Mushure mekupedza makore ekutanga ehupenyu hwake pasi pekutya uye kusagadzikana kweFirst World War, Erich Fromm anosarudza kupa shanduko nyowani kuhupenyu hwake. Pasina kupokana mumwe wevamiriri vevamiriri vezana ramakore rapfuura, akakwanisa kuzviisa pakati pevanyori vaiverengwa zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo, uyezve, aive anodisa Marxist aive mutariri wekupa imwe chirevo kuNeo-Freudism nekutangwa kwechikoro chekutanga cheNeo-Freudian.
Ndiye mumwe wevanonyanya kufunga panguva iyo hupenyu hwayo hwakatora kutendeuka kusingatarisirwi mune dzakakosha nguva dzevanhu. Kune izvi uye nezvimwe, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezve yehupenyu hwake uye dzidziso dzaakapa kune nyika ye psychoanalysis uye kune tsika kazhinji.
Yekutanga biography
Akakurira mumusha une vabereki vane hukama husina kugadzikana, baba vake vaive murume ane mhirizhonga ane hunhu hwakachinja uye amai vake vaive mukadzi anozviisa pasi uye akashushikana, inguva shoma dzaakakwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu kudzivirira hupenyu hwake.
Iye akazvarwawo muna 1900 kuGerman, nyika yaizomupa hupenyu husina kusimba pamwe chete neyaakatotungamira kumba nevabereki vake. Mukati memhepo yehondo Erich Fromm akapedza makore ekutanga ehupenyu hwake nekutya uye kutya kunekunze uye kwaari, uko kusagadzikana kwakatokura zvakanyanya kukunda maari kusvika ave pazera.
Akanyura munzvimbo isingafarire kukura kwake, akafunga kutsamira pakunamata kwevanasekuru vake, achiva rabhi pamwe chete nasekuru vake. Panguva iyoyo ndipo paanoona, kuti anokwanisa kuona zvakanyanya kupfuura chero munhuwo zvake munharaunda yake; Nekuda kweizvozvo, aizo sarudza gare gare kuva asingatendi kuti kuna Mwari.
Pasina mubvunzo, kubuda kwechechi kwakamubatsira kuva nazvo maonero echokwadi akasiyana nepfungwa yaakatove nayo asati ave mudikiZvakabatsira zvakawanda kusiya imba yake kuchechi senzira yerusununguko kubva muchizarira maaigara.
Kunzwa kutsva kwehumunhu kwaizomutora kuenda kwakasiyana mafambiro uye kuve akasununguka murume. Humanism uye Hondo Yenyika I yaive hwaro hwetsva uye inosunungura kusava nechokwadi pamasimba ekuziva kwevanhu, kufunga kwevanhu uye simba rekuzvidza chero dzidziso kana hunhu hwevanhu kuti vawane runyararo mukati mechokwadi chepasirese.
Kuchinja kwakakosha uye kumonyorora muhupenyu hwaErich Fromm
Pakutanga kwema20s, ari murume wechidiki kuyunivhesiti, kuda kwake kwekudzidzisa kwakatanga. Nedhigirii muMutemo paYunivhesiti yeFrankfurt neSociology kuYunivhesiti yeHeidelberg.
Chimwe chidimbu chakamubatsira kusimudzira tsvagiridzo yake Mukudzika kwaive Psychoanalyst Frieda Reichmann uyo waaisazogara naye kwenguva refu akaroora, zvakadaro yakanaka nyaya yehukama inozvarwa.
Ipapa panguva yehupenyu hwake ndipo paanoisa parutivi nguva yake semutendi uye anova asingatendi kuti kuna Mwari, zvakaenzanisirwa zvakaenzana nemweya wezvematongerwo enyika weBerlin mumakore iwayo.
Rinenge riri gore 1929 paakatanga kuita sa psychoanalyst kudzidzisa vadzidzi vasina kunzi "vanachiremba" panguva iyoyo. Kwapera gore, aive Director weDhipatimendi rePsychology yeInstitute for Social Research, panguva imwe chete achitanga zvidzidzo zvekutanga pane zveMarxist dzidziso.
Kutamira kune imwe kondinendi
Mushure memakore matatu kubva mukusimudzirwa uku uye chinzvimbo chakakosha mukati meInstitute, akasarudza kuenda kunogara kuUnited States nekuda kwekutambudzwa kwakasimba naAdolf Hitler, paakatanga kuwana mukurumbira, Erich aifanira enda kuAmerica. Nekudaro, zvinonzi aive nekumwe kupesana naTheodor Adorno, mumwe mudzidzisi pachikoro chimwe icho Erich aive Director.
Nekudaro, pamwe chete nevanoverengeka vaanoshanda navo kubva kusangano rimwe chete, iye anotanga kosi nyowani akananga kuAmerica, nzvimbo iyo yake yekutanga uye yakakosha inoshanda seyepfungwa dzinozozvarwa, inogara yakavakirwa Pfungwa uye hwaro hwaSigmund Freud.
Akaroora zvakare muna 1943 pamwe nemutorwa wechiGerman anonzi Henny Gurland. Kuroora kwaFromm naGurland kwakatora makore matatu, ayo akapedzerwa muCuernavaca, Mexico. Mushure memakore matatu emuchato, mukadzi wake wechipiri akafa.
Yakagadzwa muMexico, anodzidzisa kuAutonomous University yeMexico se psychoanalyst uye psychologist, nzvimbo imwecheteyo ichave imba yake yekutanga ye Psychoanalysis chikamu zvakasikwa naiye pachake.
Nemakore akati wandei eruzivo uye chisungo chakabudirira nemabhuku, Fromm akaroora zvakare Annis Glove Freeman, mubatanidzwa uyu wakakonzera Fromm kuita imwe sarudzo yakakosha yehupenyu hwake: kusiya Marxism kumashure uye kubvisa zvachose kufunga kwechivanhu.
Kurarama muWashington, akazova mutsigiri wemifambiro yekurwisa Hondo yeVietnam uye nekurudziro yakasimba mushure mekuburitsa rimwe remabhuku ake akabudirira "Unyanzvi hwerudo"; Fromm ine yakanyanya kuratidza hunhu uye rudo maonero pahupenyu. Iko munhu anokwanisa kuda nekuda kwehupenyu hwake asi kwete nekuda kwechishuwo chake chekuva nacho, iyo pakupedzisira iri ego.
Akave nehupenyu huzere nekubudirira huzere nezvinoreva zvemoyo, akapinda munyika yezvekunamata uye kudzidza kwepfungwa dzevanhu. Mumakore makumi manomwe, anotamira kuSwitzerland kuti afe mazuva mashanu asati asvika makore makumi masere ekuberekwa.
Erich Fromm Zvinangwa
Akasimba hunhu, Erich aive nepfungwa yemhedzisiro uye maitiro ekuve semhedzisiro yemagariro miscellany akagadzirisa hunhu hwake. Kubvira pakatangira munhu, sekureva kwaFromm uye hunhu, akagadziriswa maererano nekufambira mberi uye hunhu hwenzanga dzaari.
Sekureva kwaErich, nzanga ndeyeMacavavellian uye ine simba rakakura pane zvisarudzo zvehunhu zvinoitwa nemunhu maererano nezvezuva rake rehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Imwe ye nzvimbo huru kumisikidza hukama hwehukama nevechitatu mapato, zvaingoitika rudo uye kuremekedza; kudiwa kwekusamanikidza chero mumwe munhu kuti "ave."
Kuyeuka
“Kana munhu achida kugona kuda, anofanira kuzviisa panzvimbo yake yepamusoro. Muchina wehupfumi unofanirwa kumushandira, pachinzvimbo chekuti iye ave iye anomushandira. Iwe unofanirwa kuzvirovedza iwe kuti ugovane ruzivo, basa, panzvimbo yekugovana, mune yakanakisa kesi, mabhenefiti ayo. "Sosaiti inofanirwa kuve yakarongeka nenzira yekuti hunhu hwemunhu hwemagariro uye rudo hauparadzaniswe nehupenyu hwake, asi kuti ubatane nazvo." Zvakatorwa kubva ku "Unyanzvi hwekuda", peji 128.
Erich Fromm, akapfuura nemuhuwandu hwekuchinja kwepfungwa uye hwepamoyo muhupenyu hwake hwese, chimwe chezvakakosha mupiro kune psychoanalysis uye kudzidza kwemweya wakachena unogara uri. Kupfuura nepakati pechikamu chemukati cheMarxism kusvika wasvika mubato rese redzidziso.