Chii chinonzi budding chine uyezve kubereka kunoenderera sei?

Mukuita kwekubereka kubereka kune mhando mbiri dzekubereka: dzebonde kana dzekubereka uye dzeasexual kana dzinomera.

Chinhu chipenyu kana hupenyu hunoratidzwa nekukwanisa kuita zvakakosha zviitwa zvehupenyu, kusanganisira kubereka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvibudise zvakafanana makopi pachayo, zvese asexually kubva kumubereki mumwe, sekurara pabonde kubva kuvabereki vaviri.

Chii chinonzi budding? 

Kufufutira ndeimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzeasexual kubereka, umo kugadzirwa kwe chitsva chiri kupihwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa yemukurumbira, inonzi buds, pamuviri wemuviri wemubereki, inokura nekukura, ichikwanisa kuramba yakabatana nemubereki kana kupatsanuka pairi.

Kuita zvepabonde

Rudzi urwu rwekubereka runoratidzwa nekubatanidza mubereki mumwe munhu. Kubereka kunoitika kuburikidza neMitosis, uko iyo kupatsanurwa kwesero kunoitika uye inogadzira maviri kana anopfuura masero akafanana nemajini.

Icho chimiro chekubereka umo musina kusangana, nekudaro hapana kuchinjana kweDNA. Hupenyu hutsva hunochengetedza hunhu hweiye akavamba.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti dzinogona kubereka kana kusangana pabonde kana netsiva, midzi yepasi pevhu kana zvinokambaira madzinde.

Zvimwe zvipuka zvakaita seyefishfish, zvinogona kumutsazve mushure mekurasikirwa nechimwe chikamu chemuviri wavo uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogona kuwanda muzvikamu zvakakura nekukamura asexually kakawanda.

Kubereka pabonde

Kubereka pabonde kunoonekwa nekutora maseru maviri akatanga naMeiosis ayo anobatana kuburikidza nekudyara. Vabereki vaviri vanofanira kutora chikamu ndiani kutumira DNA yavo mwana uye nekudaro pane kusiyana kwemajini pakati pavo.

Budding inoitika sei?

Kuberekana kwevakadzi pamwe chete kubereka kunoitika pasina kudyidzana pakati penhengo mbiri dzerudzi rumwe chete. Masero anopatsanura achishandisa mitosis, uko chromosome yega yega inoteedzerwa pamberi penzvimbo yacho, uye sero rega rega nyowani rinogashira ruzivo rwakafanana rwemajini. chimwe chikamu cheplasma membrane. Iyo nucleus yeiyo baba masero inopatsanuka uye imwe yemwanasikana nuclei inopfuura ichipinda mu yolk. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, iyo yolk inogona kuburitsa imwe yolk panguva imwe chete isati yazopatsanurwa kubva kubaba sero.

Pane iyo unicellular nhanho, iri asymmetric mitosis maitiro anoitika mune mamwe maunicellular zvisikwa, senge mbiriso. Imwe unicellular muviri inoumbwa nesero rimwe chete. Mienzaniso yezvisikwa zvisina-celled mabhakitiriya uye algae uye mamwe mafungi, protozoa. Kunyangwe zvichishamisa, unicellular zvisikwa zvinomiririra huwandu hwakawanda yezvinhu zvipenyu izvo zvino zvinogara pasi pano

Mbiriso kana kuvirisa zvinodaidzwa kuti ndezvipi zvakasiyana zvezvisikwa zveeukaryotic, zvinorongwa sefungus, angave ascomycetes kana microscopic basidiomycetes, ine chimiro chakakura cheunicellular muhupenyu hwavo, inowanzozivikanwa nekuparadzanisa asexually nekumhanyisa kana bhanari fission uye nekuita zvepabonde izvo zvisiri yakasungirirwa kune sporocarp (inobereka muviri) .1?

Mitosis ndiko kupatsanurwa kwesero pachayo, uye kunogadzira vaviri mwanasikana masero nemagene akafanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Inogona kuitika mumasero evaviri haploid uye diploid eukaryotic vanhu.

Kuberekesa maitiro esero rinosanganisira, zvakanyanyisa, mune yekureba kutsemura kwemakromosomes uye muchikamu cheyukosi uye cytoplasm; semhedzisiro, vanasikana vaviri maseru vanoumbwa iine huwandu hwakaenzana hwemakromosomes uye hwakafanana ruzivo rwemagene sechitokisi.

Budding iyo inoumba mashandiro uko kune kupatsanurwa kwemukati uye kupatsanurwa kweiyo cytoplasm, asi iyo inoguma nucleus inoenda kune iyo membrane, ichiumba rudzi rwebundu rakakomberedzwa ne cytoplasm, nokudaro ichiumba maseru maviri ehukuru hwakasiyana.

Maitiro ekutangisa anowanzoitika muPorifera, cnidarians, bryozoans. 1? Dzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzinogona kuve nekutumbuka kwemukati, mabhureki anorarama mumamiriro asina kunaka nekuda kwehamvuropu inodzivirira. Muchiitiko chemasiponji emvura yakachena, iwo mabhureki ane kapirosi yekudzivirira uye mukati mune chinhu chekuchengetedza. Kana tsime rasvika, iyo inodzivirira capsule inorasika uye chipanje chitsva chinobuda kubva mubhu. Mune matsva emvura bryozoans dura rechitini uye calcium inogadzirwa uye ivo havadi chinhu chekuchengetedza sezvo ivo vari muchimiro chehusiku.

Mhando

Kune mhando dzinoverengeka dzeasexual kubereka Izvi zvinosanganisira kutumbuka, panokura vechidiki mumuviri wemubereki (sezvinoita chirimwa chebhanana, semuenzaniso). Imwe mhando ndeye hutachiona hutema (gemmules), kupi muviri wemubereki unoburitsa masero mazhinji hunyanzvi hunyanzvi hunova munhu mutsva.

Kubereka kwevakadzi pabonde

Izvo zvinoitika muzvirimwa kana chikamu chazvo chikakamurana (hunde, bazi, kupfura, tuber, rhizome ...) uye ichikura zvakasiyana kusvikira yava chirimwa chitsva. 5? Yakapararira zvakanyanya uye maitiro ayo akawanda uye akasiyana. Pakati pavo pane:

• Zvinyorwa: Chidimbu chechidimbu chemuti (kubatanidzwa) chinounzwa musinde kana hunde yemhando imwechete kana dzakasiyana. Inowanzo shandiswa mumiti yemichero kana mhando dzekushongedza.
• Matanda: kubereka nekucheka kunosanganisira kucheka hunde neshure uye nekuiviga. Wobva wamirira kusvikira midzi yakura. Saka chirimwa chitsva chinowanikwa.
• Kucheka kana zvikamu: Mashizha akagadzirwa, mumidziyo ine mvura kana muvhu rakanyorova, kwavanoita midzi mitsva, mushure meizvozvo vanogona kudyarwa.
• Tissue tsika: tsika inoitwa mune yepakati isina ma microorganisms uye ichishandisa zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa uye mahormone emiti, ayo anokonzeresa kukura kwemidzi, madzinde uye mashizha kubva muchidimbu chemuti.
• Rukoko: Inosanganisira kuviga chikamu chemuti uye nekumirira kuti utore midzi. Ipapo inozochekwa uye kuisirwa, inoshandiswa pamizambiringa.
• Kupora: mhando yekubereka nema spores.

Zvakanakira nekukanganisa kweasexual kubereka

Kuberekana kwevakadzi nevakadzi kunonyanya kushanda kuzvinhu zvinogara munzvimbo imwe uye zvisingafambi kuti vawane vakaroora, vanogara munzvimbo dzakagadzikana. Ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa netupuka tudiki, sebhakitiriya. Nekudaro, kubereka kweasexual hakurevi mutsauko pakati pezvipenyu, uye izvi zvinoreva kuti mapoka ese anogona kuparadzwa nechirwere kana shanduko munharaunda.

Kubatsirwa

Pakati pezvakanaka zvehupenyu izvo zvinomhanyisa kupatsanura uye kuve nyore, nekuti havafanirwe kuburitsa maseru epabonde, uye havafanirwe kushandisa simba mukuvhiya isati yasangana.

Nenzira iyi munhu akasarudzika anogona kupa huwandu hwakawanda hwevana, nenzira dzakadai seasexual spore form, transverse fission, kana budding; kuita kukurumidza kukoroni kwenzvimbo nyowani.

payakaipira

Kune rimwe divi, ine mukana mukuru wekubereka vana vasina magene, clonic musiyano, nekuti ese ari genotypically akaenzana nemubereki wavo uye kune mumwe nemumwe. Sarudzo yakasikwa haigone "kusarudza" vanhu vakanyatsogadziriswa (sezvo vese vakaenzana zvakaenzana) uye vanhu vane clonal ava vangatadze kurarama munzvimbo ine hukasha inoshanduka, sezvo vasina ruzivo rwemagene rwunodiwa kuti uenderane nahwo. Chinja. Naizvozvo iyo mhuka inogona kunyangarika, kunze kwekunge paine munhu akatakura musanganiswa kuti aenderane nemamiriro matsva

Mienzaniso inovhuvhuta:

Mune dzimwe mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, senge coelenterates, sponges uye tunicates, kupatsanurwa kwemasero kunoitwa nemabukira. Izvi zvinotangira mumuviri wemuviri wamai uyezve akaparadzaniswa kukura sezvinhu zvipenyu zvitsva zvakafanana kune yekutanga. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa sekutangisa, anofananidzwa neiyo vegetative kubereka maitiro ezvirimwa.

• Masiponji emvura.
• Dzimwe mhando dzembiriso fungi.
• Dzimwe mhando dzejellyfish.
• Hydras.
• Iwo ekorari.