Zvinetso zvemagariro kushushikana kana kukanganiswa kunokanganisa chaiko nzanga, izvo zvinokodzera mhinduro inosanganisira kubatirana kwemunhu akabatwa, uye kunyange vamiririri vakaita sehurumende, inova ndiyo inoisa mitemo kuitira kuti pasave nedambudziko rakadai.
Izvi zviripo munyika dzese dzenyika, nekuti hapana anosunungurwa kubva kwavari, kunyangwe kuvapo kwematambudziko emagariro kwakanyanya kucherechedzwa munharaunda dzechiLatin mukondinendi nyowani, kubva pakati kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakanyanya kweAmerica.
Ndeapi matambudziko makuru emagariro?
Kukwirisa kwematsotsi, kushomeka kwerunyararo maererano nedzimba, kushomeka kwechikafu, manejimendi ehurumende anotungamira kuhuwori nekusachengetedzwa kwakanaka kwemitemo, dzidzo dzakaderera, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndizvo matambudziko makuru ehukama anogona kuwanikwa muLatin America yese.
Kunyangwe izvi zvichinyatso kuoneka mune dzimwe nyika zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe, hapana kana chimwe chazvo chaive pachinyorwa Parizvino, kune nyika dzine matambudziko akakomba zvekuti dzakatomisikidzwa sematambudziko erubatsiro, nekuda kwekushandisa zvisirizvo kwemitemo uye nehutongi hwakaipa hwehurumende.
Chaizvoizvo, matambudziko emagariro anomuka kana chikamu kana huwandu hwenyika havakwanisi kuwana zvavanoda pakurarama kwavo, kugadzira zvinetswa zvakakomba, zveavo vane basa rekuwana mhinduro ihurumende nehurumende.
Parizvino, matambudziko mazhinji eruzhinji aimboita senge asingakuvadzi akawedzera, asi pamusoro pemakore ivo vakakwira kusvika pamwero nhasi uno unoita kunge haugone kukunda, kunyangwe izvi zvakakonzerawo mapoka akati wandei asiri ehurumende kutora matanho kupokana neaya, vachishanda nemishandirapamwe edza kuita kuti vanhu vazive kukomba kwematambudziko.
Pakati pezvinonetsa zvinonyanya kunetsa uye izvo zvikuru zvakave zvichinyatso kucherechedzwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX zvinogona kuwanikwa zvinotevera:
Kusvibisa
Mumakore zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura shanduko huru yakaonekwa mumhepo yepasi, yakakonzerwa ne kusvibiswa kwevanhu kune zvakatipoteredza, zvichikonzera matambudziko akakura kunzanga, mune chero pfungwa, nekuti zvinokanganisa nzvimbo dzinogara nharaunda uye kugara pamwe chete, kudzikisira uye kudzivirira vanhu kugara munzvimbo idzodzo.
Nekuuya kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, pakave nekuwedzera kuora mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekuti vanhu vanga vasina kunyatsoziva mhedzisiro yazviri kukonzera papasi.
Dambudziko iri rakatokonzeresa ozone layer, inova ine hunhu hunodiwa kuchengetedza zvipenyu kubva kumwaranzi ye ultraviolet inopenya zuva, izvo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya kune hutano hwezvinhu zvinogara mupasi uye zvakafanana zvakafanana. .
Munyika dzeLatin America dambudziko iri rakacherechedzwa nehukuru hwakawanda, nekuda kwekuti pakange pasina manejimendi akanaka nehurumende nehurumende, zvichibvumira marara akagadzirwa nevanhu vazhinji kuti awanikwe munzvimbo dzisina kunaka, kukonzera nzvimbo dzakasvibirira kurasikirwa nenzvimbo dzakajairika dzedunhu.
Kunyangwe muchikamu chenyika dambudziko iri rakakura riri kurwirwa, pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi yeAmerica, matanho anodiwa haana kutorwa kudzivirira kusvibiswa, nekuti haina kutorwa nehukuru hwakakosha.
Urombo
Urombo hunotsanangurwa semamiriro ezvinhu angafambirwa nemunhu kana nharaunda yese nekuremekedza mamiriro avo ezveupfumi nemagariro. hazvigoneke kuwana zvimwe zvakakosha mabhenefiti, senge dengu rechikafu, rinova iro rinopa chikafu chinopa macalorie akakosha ekuchengetedza hupenyu hune hutano.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzehurombo, nekuti mune dzimwe nguva kushaikwa kwedzidzo, mvura yekunwa, mbatya, imba, pakati pezvimwe zvinodiwa, zvinogona kucherechedzwa.
Izvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvehurombo imhedzisiro yekusarudzika munharaunda kune mamwe mapoka evanhu, kuvanyima mukana wekuwana mabasa anovagutsa kuti vawane hupenyu hwakanaka.
Munyika dzechiLatin, kukura kwakanyanya muhurombo kwakacherechedzwa mumakore apfuura, nekuda kwekusafambiswa zvakanaka kwehurumende, izvo zvisingakwanise kugadzira zvirongwa zvekubatanidza kana mabasa akanaka kune vanhu ava, uye mune dzimwe nguva, hongu Vanozviita asi vanopedzisira vasiya. shanda pakati, uchimanikidza vanhu kushandira mihoro yakaderera kwazvo iyo yavasingaone mabhenefiti.
Urombo idambudziko rakasimba rezvemagariro, nekuti vamwe vanobatanidzwa naro, nekuti kushomeka kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvevamwe vanhu kunokonzera kunzwa kwekuipa, nekuda kwekusiiwa kwenzanga.
Dzimba
Dambudziko iri rinokonzerwa neiro rakatsanangurwa pamusoro, nekuti, sezvo vanhu vasina mabhenefiti akakosha ehupfumi, mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvakavaomera kuti vatenge chikafu kuti vararame, saka hazvigoneke kuti vawane imba yavo mhuri.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzeLatin, masisitimu akagadzirwa kuti ape dzimba mahara kune vanhu vanozvida, asi mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvakaunza mhedzisiro yakaipa, nekuda kwekusarongeka kwavo kuvaka uye kuvaka.
Mhosva
Rimwe dambudziko rine njodzi munzanga rinoenda pamwe nehurombo, sezvo vanhu vazhinji vachizviwana vasingakwanise kupa hama dzavo mabhenefiti akadai sekudya, mbatya kana imba yakanaka, vanozvibvumira kutakurwa nehunhu husina kunaka ita zvisiri pamutemo izvo zvinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba.
Kune nyika dzeLatin America uko iyo mitemo isingatariswe zvachose, uyezve inotorwa nevagari pachavo, vachiranga matsotsi anokwanisa kuvabata nezvirango zvakakomba, kuve kudzikira kwenzanga, nekuti izvi zvinotorwa sezviito zvemhirizhonga.
Iri idambudziko renzanga rinogona kucherechedzwa pasirese, nekuti kwete chete vanhu vane zviwanikwa zvishoma ndivo vanopara mhosva, kune vamwewo vanokara vanoda kuwana hupfumi nenzira dziri nyore uye dzisingashande pane izvo zvavanoronga kupamba kukuru kusvika makambani.
Utsotsi hunounza nematambudziko akadai sehasha, kuponda, kubata chibharo, kushungurudzwa, kuregeredzwa uye nezviito zvese zvakaipa zvinorangwa nemitemo yakajairika.
Kushaya basa
Kushaikwa kwemikana yemabasa kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakomba munharaunda, saka izvi zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana munharaunda uye zvinogona kukonzeresa mhosva, nekuti mabasa ndiwo manyuko makuru emari yemhuri ipi neipi inogara munyika.
Iri idambudziko risina mhinduro rakawanikwa munyika dzinoverengeka dzeLatin America, uye zvakatowanda ikozvino nekuti huwandu hwevatorwa hwakura nekuda kwematambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzepedyo, zvichikonzera huwandu hwevanhu uye zvichikonzera kudiwa kukuru kwemabasa.
Kusarudzika kunosanganisirwa mune izvi, nekuti mamwe matunhu enharaunda anosarudza kusatambira basa rezvimwe zvikamu zvavanofunga kuti zvingaratidzika zvakashata, zvichizovakonzera manzwiro asina kunaka zvachose anovakanganisa nenzira yakatonyanya kuipa mune ramangwana.
Uori
Iri ibazi rematsotsi, nekuti ndezvematongerwo enyika kana masangano ehurumende asingaenderane nemitemo yakamisikidzwa neyavo, pakati payo masangano kubva kunzvimbo zhinji, senge vezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe nemapurisa, anogona kuonekwa achibatanidzwa. Pakati pevamwe.
Huori hunotsanangurwa seichi chiito chehuwori, umo vanhu vanotungamira kambani kana nyika, vanoshandisa uye shandisa simba ravakapihwa kuti vabatsirwe zvisiri pamutemo.
Mumakore achangopfuura zvakaonekwa munyika dzeLatin kuti huwori hwakwira sei kusvika pamwero wakanyanyisa, kunyangwe nenzira imwecheteyo yavakatsvaga kurwisa, asi sekupara mhosva zvinoita kunge dambudziko rakaoma rezvemagariro kupedzisa, nekuti vazhinji veavo vavanazvo zvinzvimbo mudunhu ivo vanhu vane vavariro dzakaipa.
Dzidzo Yakashata
Mune mazhinji eidzi nyika iyo kusavapo kwedzidzo Nekuda kweakawanda ematambudziko emagariro anoratidzwa pano, nekuti kune mhuri dzinoona zvisingaite kubhadhara fundo yakanaka.
Kunyangwe panguva dzinoverengeka masangano ehurumende akaedzwa, umo vanhu vese vanoda kana vanoshuvira kuwana dzidzo yakanaka, vanogona kuiwana vasina kuzvipira kubhadhara, zvakacherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwehuwori nemhosva, aiwa yakabudirira nzira yakanaka.
Haasi ese makesi akashata, nekuti kune vanhu vanonyatsoda shanduko, uye vanopa nguva yavo kuti vazvigadzirise, vachidzidza nekupa rubatsiro kunzanga, asi pachokwadi iyi muzana yakadzika kwazvo muzviratidzo.
Dzidzo yakaipa inogona kuunza matambudziko munharaunda mune ramangwana senge kupara mhosva, kushaikwa kwemabasa, hurombo pakati pevamwe, nekuti nhasi makambani ari kuda zvikuru kana uchihaya, saka vanokumbira sechinodikanwa chekuti vashandi vane dhigirii shoma redzidzo kuti vakwanise kushanda.
Kupindwa muropa
Matambudziko anowanzo kuunza mamwe matambudziko, saka kushomeka kwedzidzo, kushaikwa kwemabasa, utsotsi, zvichingodaro zvinogona kukonzera tsika dzakaipa, senge kushandisa zvinodhakas yemarudzi ese, angave madhiragi kana doro zvakawandisa izvo zvinogona kukuvadza hutano hwemutengi, uye neizvo zveavo vakamukomberedza.
Vazhinji vatadzi vakawanikwa vachitora zviito zvine hukasha mushure mekunwa chero cheizvi zvinhu, sezvo zvichitadzisa chero kunzwa kwekunzwira tsitsi.
Munyika dzeLatin America, huwandu hwakawanda hwekuyerera kwezvinhu izvi hunocherechedzwa nekunetsekana kukuru, kune zvirimwa zvikuru zvemarudzi ese emiti zvinokwanisa kuita kuti pfungwa nemuviri zvipinde muchidhoma, pamwe nemarabhoritari akagadzirirwa kugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira izvo zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya hutano.
Kune masangano mazhinji akabvumirana kugadzira mishandirapamwe inopokana nekudyiwa zvakanyanya kwechinhu ichi, kuyedza kuzivisa nezvenjodzi yavanotakura, uye kunyangwe mune mamwe matunhu mitemo yakatemwa kunyanya pamabhokisi emidzanga panoratidzwa mifananidzo yezvirwere kuti tsika dzekusvuta dzinogona kukonzera munhu.
Kukanganisa
Nekuda kwehurombo hwakanyanya, iri dambudziko rakakomba rezvemagariro anomuka, iro rinounza nerufu rusina kukodzera rwevanhu vazhinji, nekuda kwekusadya chero rudzi rwechikafu kwenguva yakareba.
Nyika dzeLatin dzinotambura zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwekushaya chikafu muhuwandu hwakawanda hwevagari varipo, kunyangwe huwandu hwepamusoro hwekushomeka kwezvakakwana hunogona kucherechedzwa mukondinendi yeAfrica kunoonekwa mamiriro ezvinhu asina hutsinye.
Kushaya zvinovaka muviri hakungogumisi pakusadya muhuwandu hwakakosha, asi zvakare kune chekuita nerudzi rwechikafu chinodyiwa, nekuti kuve nehutano hwakakwana kunofanirwa kudya zvese zvinoumba piramidhi rekudya, kuchinjanisa pakati pemapuroteni, mafuta, makabhohaidhiretsi, zvicherwa, mavitamini uye zvese zvinhu zvinoda kuti muviri ugone kushandisa basa rawo chairo.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzechiLatin iyo kushomeka kwezvakakosha zvigadzirwa zvetswanda zvigadzirwa, izvo zvakakonzera kuti vanhu vanogara mune dzimwe nyika vasavane nyore kuwana kwavari, vachifanira kudya mamwe marudzi ezvikafu mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvisingakwanise kupa zvinovaka muviri zvinovaka muviri.
Mhirizhonga
Rudzi urwu rwechinetso chemagariro rwakagara rwuchikanganisa nharaunda dzese dziri pasi, kunyangwe hazvo nhepfenyuro payakachinja, zvave zvichikwanisika kucherechedza maitiro atora mafomu matsva.
Mhirizhonga ine mhando dzakasiyana dzekuti danho rekushusha iro munhu anotambudzwa nezviito zvakadaro angatariswe.
Mhirizhonga kuvakadzi ndiyo yakanyanya kutarisirwa pasi rese nhasi, nekuda kwekufamba kukuru kwevanhukadzi, izvo zvinoramba zvachose pfungwa dzezvebonde, nekuti izvi zvakakonzera kusarurwa kwavo nekusabatwa zvakanaka pasina kushandisa zvirango zviri pamutemo kune vakashusha.
Parizvino pane mhando yechisimba yakadomwa sekudheerera, iko kushungurudza vanhu, kuriita kuti vanzwe kurambwa uye kuseka hunhu hwavo hwakasiyana, izvi zvakatodarika kusvika kumazinga ecybernetic, umo vanhu vanoita zvechisimba vanoita noutsinye kuburikidza nesocial network, kutuka nekuseka. vamwe vanhu zvisinei nekuti vanobata sei vamwe.
Iri idambudziko renzanga rinoonekwa pasirese, kunyangwe munyika dzeLatin America rave kuchionekwa kakawanda, nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakanyanya dzekudhakwa uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, izvo zvakakonzera kushungurudzwa kwemhuri uye kunyange nevasingazive.
Aya marudzi ezviito anowanzo kurangwa nemutemo, nekuti vanhu vane mhirizhonga muzviitiko zvakawanda vanogona kutokonzeresa rufu kune vavanobata.
Nzira inokurumidza yekugadzirisa dambudziko iri ndeyekuita kuti nharaunda nehurumende zvishande pamwe chete, imwe ichishandisa mitemo nezvirango zvinofanirwa kutevedzwa nemitemo inotungamira mukugara zvakanaka, uye nzanga inonzwisisa kuti matambudziko mashoma aripo , kukura kwavo kunenge kuri nani, uye nekudaro vanozokwanisa kushanduka voita nyika inobereka.