Biology isainzi yakakura kwazvo, inosanganisira kudzidza nezve zvipenyu zvepanyika, ingava mhuka, zvipembenene, zvirimwa uye kunyangwe zvisikwa pachazvo, kujekesa maitiro avo muzvinhu zvese, ndosaka ichida rutsigiro rweanenge ese mamwe masainzi.
Pakati peesainzi makuru anoshanda akabatana ne biology anogona kutaurwa, kemesitiri, fizikisi, jogirafi, ultrasound, anatomy, zoology, botany, nezvimwe zvakawanda, izvo zvinopa dhata rakakodzera kuona mhedzisiro mune ingangove ndima yehupenyu.
Kunyangwe imwe neimwe yesainzi yekubatsira yebiology iine chinangwa chavo, vanoshanda sechitsigiro chikuru chesainzi, nekuti sainzi iyi inofukidza munda muhombe wekudzidza, asi usati watanga kutsanangura masainzi ataurwa pamusoro, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise biology, uye zvese zvaunodzidza.
Chii chinonzi biology?
Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza nezvese zvine chekuita nezve zvipenyu, maitiro avo ezuva nezuva, pamwe nehunhu hwavo hwepabonde, iyo nzvimbo inovakomberedza uye kuti inovabata sei, maitiro ekuberekesa, uye shanduko yavo.
Biology inoedza kunzwisisa kuti zvipenyu izvi zvine hukama sei zvakasiyana uye seyakaenzana, nokudaro kuzadzikiswa, kusarudza uye kutonga mitemo yehupenyu hwehupenyu.
Izvi zvinofukidza nzvimbo hombe maererano nezvazvinodzidza, nekuda kwechikonzero icho chinoshanda pamwe chete nesainzi zhinji dzinobatsira kana kutsigira, nekuti chidzidzo ichi chinosanganisira zvese zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvipenyu uye zvisikwa zvakajairika.
Kune matavi akati wandei esainzi iyi, ayo ari hunyanzvi mukati maro, senge marine biology inoitisa kudzidza kwezvipenyu zvegungwa, uye nharaunda yavo yese.
Anobatsira Sayenzi yeBiology
Imwe neimwe yadzo inyanzvi mune yavo nyaya, yakazvimirira uye yechizvarwa, asi izvo zvinopa data rakakosha resainzi yezvisikwa zvipenyu, nekuda kwekuti izvo zvidzidzo zvataurwa zvakakosha zvakanyanya maererano nemaitiro nekusimudzira. izvo biology zvidzidzo.
Kunyangwe mamwe eaya achifungidzirwa semapazi ebiology, zvakave zvakare zvakagadziriswa kuti ivo vakazvimiririra, nekuda kweichi chikonzero vanotorwa sengebatsiro sainzi yebiology, iyo inotevera inogona kutaurwa.
Zvakatipoteredza
Izvi zvine basa rekufunda nharaunda nenzvimbo dzinogona kurarama kana kusakwanisa kurarama, kukudziridza nekushanduka, zvichipawo izvo zvinokanganisa vanhu, kuti vawane kuwirirana pakati pemarudzi ese anogara pasi pano.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti chikonzero chikuru nei iyo biology yezvakatipoteredza yekudzidza yakatanga yaive nekuda kwemadhigiri ekusvibisa ayo biosphere iri kutambura uye izvo nekudaro inogona kukanganisa budiriro yayo, uye shanduko uye yakakosha maitiro ezvese zvipenyu.
Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushanda pamwe chete nemamwe masayendisiti ebetsero ebiology senge zoology uye botany.
Mhindumupindu
Inoiswa pakudzidza kwakatangira, kusimudzira nekushanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu, zvichitarisa kwazvinotangira, uye mafambiro avakaita pamusoro pemakore, zvichienderana nematanho akasiyana akapfuura nepasi, uye kuti rakavakanganisa sei.
Charles Darwin ndiye akafanotungamira bazi iri rezvipenyu, nekuti akataura dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka, achichinja zvachose nzira yekufunga kwenzanga maererano nekwakabva rudzi rwevanhu.
Izvi zvinokurudzira mabhesiki ayo kupfuura chero chinhu muongororo yemafossil, ayo anoona kuti zvipenyu zvaimbove sei, uye kuti mamwe aive achinja sei.
Structural
Iyo sainzi yakatsaurirwa uye yakashandiswa kuchimiro chemamorekuru uye kukura kwavo, zvinoenderana zvikuru nezvidzidzo zvekurapa zvevanhu, semuenzaniso nazvo zvakagadziriswa kuti DNA inogadzirwa sei, mapuroteni, kuumbwa kwemamwe mamorekuru .
Iyi sainzi yakanyanya kukosha maererano nehutano hwevanhu, nekuti nayo inoporesa zvirwere zvakaita segomarara inogona kuvandudzwa, zvichingoenderana nemamorekuru avo, uyezve ichivagadzirira mishonga.
Development
Inoongorora zvese zvine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu sekureva kwazvinoita zita, zvinotarisa kuti matishu nenhengo zvinogadzirwa sei pakuita basa rekubata uye pamaatomu avo, uye ivo vanoramba vachiona maitiro ekukura uye kuchembera.
System
Iyo inoratidzirwa nekudzidza zvipenyu, kushanduka kwavo uye zvipenyu zvinogara mairi, vachishandisa masvomhu systematization senge rutsigiro rukuru, inozivikanwa zvakare nekuve akasiyana madhiri, inosanganisira akati wandei ebetsero masayendisiti ebiology.
Humana
Inoongorora hunhu hwese hwemunhu, nharaunda dzavanogona kana vasingakwanise kurarama, nzira yavo yekurarama uye njodzi dzinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwavo, chidzidzo chakanangana zvakanyanya nekusimudzira kwavo semunhu mupenyu uye kwete pane yavo mamorekuru chimiro.
Rudzi urwu rwebhayoloji rinotarisa chete kurudzi rwevanhu, rwunonyanya kukosha maererano nezvinhu zvinogona kana kuvakanganisa zvakaita sezvirwere, kupisa kwakanyanya, hunhu hwavo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Marina
Dzidza zvese zvine chekuita nezve zvisikwa zvegungwa, zvese mumuviri uye mamorekuru, izvi zviri pachena zvinosanganisira zvese zvipenyu nemiti.
Iyewo akazvipira kudzidza kuti angatarise sei nharaunda yegungwa, uye kuti yakanganiswa sei nekuda kweshanduko mumhepo, kana kusvibiswa.
Kubereka
Musiyano werudzi rwunoverengerwa maererano nenhanho yekubereka yaingave iinawo, uye zviri pachinhu ichi icho sainzi iyi yakavakirwa, iyo inogona kuona kana mhuka iri kuwanda, kana iri munjodzi yekutsakatika.
Anatomy
Dzidza magadzirirwo akaitwa muviri, angave vanhu kana chero munhu mupenyu, uchitsanangura nzvimbo chaidzo, pamwe nemazita enhengo, mapfupa uye zvinyama zvavanogona kuve nazvo.
Izvo zvinosanganisirawo kudzidza mashandiro enhengo yega yega pamwe nezvose zvinhu zvinoumba chipenyu, kuitira kumisikidza zvikanganiso zvavo uye maitiro ekuzvidzivirira.
Aerobiology
Inoongorora kugoverwa uye kupararira kwehupenyu hwakadai fungi, mukume, zvipuka, pakati pevamwe, pamwe nehunhu hwavo, izvo zvakabatsira sainzi yekurapa kurwisa kusawirirana.
Bhotani
Inotsvaga hukama hwezvirimwa nezvimwe zvipenyu, pamwe nekuvandudzika kwavo, kuumbwa, shanduko, uye kusimukira mune zvakatipoteredza, kushandisa zvese zvinofungwa nezvidzidzo zvehupenyu.
Biogeography
Iri ibasa rekufunda chinzvimbo chenyika yezvinhu zvipenyu, pamwe nekwakatangira kuti nei varipo, uye kuti zvave zvichichinja sei panyama.
Izvi zvinoda zvekubatsira zvesaenzi senge bhotani, zoology, ecology uye pakati pemamwe matavi, kuti zviitiswe.
Bhakitiriya
Inoshandisa zvese zvidzidzo uye mamwe matavi ebiology mune zvese zvinogona kunzi mabhakitiriya, izvi zvinosanganisira maitiro ayo ekuberekesa, kukura kwayo mune zvakatipoteredza, mamorekuru ayo, pakati pevamwe.
Biophysics
Biophysics inoshandisa dzese nzira dzefizikiki kupa akakosha uye akakosha data kune biology. Kwenguva yakati zvakamhan'arwa kuti iri ibazi rebiology kana fizikisi, nekuti maitiro mazhinji epanyama anoonekwa mune izvi, asi anoitirwa kutsigira biology.
Indeterminately, inofungidzirwa seyesenzi yekubatsira yebiology kune yakapusa chokwadi yekuipa iyo yakakosha ruzivo rwekudzidza kwayo.
Biochemistry
Inoongorora chimiro chemakemikari ezvisikwa zvipenyu, nemaitiro anogona kunge aine mamorekuru avo, senge metabolism semuenzaniso. Iyi sainzi yakaziviswa sebazi remakemikari, asi inoenderera ichipa data rinobatsira rezvipenyu.
Biomechanics
Iyo inoiswa mukudzidza kwekufamba, fizikisi, kuramba uye kuenzanisa kwemitumbi yezvinhu zvipenyu, rudzi urwu rwekudzidza runodaidzwa kuti kinematic uye mechina maitiro anowanikwa mumhuka, zvirimwa kana zvipenyu.
Biomechanics inovimba nefizikiki uye anatomi yechidzidzo chayo, kunyange hazvo ichive chakabatanidzwa kune bionics.
Cytology
Inotsvaga maseru padanho remakemikari uye epanyama, uye pamatanho akakwirira kupfuura iwo mamorekuru.
Zoology
Izvo zvinoenderana nekushandisa kwese hunhu hwezvidzidzo zvehupenyu kumhuka dzese marudzi, kunyangwe ari mammals, zvinokambaira, shiri pakati pevamwe, zvichizoziva mavambo avo uye shanduko.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti masayendisiti ebatsiro ebiology anogona kupatsanurwa, pamwe nehunyanzvi hweumwe neumwe wavo, semuenzaniso muZoology unogona kuwana matavi anoongorora imwe mhando senge Herpetology inotarisa pane zvinokambaira.
Biology yakagadzirawo zvidzidzo zvitsva nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, iyo yakaiswa mukati mayo mumatavi akadai sebionics, kana biotechnology, ayo anonyanya kushandisa kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji muzvinhu zvipenyu.
Cladistics
Iri ibasa rekudzidza nekuisa zvinhu zvipenyu zvinoenderana nemabasa avanazvo munzvimbo dzavanogara uye nemabatiro avangaite.
Ecology
Inoongorora hukama uhwo zvipenyu zvinogona kuve nazvo nemhoteredzo, kuti kuvapo kwavo kunoikanganisa sei, zvinobatsira zvipi zvavanopa uye zvinopesana, pamwe nekutarisa pane kusvibiswa kwepasi rose kuri kubata vese vagari vemarudzi ese epasi.
Ethology
Izvo zvinoenderana nekudzidza kwehunhu, hunhu uye kufunga kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana, munzvimbo dzavanogara, kana munzvimbo dzehusungwa, isainzi yekubatsira yesainzi ine yakawanda yepfungwa, uye inowanzoitwa pamwe nekutsvaga mumunda.
Epidemiology
Izvi zvinoratidzirwa nekudzidza kuumbwa uye kurongeka kwezvirwere uye nzira dzadzo dzekuparadzira kwakananga.
Genetics
Chinangwa chikuru chesainzi iyi kuwana dhata pamajene anoumba zvisikwa zvipenyu, nehunhu hwavo hwenhaka, senge DNA inodzokororwa kana kuteedzerwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa.
Muvanhu, genetics yakabatsira kuona kana mwana achazvarwa aine hunhu hwababa, kana hwaamai, nekuda kwekudzidza kwenzira yenhaka yemagen'a.
Ontogeny
Dzidza kuti zvipenyu zvinogadzirwa sei uye zvakatanga sei, zvichibva pane yavo mamorekuru chimiro, uye avo vanogona madzitateguru ayo anokwanisa kudzidza kuburikidza paleontology.
Paleontology
Inodzamisa kudzidza kwemafossil ezvimwe zvingangodaro zvakatsakatika, izvo zvikamu zvacho zvese zvinogona kuongororwa nekuda kwehuwandu hwehutachiona uye zvidiki zvinowanikwa mazviri.
Kutenda kune iyi sainzi yekubatsira yebiology, iyo inoshandawo geology, zvave zvichikwanisika kuona mamwe maitiro uye nzira dzekurarama idzo mhuka dzekare senge dinosaurs dzaive nadzo.