Pakati pezvakasiyana analgesic opioid zviripo, tinogona kuwana heroin; iyo zvakare ine zvivakwa zvinobvumidza kudzvinyirira chikosoro uye kunyange kudzivirira matambudziko emudumbu senge manyoka. Nekudaro, iko kushandiswa kwekurapa kuri pasi pekutandara, nekuda kwesimba mhedzisiro yainoburitsa. chikonzero icho isu takagadzirira iyi yekupinda neruzivo rwese nezvazvo.
Ziva chinonzi heroin uye hunhu hwayo
Sezvatakataura, iyo opioid ine analgesic mhedzisiro. Iyo yakabva kune morphine, iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune chirimwa chinounzwa opiamu. Iyo ine simba zvakanyanya kupfuura morphine uye zvakare mhedzisiro inowanzo kutanga nekukurumidza.
- Izvo zvisiri pamutemo zvinozivikanwa sehupfu chena, hunosanganiswa nevamwe vanoita hupombwe.
- Izvi zvinopedzwa mukati mehusimbe kana nemuromo nekusvuta.
- Inotorwa semushonga yepakati tsinga system inoshungurudza.
- Icho chiri pakati pezvinhu zvinounza hukuru hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa kutsamira nekukurumidza kukuru; inoiisa pakati pemishonga ine degree repamusoro rekudhakwa uye iyo inogadzira kukuvara kukuru kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe.
Yakawanikwa naCharles Romley Alder, uyo akaigadzira mushure mekuisarudzira nenzira inonzi "acetylation" ye morphine hydrochloride. Its etymology inokonzerwa nekambani yeBayer, kambani yemishonga iri kuGerman iyo yakashambadzira chinhu diaceltimorphine pasi pezita "heroin."
Iyo chete kambani yaive inotarisira kushambadzira chigadzirwa, icho chaifungidzirwa kunge chiri "chisingashande" vhezheni ye morphine. Panguva iyoyo, morphine yaishandiswa mukuvaraidza, saka chinhu chitsva ichi ndicho chakanakira sarudzo idzi. Nekudaro, izvo zvakapesana zvakaitika uye vanhu vazhinji vakatanga kuvimba nechinhu, nekukurumidza kupfuura icho chakatangira.
Ndeipi mhedzisiro yeheroin?
Pakati pemhedzisiro inogadzirwa nekudyiwa kwechinhu tinogona kuwana kusava nehanya, miosis, kukotsira, kudzika kwekufema, mota kuita uye kusagadzikana, kusvotwa kana kurutsa (kazhinji mumidziyo yekutanga) uye kurega. Izvi zvakare zvinounza mhedzisiro pane yepakati uye peripheral nervous system, iri:
Migumisiro yepakati yenheyo system
- Kuvhiringidza kwekurutsa.
- Kukosora kudzvinyirira.
- Mudzidzi anoderera muhukuru.
- Sedation uye analgesic mhedzisiro.
- Hallucinations
- Tembiricha yemuviri inoderedzwa.
Mhedzisiro padanho retsinga system
- Nguva dzekutanga shoma dzinogona kupa mhedzisiro senge kurutsa kana kusvotwa; asi kana iwo iwo muyero wakachengetedzwa kana uchidya pane dzimwe nguva, mhedzisiro iyi inonyangarika.
- Iyo sphincters inowedzera yavo basa, sezvinoita iwo akatsetseka tsandanyama (ona bronchi, semuenzaniso).
- Kufambira mberi kukura kwekubatira.
- Kuoma kwekutarisa uye mucous membranes.
- Allergic maitiro.
- Blurry chiratidzo.
Mhedzisiro yakaipa yekushandisa zvisina kunaka
Iyo zvakare inoburitsa akati wandei mhedzisiro yakaipa kana ikadyiwa nenzira inoshusha, iyo inogona kukonzeresa kumatambudziko uye matambudziko akakomba ehutano; nekuda kweshanduko yemuviri inogadzirwa nayo uye neakawedzera hupombwe.
- Imwe yenjodzi dzinowanzoitika ndeyekuwedzeredza, nekuti sekutsvaga kwakaitwa muUnited States, ingangoita 55% ye kupindwa muropa nevarwere vakatambura kanodarika ovhadhozi.
- Mushonga uyu unogona kutungamira mukusimudzira kwekufa pfari kana mamwe matambudziko akadaro uye psychosis kana kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.
- Iko kuenderera kuchinjika kwenzvimbo yepakati tsinga kunogona kuburitsa zvirwere muropa, kutenderera, pakati pevamwe.
- Kana munhu wacho ari allergiki kumakemikari akadai seangioedema uye anaphylaxis, dambudziko rinogona kuitika iro rinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemunhu anoita kunwa. Zvisinei, mashoma mashoma akawanikwa.
Chekupedzisira, rudzi urwu rwemishonga yekuvaraidza uye isiri pamutemo iyo inonwa kuburikidza nemajekiseni emutsinga, ane mukana wekutapura mushandisi nezvirwere zvakaita seAIDS kana hepatitis; pamusoro pekusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeutachiona.
Ndeapi mafomu ekushandisa?
Inoshandiswa nemarabhoritari, vanachiremba uye vanhu vane zvikonzero zvakasiyana kana zvinangwa. Ivo vekutanga ndivo vari kutarisira shandisa diacetylmorphine kugadzirisa mamwe marwadzo ekuderedza makomputa; nepo vekupedzisira vachiitisa zvidzidzo uye wechitatu achizvidya zvinyaradzo. Iyi miviri yekupedzisira ndiyo inonakidza kushandisa, iyo yatichatsanangura pazasi:
Kushandiswa kwekurapa kwechirwere
Iyo inoshandiswa navanachiremba vakati wandei kuita zvidzidzo maererano nemusiyano uripo pakati petsika morphine neichi chinhu; uko, semuenzaniso, kuGerman kuferefetwa kuri kuitwa kuti zvionekwe kana zvichikwanisika kurapa vakapindwa muropa nechimwe chinhu uye mamwe maopioid ane heroin chaiyo isina zvifeve zvinowanzo kuwanikwa mumushonga usiri pamutemo, uyo kazhinji unoburitsa zvinokuvadza.
Kutandara uye kushungurudza kushandiswa
Dambudziko guru re heroin ndeyekuti ine mukana wepamusoro wekupinda muropa nechinhu ichi; zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe kana munhu akaedza nemushonga nekuvaraidza, mikana yekuti vanozoishandisa zvakare yakanyanya kukwirira.
Mushonga unogona kudyiwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana dzehutongi, senge mitauro midiki, inhaled, kuputa, muromo, cutaneous, intravenous uye rectal kana kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi. Iyi nhamba huru yesarudzo yakakamurwa kuita nzira dzinoverengeka, senge:
- The fuma inogona kutsengwa (sublingual).
- Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kuidya mune inhaled fomu, ndiko kuti, chigadzirwa chinofemerwa zvakananga.
- Nemuromo, inodyiwa yakachena kana kusanganiswa nedoro, izvo zvinogona kudzikisira zvimwe zvacho zvakakomba mhedzisiro.
- Iyo inogona kusvuta, kungave iine imwe yekuwedzera kana yega, mune iyo nyaya iyo pepa senge aluminium inowanzo shandiswa.
- Kune makomisheni echikadzi kana echikadzi anoshandiswa.
- Kushandiswa kuburikidza neganda kunosanganisira kukwiza chinhu nechisimba, izvo zvinowanzo siya mavanga anoonekwa nevarwere vazhinji.
- Chekupedzisira, iyo huru nzira yekushandisa iyo iri kuburikidza neiyo intravenous jekiseni. Kune iyi nzira inofanirwa kubika chinhu nemvura uye zvinokwanisika kuibaya mune chero tsinga, kunyangwe ichiwanzo kuve kumagumo.
Ndeipi mishonga inoshandiswa?
Iyo dosi iyo inowanzo kudyiwa ingangoita mamirigiramu manomwe, zvinoenderana nedanho rekunzwisisa iro chidzidzo chacho chine maopiates. Mukana wekushandisa zvisina kufanira kushandiswa kwenguva yakanaka yenguva, munhu wacho angangoda madosi anodarika makumi matatu emamirigiramu.
Nekuda kwekushivirira uko kutsamira pamushonga kunogona kuburitsa, iro danho rinogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya sezvo nguva inopfuura uye kuomarara kana kufa nekuda kwechirwere zviri nyore.
Kurapa kweheroin akapindwa muropa nevarwere
Heroin inoonekwa semushonga wakaoma, sezvo iine zvibodzwa zvakanyanyisa pahunhu, kupindwa muropa uye nekushivirira chiyero. Zvinoreva kuti vazhinji vevarwere vanoishandisa vanove vanovimba nemuviri uye nepfungwa; pamwe nekuti ivo vari kuve vanoshivirira kwazviri uye vanoda kudya yakakwira dosi.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe zvingaite senge zvakaoma, zvinokwanisika kuita marapirwo kuitira kuti murwere amise mushonga uye aenderere mberi nehupenyu hwake zvakajairika. Kunyangwe zve izvi, munhu wacho anofanirwa kuziva nezve kukuvara kwakaburitswa nayo uye anofanira kubvuma kusiya mashandisiro ayo.
Pakati pekurapa kwakakurumbira kudzora kushandiswa ndeye iyo detox, methadone uye buprenorphine kana mimwe mishonga yakafanana.
- Iyo detox chirongwa Izvo zvakafanana neiyo yemamwe madhiragi, kwaanobvumidza murwere kumisa kunwa uye kurapa zviratidzo zvinogadzirwa neyekusiya chirwere. Izvi zvinowanzo shanda zvakanyanya kana munhu wacho akaiswa mukati memwedzi mitatu kusvika hafu yegore.
- Kune rumwe rutivi, la methadone iri zvakare kurapwa kweheroin umo chinhu icho chinoshandiswa kurapa kupindwa muropa; kuva chimwe chekare zvirongwa. Chinangwa chako kutora mishonga nemuromo uye kudzivirira zviratidzo zvekuregera kuitika. Uku kurapa kuri nani kuti ubatanidze nehunhu hwekurapa.
- Pakupedzisira, buprenorphine uye mishonga yakasanganiswa inogona kubatsirawo. Izvi zvinoburitsa mhedzisiro yakafanana neiyo maopiates, asi neyakaomarara; inova nzira yekudzivirira mhedzisiro yekurega. Uye zvakare, mimwe mishonga yakadai se naltrexone uye naloxone inogona zvakare kushandiswa, sezvo ichivharira mhedzisiro inogadzirwa neakawanda maopiates.
Chii chinonzi kubvisa chirwere?
Kufanana ne kubvisa syndrome kubva kune mamwe maopiatesIzvi zvinowanzove zvine simba uye zvinogona kutove zvakakomba; Ichi ndicho chikonzero varwere vakapindwa muropa kana vanovimba vanogamuchirwa kuti vanokwanisa kuvabata zvakanyatsoita uye nekuvachengeta.
- Mushure mekushandisa kwekupedzisira, vanhu vanonzwa kudiwa kana chishuwo chekudya, izvo zvinounza mhedzisiro senge kushushikana kana kutsvagisisa kutsvaga chinhu.
- Mumaawa masere kusvika kumaawa gumi nemashanu, zviratidzo zvakaita sekudikitira, kushama uye kubvarura kunoitika.
- Kubva pamaawa gumi neshanu kusvika pazuva, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuve yakanyanya, nekuti murwere anonzwa mafungu etembiricha dzakasiyana (kupisa kana kutonhora), anorexia, kusanduka kwemamiriro, mydriasis uye kunyange mhasuru.
- Mushure mekupfuura zuva rekutanga, zviratidzo zvakaita sekushaikwa kwekurara, kurwadziwa munzvimbo yemudumbu, kurutsa, kuda kurutsa, matambudziko emudumbu, uye kuoma mukuita mota mabasa zvinoitika.
Isu tinovimba kuti iyo yekupinda nezve ichi chekurapa uye chekuvaraidza chinodhaka ine zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro uye epamusoro-degree kutsamira, kushivirira uye kupindwa muropa, kwave kuri kwako kufarira. Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo kana mipiro, usakanganwa kupindura mubhokisi riri pazasi.