Mukati menguva iyi yenguva, munhu ari kuve neshanduko huru padanho rezvetsika nerechitendero izvo zvakagadzirisa hunhu hwavo. Paivewo neshanduko dzakakomba dzakatarisira kuguma kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Nhasi, isu tanga tichida kukuunzirai iyo yese zera repakati ruzivo kuti iwe unofanirwa kuziva, kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuona idzo tsika dzatinotora sevanhu uye kugara nhasi, zvitendero zvipi zvatinochengeta kubva panguva ino nguva uye nekukosha kwazvaive kune zvakaguma zvevanhu.
Ndeipi iyo Middle Ages?
Inguva yenguva iyo inosanganisira makore ekupedzisira ekupatsanurwa kweWestern Roman Humambo, kusvika Zera Razvino rakatanga mushure mekunge Christopher Columbus awana America.
Chikamu chekusaziva kana zera rerima, chaidzvanyirira munhu. Nguva refu dzemhirizhonga dzakanangana zvakananga nehupenyu hwemunhu nekutenda kusingaperi kwechechi mumasimba emagariro, uye kudiwa kweichi kumisikidza kuraira kumwechete.
Kune rimwe divi, yaive nehukasha munhoroondo yehunyanzvi nekuda kwekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvine akasiyana maumbirwo ekuvaka.
Mune ino nguva, mafambiro ehunyanzvi anokura nekuda kwekutaurirana zvido zvinoonekwa nemunhu, zvakare kuvepo kwaMwari sechinhu chikuru chekutya ndicho chikonzero chehukuru hweMiddle Ages.
Izvo zvakasiyana hunyanzvi senge zvinyorwa, kupenda, kuvaka uye zvivezwa, ndivo vanopokana vevasina mhirizhonga zvakanaka nguva ino.
Matanho eMiddle Ages
Ngatitangei nekukamura avhareji zera nematanho, mune ese aya nguva yenguva pakave nekuchinja kwetsika uye shanduko.
Makore epakati epakati
Makore epakati ekuMiddle Ages aisanganisira mazana mashanu kusvika kumazana gumi nerimwe emakore, panguva iyo hunyanzvi hwehutongi hwakakunda, hwaisanganisira hutongi hwezvikwata zvevanhu zvakasarudzira vasina rombo rakanaka.
Hunhu hwakadai samambo, vanokudzwa uye vafundisi, vanozivisa ramangwana revanhuwo zvavo nevarombo. Vaya vekare vaive nesimba rekusarudza nezveramangwana revapashure avo vakashurikidzwa uye vakanyadziswa ne "mamiriro avo ehupfumi pamwe nehupfumi."
Middle Ages
Inosanganisira yegumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemashanu emakore, chiKristu chinova chiripo nekuda kwekukwikwidza. Hupfumi hwenyika dziri padyo huri kukura, uko zana regumi nemaviri negumi nematatu ndicho chinhu chekupemberera uye kubudirira; asi mumazana emakore akatevera kuvapo kwezvipembenene nezvirwere zvakatambudza huwandu hwevaMiddle Ages.
Ndeapi maitiro eMiddle Ages?
Tevere, isu tinokupa iwe mumazhinji mitsara iyo iyo hunhu hunotsanangura zera repakati:
Chechi
Aive nekutonga kwakazara kwenzanga dzese, kutya Mwari uye kuve vatadzi ndizvo zvikonzero zvakagadzirisa uye kukunda vanhu vepakati.
Hupenyu hwetsika uye shanduko yehunyanzvi
Unyanzvi hunova hwakakosha senzira chete yekutaura kwetsika dzakadzvinyirirwa, ndosaka nguva dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi dzinosanganisira Middle Ages dzinogona kuwanikwa, uko chokwadi chitendero chinokunda sechiratidzo chemufananidzo:
- Unyanzvi hwekutanga hwechiKristu: Hunyanzvi hwechitendero hunoratidzira hupenyu hwaJesu, hwakagadzirwa nenzira yakavanda kuitira kuti vateveri vemwanakomana waMwari varege kuurawa. Mune uhu hunyanzvi, hutongi hwehuwandu hwakamira pachena, kuvapo kwaMwari kwakamiririrwa nenzira yemunhu, izvo zvikamu zvebasa zviri zvinoenderana nemutemo wepamberi wakashandiswa kwemakore muhunyanzvi hweEjipitori.
- Unyanzvi hweByzantine: inochengetedza mutemo wepamberi pemaKristu ekutanga, zvivezwa, mosaic uye pendi zvinomira mukati menguva ino. Iko kushandiswa kwemavara ane simba aripo mune iyo pendi, iyo frescoes pazvikomo zvebasilicas inomira, uye iyo tsika ine yakasimba simba yekumabvazuva.
- ChiIslam art: iyo geometrization yezviverengero inotungamira mune ese madhiri, iine kukoshesa pakuvaka uye mosaics. Iyo iconoclastic uye inoshandisa zvisirizvo zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka kwayo, ine inoshanda uye yekushongedza hunhu iyo inotsvaga kufadza vamwari vakasiyana veIslam.
- Pre-Romanesque art: Iyo ine mwero zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe mafambiro, ine echiKristu, Celtic uye eGerman zvinhu.
- Gothic art: hombe zvivakwa zvinonyanya kutonga mumachechi uye basilicas. Chinangwa chikuru cheGothic chaive chekumisikidza kutya vanhu, ndosaka gargoyles inogona kucherechedzwa pamusuwo wemachechi sechiratidzo chehuipi, saka vanhu vaive netsika dzezvitendero.
- Renaissance art: kuberekwa patsva kwaive kupenya kwakapa mukana wekubata kwemasaisai matsva, mune ino nguva pfupi, kutya Mwari kunenge kwapera zvachose uye munhu anotanga kuve protagonist, anoziva uye chinhu chekudzidza. Philosophy uye nesainzi izvo zvakaiswa parutivi netsika dzechiGreek zvinodzoka.
Mipiro yehungwaru
Yese nguva dzetsika dzakabatanidzwa muMiddle Ages dzakakosha, zvisinei, iyo Renaissance yaive yakanyanya kupenya danho revanhu, uko munhu angave muzivi, dhizaini, chiremba, psychologist, pendi, muvezi, munyori, mudzidzisi, musayendisiti uye anokwanisa kubata. zviuru zvemabasa uye sainzi. Chaizvoizvo misimboti yemushonga yakagadziriswa mukati menguva ino yenhoroondo, uko huta, kutenderera, mapfupa uye mhasuru masystem emuviri anowoneswa kuti anzwisise zvirinani, kunyanya ezvirwere zvakatambudza vanhu.
Zvekurima
Pakati pehunhu hweMiddle Ages, tinowana kuvandudzwa kwekurima sebasa guru rehupfumi, nekuti kudyara kwaive kwakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva pakudiwa kwechikafu kubva kumikoho.
Kutya
Yakanga ichirarama munenge nguva yese yepakati nepakati, hutongi hwaisanganisira mambo achipa nzvimbo kumachinda nevarwi kuitira kuti vadzingwe munharaunda vaive pasi pehuranda hwake vashande. Iyo purofiti yaive yeiyo feudal yaipa dziviriro uye kupotera kune varombo.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Kereke waive mutemo mukuru, wakapa izwi rekupedzisira kuzvisarudzo zvaida kuitwa nevanhu zvekugara zvakanaka. Zano rake raive rekumanikidza vanhu kutya Mwari, achivanyima kodzero yekugona kuverenga nekunyora kuitira kuti vatonyanya kutonga pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo. Dzaive nguva dzakasviba kune avo vaida kuwana ruzivo rwechitendero, varume vakapfuma chete uye vane rukudzo vaive chikamu chevanhu vepamusoro vezvitendero, vaiwana ruzivo rwakadai.
Kusaenzana munharaunda
Sosaiti yakakamurwa zvinoenderana nemakirasi enharaunda, zvinoenderana nechimiro chepiramidhi chinogadza marongero ehurongwa hwevaya vanogadzira nekuda kwehupfumi pamwe nemagariro zvimiro zvaive nevanhu.
Kupatsanurwa kwesimba
Vese vafundisi nehumambo vaive nesimba rakaenzana, kunyangwe vaive nemabasa akasiyana muhumambo, vese vaigona kuwana mabhenefiti akafanana.
Isu tinovimba kuti iyi posvo nezve hunhu hweMiddle Ages yanga iri yekuda kwako, sezvo isu takaigadzirira nekuunganidza ruzivo uye nekukupa iwe nenzira yakapusa inogoneka.