Mune mazwi emakemikari chinhu ichi chinozivikanwa se panyaya iyi, imvura isina ruvara inogona kuva ine chepfu uye inogona kupisa, nekuti inoshandiswawo pazvinangwa zvakadaro, uyezve inogona kucherechedzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu vese, nekuti nezvinwiwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kutandara uye kutandara kwevanhu.
Kunyanyisa kunwa muvanhu kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kumuviri, kunyange hazvo fomu iyi yekugadzira isiriyo yega inobatanidzwa nedoro ethyl, nekuti kune maindasitiri mazhinji anoshandisa chinhu ichi, sezvo zvikamu zvacho zvine mashandisirwo akasiyana nemabasa.
Tevere, chinhu chemakemikari chinozivikanwa seEthanol chinoratidzwa, uyezve zvimwe zvinogona kupihwa, zvichiratidza kuti mune zvimwe izvi zvinoshandisa mukana wekushandisa zvinhu izvi pasina ruzivo rwakakodzera, kana kuziva kwakaringana, zvinogona kuperera mumamiriro ezvinhu akashata.
Chii chinonzi ethyl doro?
Ethyl doro izita rinozivikanwa nemakemikari anoumba «Ethanol», chinova chinhu chinogona kugadziriswa netembiricha chaiyo uye kumanikidza, ine hunhu hwayo, sekusaratidza mavara, uye kuve unopisa zvakanyanya. kurudzira.
Kuumbwa kwayo kwemakemikari kunogona kuratidza izvo zvezvimwe zvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakadai sewaini yemichero, mvura inopisa, doro, pakati pevamwe, vambotaurwa vari CH3-CH2-OH. Izvo zvine hunhu zvinobvumidza kuti zvisanzwisisike (zvinogona kusanganiswa) nemvura, uye poindi yaro yekubikira iri patembiricha ingangoita 75 degrees Celsius.
Etymology (Ethanol)
Zita remubatanidzwa uyu Ethanol rakapihwa neUpAC kuti chidimbu chayo muchiSpanish chinoreva iyo International Union yePure Chemistry, iyo yakabvuma kuisa zita iri pairi nekuti inopa molekemu ine maatomu maviri ekabhoni ayo anopiwa chivakamberi «Et », Iyo ine chinongedzo pakati pavo, nekuda kweizvi inozadzikiswa neiyo« anus », uye iyo zvakare inopa mubatanidzwa muboka rayo, ichipedzisa nechisimboti« ol », ichiumba iyo zita resainzi re ethyl doro.
Muna 1892, chaimo muGeneva, iri muSwitzerland, musangano wepasi rese wezvemakemikari wakaitwa, muna Kubvumbi wegore iro zita rekuti Ethanol rakagadzirwa semhedzisiro yesarudzo yakabvumiranwa pachiitiko ichocho.
Justus Liebig, wemakemikari wekuGerman, ndiye akaumba chirevo chekutanga cheethyl kuchinhu ichi icho nhasi chave kuzivikanwa zviri nani sedoro, nekuti inotorwa kubva mumazwi maviri kubva mumitauro yakasiyana, rekutanga ndiether, iro rinoreva chero chinhu chine kugona kupwa nemhepo pasi pemhedzisiro yetembiricha kana kumanikidzwa, uye izwi rechiGiriki rinodanwa hyle zvinoreva chinhu pachacho.
Ethyl doro rinoshandisa
Ethanol ine mashandisiro mazhinji ayo anoshanda kugadzira akawanda macomputer, pakati payo iyo gastronomic munda inomira, nekuti fomu huru yekushandisa chinhu ichi ndeyezvinwiwa zvinodhaka.
Kunyangwe izvi zviine mabasa akanaka kwazvo ekushandisa mishonga inouraya utachiona, sezvo iri murwi wakanaka webhakitiriya, uyezve ichishandiswa seantifreeze, kana solvent, zvese zvinoenderana neindasitiri inoishandisa uye zvinangwa zvainotarisirwa .
Doro
Iko kushandiswa kukuru kunopihwa kune ethyl doro (Ethanol) iri se kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinwiwa izvi, pakati pazvo patinogona kutaura madoro, whiskeys, mvura inopisa, maramu, vodka, zvinwiwa zvinotapira senge amaretto, champagne, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.
Sekureva kweUN, rudzi urwu rwechirwere chepfungwa rwakawana chinzvimbo chevanonyanya kudyiwa nevanhu pasirese, nekuti vanhu vangangosvika mabhiriyoni matatu vanobvuma kuishandisa kana nenjodzi, netsaona, pakupedzisira kana kushungurudza.
Mafuta
Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare sekupisa doro, nekuti kana ikasanganiswa mune chimwe chikamu nemethyl alcohol, inogona kuburitsa huni yekunatsa, iyo inoshandiswa mumagetsi.
Izvi zvine zvakasarudzika mamakemikari akadai pyrobite inoita kuti ive yakanaka mukushandisa kwe maindasitiri nemafuta epamba. Iko kushandiswa kweethyl doro semafuta kuri kuongororwa zvakanyanya munyika dzese dziri kutora chikamu cheUN, nekuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvakatemerwa muKyoto protocol, iyo inosanganisira kudzikisa kudyiwa kwemakemikari anokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza. zvakatipoteredza.
Shandisa mumaindasitiri emakemikari
Mune ino indasitiri ine mashandisiro akasiyana siyana, nekuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro, ine utachiona hunhu, ndosaka ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira kwekuchenesa zvigadzirwa, pamwe nekugadzira zvinonamira uye zvinonyungudutsa.
Chimiro chemakemikari
Ethanol, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa se ethyl doro, ine humwe hunhu hunoita kuti ive yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemamwe makomponi, pamwe nehumwe hunhu hunogona kunge husina kunaka kudyiwa nevanhu, pakati pehunhu hwakatanhamara ndehwunotevera.
- Iyo inonyungudika muzvinhu zvakaita semvura, methyl doro uye chloroform
- Inofungidzirwa seyese yakasununguka, nekuti inogona kusanganisa chero chinhu, kana zvisiri zvese.
- Iine hunhu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona
- Iyo aliphatic hydrocarbon.
- Icho chinhu chinopisa zvikuru, saka chinofanira kushandiswa nekungwarira kukuru, kudzivirira chero mhando yechiitiko chisingafanoonekwi.
- Haina chero ruvara, saka chinhu chisina ruvara.
- Iyo ine yakasarudzika acrid kuravira.
- Mune chemistry iwe unogona kuona fomula yayo seinotevera: C.2H5oo
Ethanol Kukuvadza kune Vanhu
Kunyangwe ichi chinhu chichizivikanwa munzanga seimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa, dhata inodzidzwa uye yakasimbiswa neUN, inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya hutano hwevanhu, veese mazera, ichisimbisa zvakanyanya kuvana.
Classified mukati psychotropic, Kunze kwekuve nehunhu hunodzvinyirira, zvinogona kutungamira vanhu mukushandisa kwechimwe chinhu chakaenzana kana chakaipisisa sekukuvadza, nekuda kwekushomeka kwazvinokonzera uye kudzikira kweiyo neural system.
Iko kune kunyange imwe nhanho apo kunwiwa kwezvinhu izvi kunouraya, kwete chete nekuda kwekuti icho chinhu chinodhakisa uye chinoita kuti vanhu vasafunge zvakanaka nezviito zvavo, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda vanorasikirwa nehungwaru, asi kuti anayo maari, zvine chepfu zvikamu zvemuviri.
Kuramba kune chinhu ichi hakuiti nani kune vakuru, nekuti huwandu hwayo hwehuturu hwakanyanya zvekuti muviri hautombopedza kujairira iwo madosi ayo. Vana ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa mune iyi kesi, nekuti ivo vari panjodzi yekushandisa pazvinhu zvacho, uye pane zviitiko zvekudhakwa kubva pakuvhara nzira yavo yendege nemamvemve akaiswa mushonga we ethyl alcohol.
Kushandiswa kwe izvi zvinwiwa mumadzimai ane pamuviri zvinogona kukuvadza yekukudziridzwa kwemucheche, kuzvarwa uine hurema, kudzikira kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana kana chirwere zvinokonzerwa nemhedzisiro ye ethanol, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa mukurumbira chirwere chinokonzerwa nekumwa kwe ethyl doro inozivikanwa se "fetal alcohol syndrome.
Mitezo inouraya yekudyiwa kwezvinhu izvi ndeye 5 kusvika 8kg muvanhu vakuru, nepo muvana iri mari yakaderera, ichingova 3g7kg chete yechinhu ichi.
Matanho nemhedzisiro yeEthyl Doro Inotyisa
Matanho ekutanga e kudhakwa nekunwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka Mamiriro ezvinhu akapfuura mazhinji, ekuti pakutanga ungangonzwa dzungu, kana vertigo, uyezve hupenyu husina kujairika, nekunzwa hukuru pane dzimwe nguva, apo paunosvika padanho repiri iwe unogona kuwana kunze kwekudzora zvishoma mamiriro acho, uye zviito zvinoenderana nemunhu.
Asi pane vashoma kwazvo vanoziva nhanho dzekupedzisira dzeizvi, nekuti dzakashata zvakanyanya, uye dzinokanganisa hukama hwehukama, kazhinji mushure mekudhakwa kusingadzorwi kunouya kuzere, mune izvo pfungwa, kufunga, pfungwa, uye maonero emunhu zvakanyangarika zvachose, uye izvi zvinenge zvisingakwanise kuita chero chinhu chinokurudzira, zvichitevera danho rakakomba, iro kazhinji rinokonzera rufu.
Kana zviri zvehutano zvinoitika izvo kunwa kweethyl doro kunogona kukonzeresa, panogona kunge paine hyperglycemia, kana hypoglycemia, inova shanduko mumazinga eshuga yeropa, pamwe nekusadya zvakakwana mavitamini nemaminerari, kusagadzikana kwemetabolism, uye kushaya zvinovaka muviri nekuda kwekushaya macalorie mumuviri.
Varwere vasingashiviriri zvinhu izvi vanogona kuve nemhedzisiro dzakadai sekufa, kana mune dzakakomba zviitiko, zviito zvakakomba zveupenzi, kudzikama, kufara pasina chero kukurudzira, kuvhiringidzika, euphoria uye vanogona kunyange kukonzera coma.
Mimwe mhedzisiro inogona kuve yakanyanya kuomarara, nekuti yakanyanya kune hutano hwevanhu, uye izvi zvinowanzoonekwa nekugara uchishungurudzwa kunwiwa kwavo, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukufema uye nemwoyo kushushikana, metabolic acidosis, pfari, kusagadzikana mune hunhu kunyangwe usiri kushandisa ethyl doro, kudikitira kusingawanzo uye kunhuwa, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinogona kuuraya chero munhu.
Chii chekuita kana paine huturu hwakanyanya?
Pakave nezviitiko zvakawanda zvevanhu vanonwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakawandisa, uye vanoguma vatova vasingazivi, mune dzimwe nguva vanogona kuve makomichi ethyl.
Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero chero munhu anozivikanwa aifanira kupinda mumatunhu aya, zvinonyanya kukosha kuenda kuimba yekukurumidzira kunopihwa mushonga unodikanwa, uyo unowanzo sanganisira kupihwa zvinovaka muviri uye mahydram emvura kudzikamisa mamiriro evanhu.
Zvakare zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira detoxification zvinoshandiswa, sevamwe vanhu vane tsika yekunwa mukaka kuti vadzipise, nekuti ichi chinwiwa kana chichisungwa nedoro mukati memuviri chinokonzeresa kurutsa kwechinguva, izvo zvinogona kubatsira zvishoma pakubvisa ethanol kubva mumuviri.