Iwe unoziva mashandiro anoita ruzivo rwekufambisa ruzivo padanho reystem system? Wanga uchiziva here kuti glutamate inoita basa rakakosha mukuita?
Zvichida panguva ino urikufunga nezve yakakurumbira "umami", kana yechishanu gastronomic flavour, uye muchidimbu ine hukama kune iyo nyaya (asi isu ticha tsanangura izvi gare gare), zvisinei, iyo glutamate yatiri kutaura nezvayo mukukosha, iamino acid inogadzirwa padanho rehurongwa hweeuronal.
Sisitimu yemitsipa inoratidzira kuburikidza neakawanda akasarudzika masisitimu mabasa ekupindura emuviri kukukanganisa kana kukurudzira, izvi zvinoreva kuti, pamberi pekukurudzira kunoonekwa nenhengo dzedu dzekugamuchira, timu yedu yemaseru emitsipa inoiswa mukushanda, kuitira kuti ruzivo urwu rwusvike pakati hunyanzvi system, uko mhinduro inogadzirwa iyo inoburitswa neiyo imwechete svikiro (reflex arc).
Zvakanaka ikozvino Ibasa ripi iro glutamate rinoita mune zvese izvi? Zvakanaka, zvinoitika kuti mukati meiri rese ruzivo-rinosimudzira kuchinjisa maitiro, ruzivo ruzivo rwunogadzirwa, mune mauroni chinhu chakakosha mune ino shanduko. Synapse! Nekudaro, maitiro ayo maviri masisitimu akasangana kuita shanduko ave akakurumbira, uye iri panguva ino apo zvinhu zvehunhu hwechinhu ichi, ndiko kuti, maurotransmitter, anotora nzvimbo yakakosha, nekuti nekuda kwavo vimbisa kuti kubatana pakati peeuroni.
Neural kuchinjana uye glutamates
Kutiisa isu muchirevo, unorangarira here iyo nguva iwe nokusaziva wakatsika pamunwe wako, kana kubata panopisa pamusoro? Kuita kwako kwakakurumidza, iwe wakabvisa ruoko rwako, kana iyo nzvimbo yemuviri wako yakakanganiswa, kuchengetedza kutendeka kwako. Zvirokwazvo, wakavimbisa kuti "ndakazviita ndisingafunge", zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Sezvo Shure kwemhinduro yako kwaive neyakaomarara nzira yekutenderera, iyo yaibvumidza huropi hwako kugadzira mhinduro.
Iyo yepakati axis yenzira yehuropi huropi, pane zvakajekeswa pfungwa dzese, maonero uye mhinduro zvakagadzirwa, zvisinei, hazvisi mukukwanisa kwechimiro chehuropi, icho chekutora zviratidzo; Ndosaka paine maseru maseru ane hukama nehurongwa uhu, hunodaidzwa kuti ma-neuron, ayo ari pamusoro pekufambisa ruzivo irworwo, kubva kwarwunobva kwarunounganidzwa, kune zvivakwa zvepakati sisitimu yetsinga, inova nebasa rekuumba mhinduro maererano akagamuchira kukurudzira.
MaNeurons ane chimiro chechimiro, chakaumbwa nenucleus, iri muchimiro chinonzi "soMa", Ivo zvakare vanopa rudzi rwehurefu hwakareba hunodaidzwa kuti" muviri weeuron ", unobatanidza magumo etsinga nenucleus. Glutamate synthesis inoitika mukati meiyi sero. Sero rinogadzira iyi amino acid, sezvo ichida kuti igone kumisidzana nemamwe ma-neuron (ma-synapses), uye ndicho chinhu ichi chinoita kuti zvivepo, kuburikidza neyakagonesa uye neurotransmitter mabasa, kuvandudza kweanozivikanwa Reflex arc, izvo hazvisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekusimudzira-mhinduro wedunhu.
Chinhu chakasikwa
Iyo isingakoshe amino acid, iyo inogadzirwa mu "presynaptic" nerve cell metabolism, zvese zvinotanga ne glutamine, inova yakawanda amine mumuviri, kunyanya mumhasuru. Muchiitiko ichi, chigadzirwa chepakati chinoonekwa, chinozivikanwa se glutaminase, uye pakupedzisira iyo neuron inogadzira glutamate, iyo amino acid inodiwa mukupararira kwemaitiro ekukurudzira uye mhinduro. Ichi chinhu chinotorwa neepostynaptic neuron, kuburikidza neakagamuchirwa, uye ane hukama nazvo.
Maitiro mune glial cell: Sezvo poindi yekupedzisira yedenderedzwa inoona kutanga kwayo muitiro wakatsanangurwa pamusoro, chiitiko chechipiri chinoitika chinovhara iyo kutenderera, inoitwa, nekuda kwekupararira kweiyi neurotransmitter amino acid kune iyo glial cell, inova iyo yepakati chiteshi yemutsipa wepelinha, uye muchimiro ichi reverse reaction inoitika uye glutamine inowanikwa, iyo inotorwa zvakare ne presynaptic neurons, kutanga maitiro matsva.
Iyo yakatsanangurwa chiitiko chinoramba chichiitika, chinoitika mumakumi ezviuru zvechipiri, kubvira kuvandudzwa kweiyo Reflex arc iri yekugara ichiitika, uye yakakosha mukuchengetedza kwehupenyu muhupenyu hwevanhu.
Mabasa mumuviri
Glutamate inozivikanwa nekutora chikamu kwayo neuronal maitiro padanho rehurongwa hwetsinga, zvisinei, iyo zvakare inosarudza kusangana kwezvimwe zvinhu.
- Mapuroteni kuumbwa: Kubudikidza nekutora chikamu kwaro munzira dzakasiyana siyana dzemagetsi, inoshanda seyakatungamira mukuumbwa kwemakomputa, kunyanya iwo epuroteni chimiro.
- Neurotransmitter: Ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha basa, sezvo iine chekutanga kutora chikamu mukutaurirana kwemaitiro pakati peeuron, uko kwainokurudzira nekufadza zvivakwa zvinokurudzira kutapurirana kwekusimudzira uye zvido.
Neurons inoburitsa iyo yakagadziriswa glutamate kuburikidza ne metabolism yavo, uye izvi zvinoshanda semakemikari nhume, inotorwa nezvakakosha zvivakwa zvinonzi protein receptors.
- Inoenderana nemapuroteni receptors: N-methyl-D-aspartate, AMPA, Kainate, mamwe anogamuchira glutamate ndiwo anonzi metabotropics. Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuti nzira yekuchinjana ruzivo pakati peeuron inoitika kuburikidza nekubatana kweiyo axon yeimwe, ine dendrites yeimwe (zvimiro zveiyi sero), zvinowanzoda chiito chezvinhu zvechinhu chinokurudzira.
Monosodium glutamate
Mune pfungwa inoshandiswa nevanhu vazhinji, patinotaura nezve "glutamate", zvinoreva munyu unoguma nekuita kweamino acid molecule ine inorganic compound sodium.
Ichi chikamu se yakawedzerwa zita rekuti umami kana ajinomoto, uye inozadzisa akawanda mafomu muindasitiri yezvikafu:
Zvokudya zveAsia: Iko kuisirwa umami, sechinhu cheshanu chinonaka pasirese, inobvumira kugadzirirwa kwemaresipi mazhinji, uye zviripo zviripo muzvinhu zvekutanga zveiyo gastronomic tsika senge algae (kubva 230 kusvika 3380 mg) uye soy muto (450 kusvika 700 mg) .
Umami, fYakarondedzerwa se "inonaka kwazvo", inounza manzwiro emufaro mukanwa. Uye aive musayendisiti Kikunae Ikeda, aishanda paUniversity yeTokyo, aibatanidza kuti manzwiro akaburitswa nekombu muto wegungwa wakagadzirwa ne monosodium munyu. Iko kushandiswa kwe ajinomoto muchikafu kunogadzira kunzwa kusingakwanise kutsanangurwa nemazwi, uye kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda kunova kupindwa muropa, izvo zvinotitungamira mukukwira kuwandisa.
Chikafu chisina kugadziriswa: Monosodium munyu inowanikwa mune zvekudya zvakasikwa, pasina izvi zvinoreva kuti inoumba chinhu chekutanga mukugadzirira kwayo, pazasi pane mamwe acho aine yavo yemukati monosodium munyu:
- Nyanya (140-250 mg)
- Mbatatisi (30-180 mg)
- Hamu (340 mg)
- Green tii (200- 650 mg)
- Cheeses: parmesan (1150 mg), chedar (180 mg), roquefort (1200 mg).
Mapiritsi: Kwenguva, 500 mg piritsi rekuratidzira nechinhu ichi chaizivikanwa pamusika wepachena. Ivo vakatsanangurwa se "chikafu chehuropi", uye muhurukuro yekutengesa, chigadzirwa chinogonesa kumisikidza uye kukurudzira maitiro ehuropi kwakapihwa. Kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvekunyepa, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kudya kwe glutamate kunofanira kuitwa nekuchenjerera. Izvo zvine njodzi kushandura muyero wehurongwa hwemitsipa, hunoguma nehurwere, inozivikanwa se "Kubva kuresitorendi yekuChina".
Chinese yekudyira chirwere: Mamwe masayendisiti anosimbisa kuti chakanyanya kugadzirwa padanho rekumusoro yaive ino monosodium munyu, iyo yekudyira inogadzirisa maitiro padanho rehurongwa hwemitsipa, uko amino acid inogadzirwa zvakasikwa padanho reeuronal; Nechikonzero ichi, kumedzwa kwechikafu nekomboni iyi kunogadzira kuwedzera kwematanho eurotransmitter, iyo pachayo ine hunhu hunofadza maitiro eesynapse. Kuwedzeredza chinhu chinowedzera, nekuti icho chinokonzera mamiriro ekuneta mumunhu anozviona, izvo, mune zvisingaperi zviitiko, zvinogona kutungamira kurufu rweeuroni. Mhedzisiro yekushandisa ajinomoto inogona kunyorwa mune anowanzozivikanwa zviratidzo.
- Dzungu
- Zvirwere.
- Kurwadziwa pachifuva.
- Asima.
- Kugwinha (kana paine varwere vane hanya, kana neurological predisposition).