Chii chinonzi Raven test? Kubudirira uye hunhu

Ndakangwara zvakadii? Uyu mubvunzo wakonzera kunetsana kwemukati muvanhu kubva pakagadzwa pfungwa. Nekudaro, iko kutsunga uye kupihwa kwe njere kukosha Izvo hazvisi nyore zvachose, nekuti kuyerwa kwayo hakusi kwekungoverengwa kwekukosha mune chimwe chakatemwa chiridzwa. Zvese zvinhu zvingave zviri nyore kwazvo, kana chiyero chehungwaru chikaverengerwa zvakanangana, sekunge kuburikidza ne thermometer patinoverenga kukosha kwetembiricha mumuviri kana pakati.

Iko kunetsa mukupa kukosha kwehungwaru kuri pakuti huchenjeri izita rekuzviisa pasi, uye hapana chibvumirano chakajairika chinoenderana nenzvimbo dzese dzainofukidza.

Pakati pese, ungwaru hunogona kutsanangurwa sehunyanzvi hwepfungwa yekufunga, kunzwisisa uye kuwana rumwe ruzivo uye nechinangwa chekugadzira chaiyo nzira dzekuyera, bvunzo dzinozivikanwa dzekuziva dzakagadzirwa, uye pakati pavo muedzo weRaven, uyo inosarudza, kuburikidza nekushandisa matrices, iyo g chinhu chehungwaru.

Kukura kwekuyedza

Iyo bvunzo dzakagadzirwa naJohn Raven nekuda kwekutsvaga; Asi bvunzo iyi, umo mwero wetsika uye kushandiswa kwemutauro unotaurwa zvisina kutariswa sezvinhu zvinodzikamisa, unove muyedzo wakakosha mundima yedzidzo. Chimwe chinhu chakatemera kugamuchirwa kukuru kweiyo Raven bvunzo yaive yakapfava yekushandisa kwayo uye dudziro. Nekufamba kwenguva, shanduro dzakasiyana dzakagadzirwa, iko kushandiswa kunoenderana nezera uye kugona kwenyaya ichaongororwa.

Inoyera kugona kwenjere kwese (factor g), uchishandisa kuenzanisa kwemafomu uye kufunga kwakanangana nemaananisi, zvisinei neruzivo rwunowanikwa. Kubudikidza nekushandisa kwayo, ruzivo rwunowanikwa pakukwanisa kufunga, kumanikidza kufunga kweanalog, kuona uye kugona kwekubvisa kuti kutange kufamba.

Hunhu hweRaven test

Kuyedza kwekuziva kwakagadziriswa kuyera zvakasiyana, uye kazhinji zvinopesana zvinhu zvechikamu chekuziva, nzvimbo idzo kuyerwa kwekuyera kwakatariswa kuri parunako zvinotevera zvinotevera:

• Kunzwisisa-kwemasvomhu kugona.
• Kutaura kwemashoko.
• Space chiratidzo.
• Ndangariro.

Muedzo weRaven unotarisa pakuyerwa kweiyo kufunga kweanalog, chinzvimbo chekubvisa uye kuona.

Kushandisa matrices

Chinangwa chakakosha icho chakatungamira kuvandudzwa kweMatrices chave chekupa nyanzvi muPsychology, Psychiatry neNeurology, Dzidzo uye nemunda wevashandi nezviyero zvitsva zvechizvarwa kuti uwane fungidziro. Kuti uite izvi, kuyedza kwakaitwa kuti upe mhinduro dzinoshanda uye mhinduro kune izvo zvido zvekutarisa chikamu ichi munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi. Pakati pezvipo zvakakosha zveMatrices kuchinangwa ichi, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:

• Kufungidzira kwehungwaru kunobva pane zvisiri zvekutaura
• Yakakura kwazvo chiyero chekushandisa, inosanganisira zvidzidzo zviri pakati pemakore matanhatu ne6 emakore, izvo zvinobvumidza munhu kuteverwa kwenguva yakareba yehupenyu hwavo kutenderera achishandisa bvunzo imwe chete.
• Inowana kukosha kwayo kukuru munzvimbo yekushandisa bvunzo kuitira zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa, sezvo iri chishandiso chekuongorora kufambira mberi kwemudzidzi, mukati mefundo yavo yechikoro.
• Shanda nematanho akasiyana, akagadzirirwa kukwana chikamu chemuviri wemapoka ezera akasiyana. Matrices anovandudzwa pamatanho matanhatu, anotarisirwa kuongorora vana vechikoro mumatanho akasiyana ekuziva kwavo kushanduka.
• Matrix-based bvunzo anozivikanwa nekuburitsa yakanaka kuenderana mune mhedzisiro, iyo inoratidza kuti maitiro anochengetedzwa mumutongo weyedzo iyo inotsanangura huchenjeri hwenzvimbo yemunhu, chero muyedzo kwavanotumirwa.

G factor kuongorora

Iyo G factor inoumba hunyanzvi hwakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekuita sechiyero chehungwaru huzhinji, mukuitwa kwekuferefeta psychometric pane kugona kwevanhu kuziva. Iko kusiana kunogadzirisa kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pemabasa akasiyana ekuziva uye izvo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vaviri vanogona kufananidzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro avanoita pakuita basa, kunyangwe kana chimiro chacho chakasiyana kune chimwe nechimwe.

Iyo g factor inotorwa kubva pachiyero chechiverengero, chinonzi factor analysis, icho chinokwanisika kuisa muboka zvinhu zvinoonekwa mune seti yemhando dzakasiyana, izvo zviyero zvisingabvumirwe kuyerwa. Iko kushandiswa kweichi chivakwa kwakawedzerwa neBritish psychologist Charles Spearman, uyo akatsunga sehwaro hwayo zvinhu zviviri, zvinofungidzirwa nachiremba wepfungwa semagadzirirwo ehungwaru hwevanhu:

• Kukwanisa kufunga zvakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
• Iko kugona kwekuchengetedza uye kuburitsa ruzivo.

Icho chinhu g chinomiririra kukosha kwekufungidzira uko kunowanzove hwaro hwakavakirwa bvunzo dzepfungwa, sezvo iine hunyanzvi hwekutsanangura yakawanda yemisiyano pakati pevanhu. mukuita kwekuyedza kwakasiyana kwepfungwa, zvisinei nezviri mubvunzo.

Asina-kutaura bvunzo

Munguva yekuvandudzwa kwayo, akateedzana mahwendefa makumi matanhatu anounzwa nemifananidzo inofanirwa kududzirwa nemazvo, kuitira kupedzisa nhevedzano dzinoratidzwa. Inoshanda nemapateni anofanirwa kududzirwa nemunhu ari kuongororwa. Mutauro wakanyorwa haushandiswe, saka unogona kuitiswa muvana vasati vakuraVanodzidza hunyanzvi hwekuverenga nekuverenga.

Kuyedza kugona kwekugona

Iyo yekudzidzira kugona inotsanangurwa sekugona kutora hukama uye kuwirirana kubva kune ruzivo rwunoratidzwa nenzira isina kurongeka uye isina hurongwa. Muedzo weRaven unoyera kugona kudzamisa hukama ihwohwo husingaonekwe nekukurumidza kunoona.

Kukudziridzwa kwesimba iri kwakabatana nekwaniso yekugona kuenzanisa mafomu uye nekufunga kwakafanana, nerusununguko rwakazara kubva paruzivo rwakawanikwa, chiri chinhu chinosarudzira mukushanda kwepamusoro kwepamusoro.