwanikwa.
Aya marangi akapfuura nekufamba kwenguva anoshanda sehwaro hwekutsvagisa kutsva kana mipiro mitsva inogadzirwa nezvizvarwa zvitsva. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yeMexico, iyo yakave nenzanga yesainzi iyo isingagamuchire zvakanyanya, asi inogamuchira rukudzo muhunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, nekuda kwekuziva uye kufarira rutsigiro rwepasirese mune zvavakaita.
Ndeapi masayendisiti ekuMexico akasarudzika?
Heino runyorwa rweanonyanya kukosha masayendisiti eMexico maererano nesimba uye nemipiro yavo:
Mario Molina
Kutanga neimwe yezvazvino, Mario Molina Henriquez ndeimwe ye kutungamira masayendisiti eMexico zvenguva ino. Akazvarwa muMexico City munaKurume 19, 1943. Akaenda kumakore ake ekutanga edzidzo yekudzidzisa muMexico, akazoti pazera regumi nerimwe akatumirwa kunodzidza kuSwitzerland, izvi nekuti vaitora mutauro wechiGerman sechinhu chakakosha kune tekinoroji. munda nekusimudzira kwayo.
Paakadzoka, akadzidza kuUNAM uye akapedza kudzidza seChemical Injiniya. Muna 1972 akawana Doctorate muChemistry neFizikiki kubva kuYunivhesiti yeBerkeley. Uye musi waChikumi 28, 1974, akaburitsa chinyorwa mumagazini yeChisikigo, pamwe naSherry Rowland, pamusoro pekuora kwakakonzerwa neCFC muOzone Layer.
Kwemakore angangoita makumi maviri vakaedza kushora dzidziso yake, semamwe masayendisiti, asi pakupedzisira, mhedzisiro yaive mukumufarira uye sezvaitarisirwa, vakaratidza kuti aitaura chokwadi, saka pakazosvika Gumiguru 20, 11 zvaive akapa Mubairo weNobel muKemistry naRowland naPaul Crutzen.
Nhasi, kuwanikwa kwayo kwakatungamira kumatambudziko akasiyana siyana akaiswa kune avo vane zvakakosha zvakanyanya pazvirongwa zvebasa remarudzi makuru; Izvi zvinosanganisira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, hutano hwepasi uye zvazvinoita pavanhu.
Idzi ndidzo pfungwa dzine simba rakanyanya nhasi uye nekuda kweizvi, Dr. Molina ndemumwe wevarume vane mukurumbira mune yesainzi uye yemagariro munda; tichifungidzirwa sezvatambotaura, mumwe weakanakisa masayendisiti ekuMexico uye akafunga sechinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha mupfungwa yekusimudzira nekupona kwevanhu.
Carmen Victoria Felix Chaidez
Akaberekerwa muSinaloa. Pazera ramakore gumi nemanomwe akaenda kuInternational Astronautical Congress iyo yakaitirwa muHouston, United States; danho raizomutungamira kuti ave mumwe weakanakisa masayendisiti eMexico nhasi.
Akadzidza zvemagetsi neinjiniya enjiniya (IEC) kuMonterrey Institute of Technology neHigher Studies, Monterrey Campus, kwaakatanga kuitawo zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semasangano nemisangano. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti aive nekugadzirira kwakanaka zvekuti akazove mudzidzisi muzvikoro zvepuraimari nesekondari nezvenyaya iyi.
Pakupera kwebasa rake, akabatana neAT & T uye Texas Instruments; gare gare akapinda muInternational Space University (ISU), iyo internship yakaitwa kuNASA Ames, muDhipatimendi reSmall Satellites. Iye ave zvakare akabatanidzwa muKubvunzana Maforamu ekugadzirwa kweMexico Space Agency (AEM).
Munguva yake panguva kuNASA Ames anga achitarisira edza kugona kwekushandisa zvigadzirwa zvebhizimusi kuti zviitiswe mukuvakwa kwemasateti madiki, kuitira kudzikisa mutengo. Kuti aite izvi, akashandisa smartphone yeGoogle Nexus uye akashanda pamwe chete nevanjiniya vekambani nevanoongorora veNASA.
Paakadzokera kuMexico, mushure megore rekushandira pamwe neNASA, akashanda nevatungamiriri veUS space agency, zvekuti, muna 2012, vechidiki vekuMexico vanobva kumatunhu akasiyana enyika vakawana mukana wekugara zvakafanana.
Manuel Sandoval Vallarta
Akazvarwa munaFebruary 11, 1899, ari nhengo yemhuri inozivikanwa se bourgeois muMexico City. Hondo Yenyika I yakamutadzisa kupinda kuCambridge University aine makore gumi nematanhatu. Pana 16 akaenda kuBoston kunodzidza kuMIT, achiwana degree reBachelor muElectrical Engineering muna 18.
Ipapo akawana Doctorate muMathematical Physics aine makore makumi maviri nemashanu pachikoro chimwe chete. Muna 25, Sandoval akahwina mubhadharo kubva kuGuggenheim Foundation iyo yaimutendera kuti adzidze Fizikisi achidzidziswa naAlbert Einstein, Max Plank, Erwin Shrödinger, Max von Laue, naHans Reichenbach. Ichi chiitiko chakatungamira munyori kumisikidza hushamwari hwakakura naEinstein, uyo waaiyemura zvikuru.
Pakupera kwekugara kwake akasanganawo naHeisenberg ndokubatsirana naye mukuferefeta kwake kwapfuura. Akadzokera kuMIT muna 1929 uye kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi akazove chirevo chakakwana muAmerican kondinendi ye ziva, nzwisisa uye shoropodza Quantum Mechanics. Ikoko, aive iye mukuru mudzidzisi wevakawanda venguva yemberi nyanzvi dzakadai saNathan Rosen, Richard Feynmann naLuis Walter Álvarez.
Zvizhinji zvekutsvagisa kwake kwaive kwakavakirwa pamhepo yezvemuchadenga uye nekutenda kwavari, munyori akasarudzwa weNobel Prize uye akazivikanwa pasi rese nekubatsira kugadzira Quantum Fizikisi. Ndiye mumwe weanozivikanwa masayendisiti eMexico.
Nekuda kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, kuferefetwa paMIT kwakanangiswa pazvinangwa zvemauto, ndosaka achisarudza kutamira kuMexico kakawanda, nekuda kwekukoka kweMutungamiri Manuel Avila Camacho.
Basa rake raive nesimba rakakura mukusimudzira kweManhattan Project (yakanangana nekusika bhomba reAtomic), mukucherechedzwa kwePasi rose kubva pakuona kwemasvomhu uye mukuparadzirwa kwekuyedza muCosmos. Pakupedzisira, Dr. Sandoval akashaya muMexico City musi waApril 18, 1977.
Luis Ernest Miramontes
Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cárdenas akaberekerwa muGuta reTepic, Nayarit, musi waMarch 22, 1925. Kudzidziswa kwake kwakaitwa muchikoro chepamusoro muMexico City, zvakare iyo zvidzidzo zvakaitwa muChemical Engineering kuUNAM. Pakazosvika 1950 akange ave kutoshanda kuSyntex Laboratories, yaive nechinangwa chekugadzira mahormone ekugadzira uye pamuzinda iwoyo aive nemukana wekushanda naCarl Djerassi naJorge Rosenkranz pakuferefetwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweOrganic Chemistry.
Musi waGumiguru 15, 1951, aine makore makumi maviri nematanhatu ekuberekwa, Miramontes anga atove mumwe weanozivikanwa masayendisiti eMexico uye inokwanisa kugadzira norethisterone, chikamu chepasi chemumuromo chekudzivirira kubata pamuviri. Yake synthesis yakabata pakarepo, ichionekwa seimwe yeakakosha zvigadzirwa zvemakore zviuru zviviri zvekupedzisira, izvo zvaakaisirwa muImba yeMukurumbira weInventors munhoroondo, pamwe naPasteur, hama dzaWright, Thomas Edison naAlexander Bell, vari weMexico chete.
Pakazosvika 2004, kugadzirwa kwake kwaionekwa senge makumi maviri akakosha kwazvo munhoroondo nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwezvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro zvaive nazvo, uye muna 2005, norethisterone yakatumidzwa semupiro wakakosha wesainzi weMexico wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX neMexico Academy yeSainzi. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti anozivikanwa kana kuzivikanwa nekukonzeresa shanduko yebonde neyakagadzirwa.
Aive nemhuri yaive nevana gumi. Pamusoro pekubudirira kwake kukuru, musayendisiti Miramontes akazova purofesa weKemistry kuUNAM, achienderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake nekunyoresa mamwe makumi mana emvumo. Akashanda zvakare semutungamiriri weFakisheni yeChemistry yeIbero-American University uye Director we Basic Research yeMexico Institute of Petroleum. Akafa muna 10 kuMexico City musi waGunyana 40.
Carlos de Singüenza naGóngora
Singüenza y Góngora akaberekerwa muMexico City muna 1645, vabereki vake vaive Spanish. Muhudiki hwake akatanga zvidzidzo zvake zvechitendero, asi akadzingwa nekuda kwehunhu husina hunhu. Nekufamba kwenguva akapedza kudzidza kuRoyal uye Pontifical University. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yake yepamusoro yekutarisa uye neruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, akagadzwa kugadzira mamepu eHydrological eese New Spain ayo panguva iyoyo akapararira Florida.
Akatungamira kucherwa kuTeotihuacán muna 1675, ayo akange ari ekutanga kuchera matongo kwakaitwa muMexico munguva dzekoloni.
Chimwe chezvinhu chinomuratidzira pakati pemasayendisiti akanakisa ekuMexico ndechekuti muAmerica aive iye mutungamiriri wekuparadzaniswa kweAstrology uye Astronomy, chiitiko chaakashoropodzwa kwazvo munharaunda yesainzi, kunyangwe muEurope. Zvisinei, haana kumira uye akaramba akamira; Akasimba uye akagutsikana akakakavadzana nedzidziso kusvika kumagumo, akavakirwa uye akaita nharo neyakaomarara chokwadi uye nekucherechedza.
Uye zvakare, aive achitungamira kununura zvisaririra zvezvishoma zvasara zve pre-Columbian Mexico, asi kufa kwake kamwe kamwe muna 1700 kwakakanganisa kumwe kwekukosha kwekutsvaga kwekuchera matongo kuMexico kusvika panguva iyoyo.
Guillermo gonzalez camarena
Guillermo González Camarena, anozivikanwawo sechienzi chidiki pakati pevasayendisiti veMexico, akaberekwa muna Kukadzi 17, 1917 kuGuadalajara, Jalisco. Zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa, sezvo aive mwana aifarira tekinoroji; Zvikuru zvekuti pamakore gumi nemaviri aikwanisa kuvaka redhiyo yake ega uye pa12 yake terevhizheni kamera. Panguva iyoyo zvakauya kwaari kuti ave neterevhizheni yemavara kuitira kuti asaiona ichinakidza zvakadaro.
Muna 1939 akapa hombe "Field Sequential Trichromatic System" yake. Izvo zvakagadzirwa zvakakonzera kutsamwa kukuru uye paakanga achingova nemakore makumi maviri nematatu ekuberekwa akawana patent yeterevhizheni yemavara muMexico neUnited States muna Nyamavhuvhu 23, 19. Nezera ramakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe aikwanisa gadzira yekutanga yekuyedza terevhizheni nhepfenyuro chiteshi muMexico, kutanga kuparadzira terevhizheni senzira yekutaurirana uye dzidzo.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusikwa kwayo kwakange kune pesvedzero huru pasirese yepasirese, izvo zvakatungamira mukuziva kwayo nekukasira. MaUniversity zvakare anga atove nezita rakapihwa kwaari; zita rekuti Honoris Causa uye kunyangwe "Chiremba weSainzi" (zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iri raive zita rekuti rakanga risingapiwi kweanopfuura hafu yezana ramakore muUnited States Institutions). Musi waGumiguru 20, 1962, akabata patent iyo "Yakareruka Bicolor Sisitimu", inova ndiyo nzira yazvino yeterevhizheni.
Sezvatakambotaura, kucherechedzwa uye simba rezvakagadzirwa nemunyori izvi zvakabva zvapararira pasirese. kusimudzira sainzi nedzidzo, izvo zvaigara zviri pamwe chete mukati menyika. Mukuzara kuzere uye apo basa rake raive riine kukura kukuru kuri kuwedzera, achionekwa seimwe yemasainzi akanakisa eMexico, akafa, nekuda kwetsaona yemotokari musi waApril 18, 1970 iyo yakatora hupenyu hwake.
Fernando Mier Hicks
Akazvarwa muAguascalientes uye akapedza kudzidza paMonterrey tekinoroji. Aingova namakore makumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa, achangopedza kudzidza, iye chiremba wezveinjiniya yemuchadenga kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yakaita simulator panzvimbo iyoyo kuyedza mamiriro ayo nanosatellite prototypes anotarisana nawo munzvimbo yekunze.
Usati wapinda mu doctorate, yakabatana kutanga Maitiro Ekuita, iyo inogadzira yayo magetsi emagetsi uye ichaisa yekutanga muyedzo gore rinouya.
Pakati pezvaakaita zvakagadzirwa kugadzirwa kwemuchina unoteedzera matatu-e-e-epasi- mamiriro: zero-kukakavara nharaunda, vharuvhu (kusavapo kwemhepo), uye nzvimbo yeplasma.
Mubvunzurudzo yeForbes, wechidiki musayendisiti akatsanangura kuti zero zero yekukwikwidza nharaunda inoita chero kufamba, kunyangwe miniti sei, kugara kwenguva refu. Uye zvakare, inokwanisa kugadzira madiki madiki anogadzirwa neyekunze nharaunda inokwanisa kana inokwanisa kugadzirisa maratidziro ayo, semuenzaniso, kubatana kwezuva nezuva pamwe nesataneti.
Izvi zvakare zvakaitisa kuzadzikiswa kwechikwata icho, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu ekunze nzvimbo (kurema, zero kukweshera uye nharaunda ine plasma), inobvumidzwa kuyedza mashandiro emagetsi emagetsi uye masisitimu ekufambisa erudzi urwu ema satellite.
Iye achiri asina chokwadi kana achizozvipira iye kutsvagisa kana kupinda mubhizinesi reaerospace, rinova rakajeka, inzvimbo yake pakati pemasayendisiti akanakisa eMexico.