Zvirimwa zvipenyu zvephotosynthetic, iyo inokwanisa kugadzira chikafu chavo. Ivo havana locomotive kugona uye nekuwedzera, yavo maseru madziro anoumbwa kazhinji esero cellose.
Kutenderera kwehupenyu kwezvirimwa kunofadza zvikuru, sezvo ihwo hupenyu hwakaoma kunzwisisa hwakatitenderedza uye isu hatiwanzofunga nezve maumbirwo awo; kusiyana nechikoro, nekuti uyu ndiwo musoro wenyaya uyo unowanzoonekwa mune yesainzi sainzi. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchiri kusaziva iwo matanho avo ehupenyu, mune ino positi iwe unowana iwo wakanyanya kutsanangurwa ruzivo.
Zvirimwa zvakakosha kwazvo kune zvakatipoteredza, asiwo kune zvimwe zvipenyu zvakaita sevanhu; sezvo izvi zvisiri kungopa chikafu nekuchenesa mweya, asi zvinoshandiswawo mumafekitori (huni, bepa, pakati pevamwe) uye mukugadzirwa kwemishonga.
Zvikamu zveiyo hupenyu hwehupenyu hwekutenderera
Hupenyu hwayo kutenderera hunofungidzirwa kunge hwerudzi haplodiplon uye ine nhanho ina, imwe neimwe ichisiyaniswa nehunhu hwayo nemabasa; nenzira imwechete iyo yaizove yeimwe mhuka yakaita semurume, ndiko kuti, chirimwa chinopinda nepachiri kuberekwa, kukura, kubereka uye kufa; chete kana ichinge yaberekazve, nzira inoparadzirwa nembeu inogona kusiyana.
Dyara mbeu
Zvirimwa zvinoberekana pabonde zvinotanga kutenderera nembeu, uko inokwanisa kumera nekukura kana mamiriro ari akanaka; chikonzero icho maererano nemhando dzese dzemuti, pachave nenzira dzakasiyana dzekumonyanisa. Mbeu idzi dzine "embryo" yemuti.
Kana iwe uchida kuita kuyedza nenyemba, bhinzi, garrofon kana chirimwa chaunoda, nzira yakanakisa yekuzviita kutsvaga chigadziko chakajeka, mauri kuisa bepa kana donje iro rakanyorova nembeu. Pfungwa ndeyekuchengetedza donje kana bepa rakanyorova uye nekuona mafambiro aya.
Kumera
Mbeu yacho iri kamwe munzvimbo mune mamiriro ezvinhu anodikanwa pakuzvarwa kwayo, chikamu chekumera chinotanga. Zvinhu zvakakosha izvi zviri nyore, mvura uye kupisa, uko chirimwa chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana asi pakuyedza izvo zvataurwa pamusoro zvinokwana
Mazuva mashoma gare gare, yekutanga radicle ichabuda kubva mumbeu, inozokura nekukura, ichiita kutaridzika kwakafanana kune yakafanana mudzi; Uye zvakare, iyo yekunze layer yembeu ichauya.
Kana iri mbeu dicotyledons, rukoko rwekunze runopfavisa kutora mwando uye kana rwangodyarwa, rwunokamurwa; apo iyo monocots ivo havapatsanure, asi vanochengetwa panguva yekuvandudzwa kwemuti.
Development
Mbeu
Rimwechete chirimwa chinotanga kukuraChikamu chayo chidiki chinonzi "seedling", uko macotyledons (primordial mashizha) achave akavhurwa uye iyo plumule inokura, iyo inobvumidza kukura kwemashizha ayo ekutanga.
Kukura
Nhanho inotevera mukuyedza ndeye kuiburitsa kubva mumudziyo uye kuiendesa pasi, nekuti macotyledon akazodonha uye chirimwa chinofanira kuramba chichikura; Sezvo ivo vanopedza hupenyu hwavo hwese vachikura, ndosaka vachifanira kudimburwa nguva nenguva, zvinoenderana nerudzi.
Mune izvi chirimwa hupenyu kutenderera nhanho, ivo vanofanirwa kutanga kugadzira chikafu chavo kuti varambe vachikura, maitiro anozivikanwa se photosynthesis uye kuti kugona kuzviita kunowanikwa kana mashizha ekutanga aonekwa.
Photosynthesis inozivikanwa semakemikari maitiro ayo zvirimwa zvine simba rekushandura zvinhu zvisina kujairika kuita organic, nekuda kwesimba kubva kuzuva. Izvi ndezvekutenda kune chlorophyll (green pigment mumashizha uye madzinde).
Sezvo chirimwa chinokura kumusoro, midzi inoramba ichidzika, sezvo ichida kupinza zvakadzika muvhu kuti ipinze zvinovaka muviri nemvura zvirimo.
Kuberekerwa
Zvirimwa zvinogona kubereka zvese pabonde uye asexually, zvinoreva kuti zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa, pachave neakasiyana maitiro ekuberekesa. Iyo zvinomera zvinokura kubva pambeu kubereka pabonde; nepo maexexual ari kuburikidza nemastolon anoburitswa naamai chirimwa.
Iwo ekuzvara pabonde anokwanisa kubereka kuburikidza neruva sezvo riine vese varume kana vakadzi, izvo zvinobvumidza kudyidzana pakati pepuru uye ovary. Chinangwa ndechekuti yekutanga inosvika kune yechipiri, chimwe chinhu chinozadzikiswa kuburikidza neshiri dzinotarisira kuita mukume kumaruva, uko kwavanokwezva nekunhuwidza uye ruvara runogadzirwa nemukume mumwe chete.
Kana mavuvu akasangana anoita mbeu kuti neimwe nzira kana imwe inosvika pasi kana pasi (kazhinji nemhuka, mhepo kana vanhu) uye kana vakawana mamiriro ezvinhu mairi, vanotanga kumera uye neiyi kutenderera yaizozvidzokorora zvakare.
Nekudaro, kubereka kweasexual kunofanirwa kusimbiswa, nekuti mhando iyi inotevera maitiro ekuberekesa zvakasiyana nehumwe hupenyu hwekutenderera kwezvirimwa. Izvi zvinokwanisa kukura nekutenda kumatrol akaburitswa naamai, nekuti vanasikana vanozvarwa panoperera idzi. Gare gare midzi inokwanisa kupinda muvhu uye inotanga kukura yakazvimiririra.
Uku kwave kutenderera nematanho ehupenyu hwechirimwa, icho kunyangwe hazvo chichisiyana mukuberekana kwavo, zvimwe zvikamu zvakafanana. Ivo vanoonekwa sevapenyu nekuti vane basa vasati vafa, nekuti ivo vanozvarwa, vanorerwa uye vanokura, vanozvara uye vanofa, mumwe nemumwe mune imwe nhambo yenguva.