Iyo cerebellum iri iri mune yakasarudzika cranial fossa, yekumashure kune uropi uye yakaderera kune iyo occipital lobe, inzvimbo isinganzwisisike yepakati ine saizi pakati peanoposterior dhayamita ye 5.6-6.6 sentimita uye inopindirana dhayamita ye 8-10 masentimita, nehurefu hwe4-5 sentimita uye anenge huremu 130 kg.
Maronda munzvimbo ino haawanzo kuverengerwa nekuoma mitezo, asi asi nemota dzinokanganisa, senge mamiriro, kunetseka kuita kumwe kufamba uye kuzvidzidza.
Pave paine zvimwe zvidzidzo mumhuka zvakaratidza kuti cerebellum ndiyo yakakosha anoona nezvekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemotokari, kuyedza kwakadai kwakaratidza kuti kukuvara kwakakonzeresa mukati mayo kwakakonzera avo vakakanganiswa kuita mafambiro asinganzwisisike uye asina kujeka.
Kunyangwe pari zvino zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti cerebellum inozadzisa akawanda mabasa kupfuura iyo mota system, uye zvakatonyanya kuoma sekusimudzira mutauro, mamwe maitiro ekuziva, kutarisisa uye kugona kwehunyanzvi.
Chii chinonzi cerebellum?
Iyo ndiyo mutongi wekusimudza muviri, inodaidzwa kuve dunhu rehuropi iro rinozivikanwa nekubatanidza zvese manzwiro uye mota nzira kune yetsinga system, izvi zvakabatana zvakanyanya nedzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi uye netambo yemuzongoza kuburikidza nekusiyana kwemasumbu emitsipa, izvi zvichizobatawo kutsanangura ruzivo rwese rwunotumirwa cerebral cortex kumidziyo yemota kuti iite basa rakanaka
Iyo cerebellum ndechimwe chezvikamu zvinoumba iyo yepakati tsinga system, uye ndiyo yechipiri pakukura, mushure mehuropi ehe saizvozvo, iri munzvimbo dzepazasi nepashure pehenya.
Uropi hune humwe hunhu hunoratidza kuti huri mukutarisira kwese kwakaomarara kufamba kwemotokari uye kuuraya, pakati peakakurumbira pane anotevera.
Evolution
Iyo ine mukana wekukamura kuita zvikamu zvitatu panguva yekuita kwayo shanduko, iyo iine chaiwo mabasa.
- Lobe yepashure: izvi zvinoonekwa nekuve chikamu chazvino kwazvo chekushanduka kwecerebellum.
- Anterior lobe: Iyi inonzi yechipiri lobe mukuitika kwayo kwekushanduka.
- Flocculo-nodular lobe: Ndicho chikamu chekare checerebellum yese, inozivikanwa zvakare kuve yechinyakare.
Mabasa zvinoenderana nezvavanoda
Iyo cerebellum ine matatu akasiyana mabasa, ayo anosiyana zvichienderana neyakarereka yairi kushandisa.
- Inopindira uye inogadzirisa: zvese zvinomira otomatiki uye zvekuzvidira kufamba, uyezve zvine mukana wekubatanidza zvese zvetsandanyama mhasuru kuti ive nekutonga kuri nani kwemuviri wese, iri basa hunhu hweshure hwekunze.
- Chengeta: iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza mhasuru toni yemuviri wese, hunhu hweanterior lobe.
- Zviyero: iyo flocculo-nodular lobe ine kugona kwekuchengetedza uye kumisikidza muyero mune mhasuru dzese nemuviri, ichiwana kuzara kuzere
Anatomy
Inopa pekugara kunzira dzisingazive dzetsinga, uye inoumbwa nema hemispheres maviri, uye kunyanya pakati peizvi pane kamuri kadiki kanonzi Vermis, ine chimiro chakada kufanana neicho chehonye, uye Ndipo pane tsinga nzira dzataurwa pamusoro dzinopera.
Neurons
Zvinoshamisa mucerebellum kune makumi mashanu muzana ezere nhamba yeeuroni muuropi hwese, kunyangwe izvi zviri zvakaenzana 50% yehukuru hwese hwehuropi.
Neurons ndiwo magumo etsinga pamwe chete nemaitiro avo.
Kubatana
Iyo cerebellum inokwanisa kumisikidza matatu marudzi ekubatana kuburikidza neayo cerebellar pendulums, ayo ari tambo dzayo. Mhando dzekubatana dzinoenderana nependulum yainoshandisa.
- Pazasi pendulum: inokwanisa kubatanidza medulla oblongata netambo yemusana.
- Pakati pendulum: iyo annular protuberance inosangana neo-cerebellum, idzi dzinozivikanwa nekuve dzakakora tambo dzemhando idzi nhatu.
- Kumusoro pendulum: Iyo ine kugona kubatanidza iyo yepakati nuclei yeiyo cerebellum nehuropi inodzika kuburikidza nemota fibers.
Yemukati kugadzirisa
Iwo marongero ane cerebellum akapatsanurwa kuita mhando mbiri dzezvinhu zvinoenderana neruvara, idzo dzakachena uye chena.
Iyo grey nyaya yakakamurwa kuita 4 cerebellar nuclei uye yavo cortex, iyo yega yega ine basa ravo, uye ndeinotevera.
- Serrated musimboti: iyi ndiyo inobatana neo-cerebellum, uyezve ndiyo yakasimukira.
- Emboliform nucleus: iyi ndiyo hombe inodzora ekupedzisira ane yavo yekuita mota mashandiro.
- Globose musimboti: Inoonekwa nekuve nechimiro chakafanana nemavara "S"
- Fastigial nucleus: Icho chiri pamusoro pekumisikidza chiyero mumuviri uye mhasuru dzayo.
Chitarisiko
Iyo cerebellum yakazara yakavharwa necebrospinal fluid, uye ine chimiro chine ovoid chinoda kuziva, huropi hwemurume hunogona kuyera magiramu 9 pane uyo wemukadzi, uye hunogona kurema magiramu ari pakati pe150 ne180, uyezve inoumbwa nezviso zvitatu: chepasi, chepamusoro nechekunze.
- Chiso chepasi: Inobatana zvakananga neiyo occipital fossa yehenya, inonzi cerebellar fossae, iyo inotsigirwa neyekugara kwenguva.
- Chiso chepamusoro: Inobatana nemadziro anonzi tentorium cerebellum, uye inozivikanwa nekuve nechimiro chakafanana neicho chedenga.
- Chiso chepamberi: annular pons uye medulla oblongata zvakabatana nekuda kweizvi.
Mabasa eiyo cerebellum
Basa guru reizvi ndere kurongedza nekutumira zvinokonzeresa zvekufamba uye kunzwa, ichi ndicho chikuru chinokonzeresa kuzviuru zvezvimwe zvingangoitika kunze, kugona kuita system yekudzivirira, kubhururuka pakati pevamwe vasati vataurwa.
Ane iyo kugona kuona nekuchengetedza ruzivo kuuya kubva kucerebral cortex, kukwanisa kuita chero kukurudzira kungave nemuviri, kuchikonzera kufamba kwemhasuru, dzinosanganisira hunyanzvi senge mitauro, hunyanzvi hwekuita semimhanzi, hunyanzvi hwepanyama, pakati pevamwe.
Iyo cerebellum chikamu chehuropi hwevakawanda vapenyu, kunyange hazvo mune zvimwe zvinokura zvakanyanya kupfuura mune zvimwe, sezvazvakaita nehove, shiri uye maamphibian, uye avo vanazvo zvakanyanyisa kukura zvinogona kunzwisiswa mukati memhuka, kuva mhuka chekutanga.
Mamwe maratidziro ane hukama necellbellum
Izvi zvinogona kuratidza kumwe kukundikana, kunokonzerwa nekukuvara, uko kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakura mumota uye mabasa emitauro yemunhu anotambura neaya maratidziro, pakati pezvakanyanya kukosha zvinotevera.
- Ataxia: Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuratidzira kunetseka mukuzvipira uye kusazvibata kufamba kwevanhu, izvo zvinounza kuoneka kwezvinetso zvakaita sehyperthermia, dyschronometry, adiadocosinecia uye asynergia.
- Hypotonia: varwere vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuratidza kuderera kwekufamba kwemhasuru uye kurova kwemhasuru.
- Kudengenyeka kusingadi: Pane kukundikana mucerebellum, iyo inoshanda semutongi wekudengenyeka kwemuviri, saka kudengenyeka kunogona kucherechedzwa paunenge uchiedza kuunganidza chero tsandanyama, inova kufamba kusingadiwi kwemunhu, saka hazviitwe nechinangwa.
Kune mamwezve ma syndromes ane hukama necerebellum, iyo inomuka sekukuvara, kukuvadza kana kukanganisa zvakanyanya mashandiro emota dzevanhu, pakati pezvakanyanya kuita zvinotevera.
Hemispheric cerebellar syndrome
Chikonzero chikuru cheichi ischemia kana bundu rinowanikwa mucerebellar hemispheres, iyo inounza mota matambudziko mumativi, ichitarisa zvakanyanya kupfuura chero chinhu pamakumbo nemaoko.
Vermis cerebellar chirwere
Inotarisa pakushaikwa kwekutonga kwenzvimbo dzepakati dzomuviri senge trunk nemusoro, kudzivirira munhu kubva pakuzvichengeta zvakagadzikana, dzimwe nguva kurasikirwa nemwero, kugona nemaune kudonha kumberi kana kumashure.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekukuvadza cerebellum uye nekudaro inokanganisa kugona kweyemuviri mota mota, senge mavanga, chepfu, mamota, hutachiona, kushungurudzika, kupera simba, matambudziko etsinga, uye kukanganisa.