10 kuziva pamusoro paThomas Edison

Musi waGumiguru 18, 1931, mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira vevanhu akafa, Thomas Edison, munyori wemitsara yakakura uye inozivikanwa se "Chiitiko hachimbokundikani, chinongouya kuratidza chimwe chinhu." Kurangarira zuva rekufa kwake, Ndinokuunzira gumi kuziva pamusoro pehupenyu hwake.

• Muna 1877, Thomas Edison akakurudzira kushandisa izwi rekuti "mhoro" sekukwazisa nhare. Zvinotaridza kuti pfungwa iyi yakatariswa.
• Iyo indasitiri yemamuvhi yakagara muHollywood nekuti vagadziri vemafirimu vaiyedza kutiza kubva kuna Thomas Edison (anogara muNew Jersey). Edison aive nemvumo pama kamera emifananidzo.
• Henry Ford anochengetera shamwari yake yekupedzisira mweya weThomas Edison muhubhu yekuyedza. Parizvino iri kuratidzwa muFord Museum.
• Akapa patent zvinopfuura 1000 zvigadzirwa (panguva yehupenyu hwake hwechikuru akaita zvigadzirwa mazuva ese gumi nemashanu).
• Thomas Edison akabata magetsi Topsy, iyo nzou yemasikisi, kuratidza kuti kuchinjisa magetsi kwaive nenjodzi. Pane vhidhiyo yakanyorwa yenguva yacho.
• Pane runyerekupe rwekuti vese Nikola Tesla naThomas Edison vakaramba Mubayiro weNobel muFizikiki nekuti vakaramba kuugovana sezvo vese vairamba vachizvidzwa.
• Thomas Edison aive neakakurumbira mashanu-poindi paturu yakatemerwa nyoro paruoko rwake. Muchokwadi, izvo zviridzwa zveateki maartist anoshandisa nhasi kushanduka kwepeni iyo Edison akagadzira muna 5.
• Chimwe chezvikonzero nei Thomas Edison akagadzira giramufomu yaive yekunyora mazwi ekupedzisira uye zvishuwo zvevanhu vanofa. Tsime
• Sekureva kwemwanasikana wake chaiye, Marion Estelle Edison, Thomas Edison akaronga kumukadzi wake achishandisa kodhi yeMorse.
• Thomas Edison haana kugadzira yekutanga girobhu. Canada Matthew Evans akagadzira girobhu rekutanga remagetsi muna 1874, makore mashanu vasati vatengesa patent kuna Edison pamadhora zviuru zvishanu.

Ndakatya rima

Kana paine kuda kuziva pamusoro paThomas Edison uyo asiri munhu wese anoziva asi izvo zvinokwezva kutariswa, zviri zvekuti aitya rima. Aionekwa sehunyanzvi, mumwe wevanonyanya kugadzira nyika yakambove nayo. Iye anozivikanwa zvakanyanya kune ake maviri anonyanya kushandiswa zvigadzirwa. Imwe yaive yekumberi kune zvinyorwa zvevinyl, giramufomu, yaigona kurekodha uye kuburitsa ruzha, uye girobhu racho remwenje., iyo yaive musimboti wedzimba dzese kwemakumi emakore.

Pamwe girobhu racho raive gadziriso yezvakakosha. Kunyangwe girobhu racho rakanga risiri zano rake, Thomas Edison ndiye akatanga kugadzira girobhu rakavimbika uye rinoshanda remagetsi. Isati yagadzirwa, munhu wepakati aivimba nemirazvo yechiedza, senge nemwenje wegesi, makenduru, nemwenje weparafini. Girobhu remwenje rakavadzingira vanhu vazhinji.

Zvichida simba rinotyaira iro rakagadzirwa nderekuti Thomas Edison aitya rima. Ndizvozvo, Thomas Edison aitya rima. Akaburitsa kutya kwake kwerima panguva yehurukuro. Apo Edison akashaya, akafa nemwenje yose iri mumba make.

Nepo vazhinji vangabvunze kuti sei murume akangwara saThomas Edison aitya rima, zvine chekuita nehungwaru. Kutya hunhu hwepanyama, uye pachezvayo hunogona kunge husina musoro mune vanhu vane pfungwa.

Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvaThomas Edison

Pamusoro pegiramufomu kana girobhu mwenje, Thomas Edison aivewo nechokuita nekugadzirwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakachinja nyika sekuzivikanwa kwaive panguva iyoyo. Tevere isu tichaudza iwe nezve zvinhu zviviri nezve zvigadzirwa zvake zvaungangodaro iwe usina kuziva nezvazvo.

Maindasitiri Emagetsi Systems

Maive muna 1882 ndipo pakatanga kushanda chiteshi chemagetsi chekutanga, chiri paPearl Street muManhattan yakaderera, ichipa mwenje nemagetsi kune vatengi munzvimbo diki. Nguva yemagetsi yakatanga sezvo indasitiri yakazoshanduka gare gare. Thomas Edison's Pearl Street Electric Electric Generating Station yakaunza zvinhu zvina zvakakosha zvechizvino magetsi sisitimu sisitimu. Iyo yairatidza yakavimbika yepakati chizvarwa, inoshanda kugovera, kubudirira kumagumo-kushandisa, uye yemakwikwi mitengo. 

Iko kudiwa kwemagetsi hakuna kumira kukura uye kwakabva pakuva sevhisi yehusiku kusvika pakuva semaawa makumi maviri nemana nekuda kwekuda kwemagetsi mune izvo zvinodiwa neindasitiri. Kubudirira kwemwenje wemagetsi kwakatungamira Thomas Edison kuenda kumatunhu matsva emukurumbira nehupfumi sezvo magetsi achipararira pasirese. Makambani ayo emagetsi akasiyana siyana akaramba achikura kudzamara abatanidzwa kuita Edison General Electric muna 24.

Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwezita rake muzita rekambani, Edison haana kumbodzora kambani. Iyo hombe huwandu hwemari inodiwa kugadzira iyo incandescent mwenje indasitiri ingangoda kubatanidzwa kwevakuru mabhanga. Edison General Electric paakabatanidzwa nemukwikwidzi aitungamira Thompson-Houston muna 1892, Edison akabva pazita uye kambani ikangova General Electric.

Mafirimu

Kufarira kwaThomas Edison mumafirimu kwakatanga pamberi pa1888, asi kwaive kushanya kwemutori wemifananidzo weChirungu Eadweard Muybridge kune rabhoritari yake muWest Orange munaKukadzi wegore iro izvo zvakamukurudzira kugadzira kamera yemafirimu.

Muybridge akange aronga kuti vashande pamwe nekubatanidza Zoopraxiscope neiyo Edison giramufomu. Edison akafadzwa asi akasarudza kusapinda musangano wakadai nekuti aifunga kuti Zoopraxiscope yakanga isiri nzira inoshanda kana inoshanda yekurekodha kufamba.

Nekudaro, akafarira zano uye akatumira yambiro kuPatent Hofisi muna Gumiguru 17, 1888, izvo akatsanangura pfungwa dzake dzechigadzirwa chinga "itira ziso zvinoitwa nefonogirafu nzeve": nyora uye ubudise zvinhu zvinofamba. Mudziyo, unonzi 'Kinetoscope', waive musanganiswa wemazwi echiGiriki anoti 'kineto' zvinoreva kuti 'kufamba' uye 'scopos' zvinoreva kuti 'kutarisa'.

Chikwata chaEdison chakapedza kugadzira Kinetoscope muna 1891. Imwe yemafirimu ekutanga aEdison (uye yekutanga firimu rekodhi) yakaratidza mushandi wake Fred Ott achinyepera kuhotsira. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru panguva iyoyo nderekuti pakanga pasina bhaisikopo rakanaka remamuvhi.

Zvese izvo zvakachinja muna 1893 apo Eastman Kodak akatanga kuendesa mafirimu maficha, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti Edison awedzere kugadzirwa kwemafirimu matsva. Akavaka studio yekugadzira bhaisikopo muNew Jersey yaive nedenga raigona kuvhurwa kuti riite masikati machena. Chivako chose chakavakwa kuitira kuti chikwanise kufamba kuti chienderane nezuva.

C. Francis Jenkins naThomas Armat vakagadzira purojekita yemufirimu inonzi Vitascope uye vakakumbira Edison kuti ape mafirimu uye vagadzire purojekita pasi pezita ravo. Pakupedzisira, iyo Edison Kambani yakagadzira purojekita yayo, inozivikanwa seProjekisikopu, ndokumisa Vitascope. Iwo mafirimu ekutanga kuratidzwa mu "theatre" muUnited States akaburitswa kuruzhinji muna Kubvumbi 23, 1896, muNew York City.

Aya anongova mashoma ekuziva nezvaThomas Edison aungave usinga zive, nekuti semunhu chero ane mukurumbira wenguva yake, zvaive nyore kupotsa zvimwe zvinhu nekuda kwemakumi emakore apfuura kubvira ipapo. Kunyangwe nekutenda kune ruzivo rwakatorwa isu takakwanisa kuunganidza izvi zvido zvekuti, iwe unoziva, zvishoma zvishoma nezve uyu shasha uyo, kunyangwe achitya rima, iye aikwanisa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakachinja nzira yenzanga.