Hunhu, nekufamba kwemakore uye, zvichidaro, zvemazana emakore, yaifanirwa kupfuura nenzira dzinozivikanwa dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza zviitiko zvikuru munzira yavo yekuona zvinhu. Kubva kuhushe hwakakura hwevaIjipita, maBabironi, maGiriki, maRoma, Alexander Mukuru, pakati pevamwe, humambo hwakawanda nemasimba epasirese akapfuura neizvi nyika yedu ichiisa chiyero chekutevera panguva yake musimba.
Munguva idzi, uye zvinoenderana nehurumende yega yega, hunyanzvi uye dhizaini zvakavhiringidzwa, uye nhasi isu pane dzakawanda nguva takatora chikamu mumabasa edu ehunhu hwenguva idzodzo.
Western Europe ndiyo yakaisa hwaro uye nhungamiro yesangano idzva iro richiri, pamusoro pemakore mazana matanhatu gare gare. Isu tinoreva, hongu, kuzvarwa patsva.
Munguva yekufamba uku, zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwazvino zvatinoziva nhasi zvakashandurwa, kunyanya hunyanzvi. Yakanga iri nguva yeshanduko pakati peMiddle Ages neazvino Age iyo yaizivikanwa nekuwedzera kwezivo mumatavi akasiyana, uye ndiyo yakaisa hwaro hwekucherechedzwa kwesainzi sebazi uye sechokwadi, iyo yakanga yatukwa mukati meMiddle Ages. Mune ino posvo isu tichave tichiziva hunhu hukuru hwekumutsiridzwa.
Ngatizivei izwi rekuti "Renaissance"
Izwi iri rakagadzirwa richitsvaga zvimwe zvinhu zvechiGiriki zvechiRoma tsika, uye rakashandiswa senzira yekudzosera kuhunhu hwetsika dzechiGreek neRoma uye kufungisisa kwetsika nehupenyu nenzira yakasununguka pane nzira yekuomerera yekuita zvinhu yakarovererwa mumazana emakore akapfuura Middle Ages, iyo yaizivikanwa nekuomesesa uye kuomarara nevanozvidza.
Muchikamu chino chinozivikanwa sekumutsiridza, nzira yekuona munhu yashandurwa uye kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa muminda yehunyanzvi, huzivi, kemesitiri, fizikisi, masvomhu, zvivakwa uye nebasa rehunyanzvi.
Nenzira iyi, iyo theocentrism yaitonga muMiddle Ages inogona kutsiviwa neanthropocentrism, iyo yainyanya kufarira ruzivo rwehunhu hwemunhu.
Hunhu hweRenaissance zvakave zvakadzidzwa zvakanyanya uye kuongororwa, uye kubvumirana kwakasvitswa kuti chimwe cheakanyanya hunhu panguva ino hwaive hunyanzvi hwake, uhwo nhasi hwatinoziva sehunyanzvi hweRenaissance. Ndiwo wakauya kuzotsiva hunyanzvi hwepakati nepakati, hwaionekwa senyika yechihedheni, uye yakazozivikanwa sehunyanzvi hweGothic. Uku kufamba mune hunyanzvi ndiko kwakagadzika matauriro ekufambira mberi nemamwe matavi anoumba hunhu, uye akashandira kupa kukurudzira kumatavi esainzi.
Ngatitaurei nezvenhoroondo yekuzvarwa patsva
Iyo nguva yeiyo Renaissance inoratidza kutanga kweiyo yazvino zera, nguva inowanzo simbiswa pakati penguva yekuwanikwa kweAmerica muna 1492 neFrench Revolution muna 1789, uye kuti, mundima yetsika, yakakamurwa kuva Renaissance uye iyo Baroque; uye yaive nezvikamu zvakaita seMannerism, Rococo neNeoclassicism.
ari Nhoroondo dzakaitika dzeRenaissance dzinogona kuteverwa pakuderera kwenyika yepakati. zvakaitika mukati mezana ramakore regumi nesere nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvinhu, sekuderera kweHutsvene hweRoma Humambo, kushomeka kweChechi yeKatorike nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwenyika uye mafambiro enhema ayo akamutsa Shanduko yePurotesitendi.
Matanho ekuberekwazve
Matanho akasiyana enhoroondo akaratidzira kusimudzira kweRenaissance. Yekutanga yeiyi yakaitika mukati mezana ramakore regumi nesere: inonzi quattrocenter, uye inosanganisira iyo yekutanga Renaissance, iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seLow Renaissance, inoitika muItari.
Chikamu chechipiri chinomuka muzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu uye chinozivikanwa seCinquecento: Hunyanzvi hwake hunotumidzwa kune yakasarudzika iyo inozivikanwawo seyakakwirira Renaissance. Munguva iyi, vanhu vakakura saMiguel Ángel, Rafael, Da Vinci vakabuda, pakati pevamwe. Ino inguva yeiyo Renaissance heyday.
Quattrocenter yaive pakati peFlorence neTuscany. Kupfava uye kujeka uye kwekushongedza kujekesa chaive chakakosha chimiro chekuvakwa kweiyi nguva. Iwo echinyakare mamodheru akave neiyo stylization maitiro uye anochinjika kumatemberi evaKristu enguva yacho.
ICinquecento yaive nenzvimbo yayo muRome. Pakati pe-1500s Donato Bramanate akapedza chirongwa chake chakakurumbira cheBasilica yaSanta Peter, chinova chivakwa chaizoisa matauriro muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Pakati peiyi nhanho, zvivakwa zvinowanzo kuita monumentality uye ukuru. Dzimba dzehumambo dzaive dzakashongedzwa ne-bas-reliefs kana zvifananidzo zvakasununguka.
Huru maficha
Hunhu hweRenaissance hwakawanda uye hunozivikanwa pasirese, sezvo tichiri kuzviona nekuzvishandisa kunyangwe izvozvi, kunyangwe hazvo makore anopfuura mazana matanhatu apfuura, isu tichiri kungoyemura hunyanzvi hweRenaissance uye kunakidzwa neruzivo rwefilosofi rwakawanikwa panguva iyoyo. .. Izvo zvakakosha maitiro eiyo Renaissance aive:
Hunhu:
Hunhu uhwu hunogona kutsanangurwa sekusimbiswa kwakapihwa hupenyu munyika ino, kupfuura hupenyu hwemweya hwaive hwakakunda mukati meMiddle Ages.
Ivo vanhu veRenaissance vakatora kufarira kukuru kune izvo zvinoreva munhu, mukuremekedzwa kwake uye nemikana yake yehupenyu hwenyika ino. Panguva yekuzvarwa patsva yaimiririra shanduko huru, sezvo zvaipfuura kubva pahupenyu hwekufungisisa hwairarama muMiddle Ages kuenda kuhupenyu hunoshanda. Nenzira iyi, mupiro mukuru wakaitwa kuzvidzidzo zvevanhu.
Kugadziriswa kweaesthetics:
Chimwe cheakakosha maitiro eRenaissance yaive yekutenda kutsva kwakapihwa kune aesthetics uye nehunyanzvi hwakanakisa. Kwavari, mabasa ehunyanzvi eGreek neRoma yekare aive neakanyanya kunaka uye kutsika kwakakura kupfuura izvo zvakawanikwa munguva dzeMiddle Ages.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero panguva yekuona chivezwa chakaitwa munguva yeRenaissance, uyu anotaridzika zvakanyanya kunge chivezwa cheGreek. Munguva dzino, aesthetics yakave yakakosha, uye vakadzi vakatangawo kupfeka nenzira dzinowirirana, vachisiyana nenzira yakapusa yekupfeka yaikunda muMiddle Ages.
Kukosha kwesainzi uye kufunga:
Pakati peino nguva pfungwa yekuti pane tsananguro yesainzi yechero chiitiko chiripo yakadzivirirwa, uye tsananguro dzakapihwa neChechi yeKaturike kana dzaisave tsananguro dzesainzi dzakashorwa. Yakanga iri nguva iyi apo kufambira mberi kukuru musainzi kwakawanikwa uye kwekutanga kwesainzi kwakaitika..
mumhanzi:
Mimhanzi yaizivikanwa kwazvo panguva yeRenaissance. Kunyangwe muKudzikira Renaissance kwaishandiswa sechikamu cheMisa dzeKaturike, zvishoma gare gare yakazoshandiswa muzvitendero zvePurotesitendi uye mhirizhonga yaionekwa mumigwagwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti fundo dzakasiyana siyana dziitwe kuti vaone mhedzisiro yemimhanzi pane senses, uye nenzira iyi kufambira mberi kukuru kwakawanikwa munzvimbo ino.
Literature:
Chikamu chakanaka chehunhu hweRenaissance chakaitika mune izvo zvatinoziva semabhuku. Vanyori veRenaissance vakadai saPetarca naGiovanni Boccaccio vakatarisa nyowani kuGirisi neRome, vachimutsidzira yavo tsika nemagariro.