Ndeipi gasi rakanyanya kuwanda mumhepo yepasi?

Iyo mhepo inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvemakemikari, izvo zvinochengetedza hupenyu huripo munzira yatinoiziva nayo, kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu epadenga, ayo anouraya pairi.

Magasi akakosha zvakanyanya kune hutano huripo panyika, uye kune mhando zhinji dzayo, asi inogona kuverengerwa kuti ndiyo inobata chikamu chakakura uye nzvimbo huru mudenga.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza kwehupenyu nitrogen, argon, uye oxygen, izvo zvinobva zvave nezvakawanda zvakanyanya.

Chii chiri mhepo?

Mhepo yakatenderera iri seti yemagesi, ayo anoumba diki diki uye yekumusoro kwepasi, ayo anosiyana mukuumbwa zvichienderana nehurefu, sezvo kumanikidzwa kwakasiyana kunoitwa pavari, izvi zvinozivikanwa zvinoenderana nemhepo, inova iyo inosvika pakati iwo ekutanga makiromita gumi nerimwe ekureba anotangira kubva kugungwa.

Iwo magasi makuru ari panguva ino nitrogen ine 78% inoteverwa neoksijeni inoita 21% uye mushure meizvi, argon ine 0.93% yakaderera pachiyero icarbon dioxide, uye mweya wemvura.

Iine hunhu hukuru hwekudzivirira kutyisidzirwa kubva muchadenga, senge ma meteorite ayo akaparadzaniswa neiyi gasi yemweya, mukuwedzera pakushandira senge rudzi rwechidziviriro kumaranzi eultraviolet anobva kuzuva, ayo anokuvadza zvakanyanya kuvanhu.

Izvi zvakashandurwa makore apfuura, nemhando dzakasiyana dzakagara pasi, sevanhu vanofema okisijeni uye vanodzinga kabhoni dhayokisaidhi pavanoburitsa mweya, iyo inoshandiswa nemiti uye zvinopesana. Izvi zvinoshandawo pamwe chete neiyo hydrosphere inodzikamisa tembiricha ine hukasha inogona kukonzeresa husiku kana masikati.

Huru magasi mumhepo

Sezvambotaurwa, izvi zvinoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzegasi, idzo kune dzimwe dzinotora nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura dzimwe, pazasi pane runyorwa nehurongwa hwadzo.

Nitrogen

Izvi zvinoumba 78% yemuchadenga wese, iri gasi rakawandisa pasi pano, chinhu chemakemikari chinomiririrwa naN, chine uremu hweatomiki hwe14,01 uye senhamba yeatomiki yakapihwa 7

Okisijeni

Kugara yechipiri yakawanda kwazvo magasi mudenga, nekuti inomiririra 28% yayo, iine atomic nhamba 8, inopfuura nitrogen, uye izvi zvinomiririrwa naO, igasi rinotsigira hupenyu pasi pano, rakasimba antioxidant mumiriri, uye ane yechipiri yepamusoro electronegativity yezvinhu zvese

Argon

Inoita 0,93% yemhepo yese, zita rinobva kumaGreek, iro rakanyorwa mumutauro wavo ????? uye inoshandurwa seisina basa, nekuti iri gasi rinoonekwa nekusaita nezvimwe zvinhu zvemakemikari, nhamba yaro yeatomiki i18, uye inomiririrwa nemavara.

Aya ari matatu ekutanga uye akakosha anoumba mamiriro ekunze, ekuzouya mamwe magasi akaita seacarbon dioxide (CO2) ane 0,4%, neon ane 0,0018%, helium ine 0,00052%, methane ne0,00017%, krypton ine 0,0011% uye hydrogen ine 0,00005%, iyo yasara iri inenge isingawanikwe senge nitrous oxide uye carbon monoxide semuenzaniso.

Ndeipi gasi rakanyanya kuwanda mumhepo yepasi?

Nekuti nitrogen ndiyo gasi rakanyanya kuwanda mumhepo yepasi, rinove rinodiwa pakuraramisa hupenyu, nekuti inoumba mweya wakawandisa unofemerwa nezvose zvipenyu, unozodzika nekuremekedza.

Etymology

Zita rinobva muchiLatin "Nitrium" iro rinoshandura sekugadzira kana magene, aakapihwa naDaniel Rutherford, chiremba, chemist, uyo mukuyedza akakwanisa kupinza oxygen ne carbon dioxide, achisiya nitrogen sechinhu chakasara, izvi zvaive gore ra1772, kunyangwe ivo masayendisiti eMiddle Ages akashandisa kurishandisa kumimwe miedzo, maererano nezvimwe zvinyorwa izvi.

Nitrogen inogona kuwanikwa nekunyorova, pamwe ne distillation, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mudenga mune chisingaperi sosi yechinhu ichi.

Natural kutenderera 

Hutachiona hwakanangana nekugadzira nitrogen, kuburikidza neyakaomarara nzira inodikanwa kuti zvirimwa zvikure nekukudziridza hupenyu hwazvo, nekuti izvi zvinotora chikamu ichi, zvobva zvashanda sekudya kwemhuka dzinodya miriwo, idzo padzinosvibisa, mabhakitiriya anoshandura zvinhu zvadzo kuita yakachena nitrogen.

Zvishandiso zve nitrogen

Nitrogen inoshandiswa kugadzira ammonia, iyo inogona kucherechedzwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye kuti kutengeserana kwakaringana kwakakosha zvakadii, chechipiri kune iyo methane gasi inotangira mushure mekugadzira mhinduro yekabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye hydrogen nemhute yeMvura.

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwechinhu ichi kuri mune mafiriji masisitimu, ane basa rekushandisa mafriji, maekisesaizi edzimba nedzemotokari, ayo anowanikwa mudzimba dzese dzesosaiti, mvura senitrogen ine mashandisiro asingaperi, ayo anofanira kungwarira nezve tembiricha yaro, nekuti inogona kunyungudutsa ganda revaya vanosangana neichi chinhu zvakananga.

Amoniya ndicho chikamu chikuru chezvinhu zvakawanda zvekutengesa zvakakosha kwazvo kuzviitwa zvezuva nezuva zvevanhu, sekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, kwechikafu chakakosha chezvipfuyo, pakugadzira mafetiraiza nevamwe vazhinji.

Hutano mhedzisiro ye nitrogen

Nekuda kwekudyiwa kwakanyanya kwe nitrogen kutaura mune zvese zvimiro, senge zvinyorwa zvekushandisa, uye kudyiwa, nekuti zvinhu zvizhinji nhasi zvine plastiki, uye mashandisiro ayo anoita fotereza, izvo zvinodikanwa kurima zvirimwa zvemiriwo, miriwo nemichero. , iri kudyiwa zvisina kunangana.

Mimwe mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri seinotevera:

• Inokonzera yakaderera nhanho yekuchengetedza mumuviri wevitamini A.
• Zvinogona kukonzera kuderera kwekutakura oksijeni muropa.
• Inomhanyisa kugadzirwa kwe nitrosamine, chinova chinhu chikuru chinokonzeresa mhando dzekenza.
• Icho chiitiko chinogadzirisa kutadza kweiyo thyroid gland mabasa.