Iyo ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yeuropi sezvo iri basa rekudzora mahormone anoburitswa mumuviri kuburikidza nepituitary gland, inoitisawo fungidziro uye kudzidza kunoitwa nehuropi.
Tsanangudzo uye mashandiro
Iyo hypothalamus inoenderana nekuronga maitiro emunhu, shanduko yetembiricha yemuviri, uyezve inogadzirisa hukasha, kubereka uye kudya. Ndiyo rnzvimbo yenyukireya iri munzvimbo yepazasi ye thalamus uye inoumbwa nechikamu chikuru chediencephalon.
Ndeapi mabasa eiyo hypothalamus?
Iyo hypothalamus inozadzikisa mabasa mazhinji emuviri senge kudyiwa kwechikafu, kungave kuri kwemvura kana kusimba, kusangana, manzwiro ese, kumisidzana, pakati pevamwe, maitiro aya anogona kuve akapatsanurwa kuita maviri marudzi, ayo ari pachena visceral uye ayo ari emanzwiro.
Nzara
Iyo inokwanisa kudzora zvese manzwiro anokonzerwa nenzara, uye kunyangwe idzo dziripo mushure mekudya, satiety, inozoonekwa nekudzora mwero wecholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, pakati pevamwe.
Kurota
Iyo circadian mutinhimira inonyatso kuzivikanwa sekumuka uye kurara inodzorwa neashure uye epamberi zvikamu zveiyo hypothalamus, iyo inokwanisa kudzora nekuidzora, kuitira kuti muviri ugone kuzorora zvakanaka, izvo zvinogadzira sosi yakanaka yesimba. zuva rinotevera uye kuita kwakanaka kwemuviri.
Emociones
Manzwiro ayo munhu anonzwa anogadzirwa neakaseti emakemikari zvinhu zvine poindi yavo yekusangana mu hypothalamus gland, iyo inonzi neuropeptides kana maeurohormones ayo ari mhedzisiro yemubatanidzwa wezvimwe zvinhu zvinozivikanwa seamino acids uye peptides, nekuda kweizvi zvave kufunga kuti manzwiro senge hasha, kusuwa, mufaro, chishuwo chepabonde chinomuka mu hypothalamus , kunzwa kwekuda, pakati pevamwe.
Iyo hypothalamus ine hutongi, uyezve inodzora iyo yekuzvionera system, kuburikidza nehunhu hwainayo pahunhu hwehuropi, hwayo hwunofungidzirwa senzvimbo inokonzeresa kune yakajairika chimiro chemuviri, kutaurirana kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekubatana kweakawanda masisitimu ayo inoumbwa neiyi nzira, iyo yepakati forebrain bundle, iyo inosangana ne trunk neiyo hypothalamus munzira mbiri, uye munzira ye rostral, inobatana septal dunhu neiyo hypothalamus pamwe nenzvimbo dze prefrontal cortex.
Temperatura
Kune mhando mbiri dze hypothalamus, rostral kana anterior, mishonga inozivikanwa separasympathetic, uye caudal kana posterior, iyo mune zvekurapa inozivikanwa sekunzwira tsitsi, iyo inopihwa zviitiko zvakasiyana zvine chekuita netembiricha, iri parasympathetic iyo inoparadzanisa kana inodzinga kupisa, nepo mukomana akanaka achichengeta gadzirisa tembiricha yemuviri kuitira kuti igare ichigara uye igadzikane, ichivimba nekudzora kwehuwandu hwekudikitira uye mweya wekufema.
Neuroanatomy
Iyo hypothalamus inoratidzirwa nekuve inzvimbo yakazara yenyukireya, ndosaka iri iine kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakati wandei zvine grey nyaya, zvine mimwe miganho, pakati pazvo zvinotevera zvinogona kutaurwa.
- Lower muganho: pasi iyo ndiyo yakadzika muganho weiyi inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakati wandei, pakati payo pane mammillary tubercles, iyo optic chiasm, iwo optic mabhendi uye pituitary stalk.
- Muganhu wekupedzisira: izvi zvakaumbwa pakati pemacapsule emukati.
- Mberi kumberi: iyo supra-optic lamina, inozivikanwa zviri nani seinoguma lamina
- Rear muganho: iri mu trigone, iyo neimwe nzira chaiyo, iri mundege yakanangana pane kuseri kwemammillary tubercles.
Masero emhando mu hypothalamus
Mune iyo hypothalamus, mhando mbiri dzeeuron dzinogona kuburitsa dzinogona kuzivikanwa, dzinozotsanangurwa pazasi.
- Magnocellular mauroni: Ivo vanoonekwa sekuwedzera kweiyo hypothalamus, ivo vanozivikanwa semazhinji maseru, nekuda kwemhando mbiri idzi, iwo ndiwo ane saizi yakakura. Aya ane kugona kuburitsa mahormone epeptic hunhu, ayo anozivikanwa seayo neuro-pituitary, ichi chikamu chinotyisa chepituitary, umo ropa rinodururwa nekuchengetwa uye kudururwa.
- Parvocellular neurons: anozivikanwa nekuve nekwaniso yekuburitsa hypophysotropic zvinhu zviri nani kuzivikanwa seepeptide mahormoni ari mune yekutanga plexus yepakati medial ukuru, uko kukurudzira kweimwe pituitary mahormone kunoitika, avo vanokonzeresa aya ndiwo adenohypophysis mahormone, pakati peaya mahormone akajairika gonadotropin, prolactin, uye thyrotropin-inosunungura mahormone mukuwedzera kune kukura-kukurudzira mahormone.
Aya marudzi ema-neuron zvakare anokwanisa kuburitsa maviri marudzi esomatic nuclei, ayo ari paraventricular uye supraoptic.
Neural nuclei
Kunze kwenzvimbo mbiri dzakataurwa muchikamu chakapfuura, kune mamwe marudzi eaya, pakati payo ayo akakosha pane anotevera.
- Dorso-medial nucleus.
- Ventro-medial nucleus.
- Mamillary nucleus.
- Mushonga wekutanga.
- Suprachiasmatic nucleus.
- Infundibular nucleus.
- Lateral nuclei.
- Anterior hypothalamic nucleus.
- Posterior hypothalamic nucleus.
Chimwe nechimwe cheizvi chine hunhu hwakasiyana, uhwo ita zvakakosha mumuviri, senge tembiricha mirau yakadai sekutonhora kana kupisa, kuguta, kuburitswa kwemahormone uye zvinhu, pamwe nekunzwira tsitsi uye mabasa eparasympathetic, kusanganisira kutora chikamu mundangariro uye kudikitira maitiro, uye kunzwa kwenzara, kutya, hasha uye zvese zvinozivikanwa manzwiro.
Mahormone akagadzirwa
Iyi nhengo yemakemikari ine mabasa mazhinji ayo akanaka kwazvo kumuviri wemunhu, sekuburitswa kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira uye zvinokurudzira muropa kuchengetedza kuyerera kwakanaka kweiyi yakakosha fluid, pamwe nekudzora kwekushisa kwayo, kunyangwe iinewo sekusikwa kwemaNeurohormone matsva akafanirwa kuvigwa mumuviri, akadai seoxytocin uye antidiuretic hormone.
Mhoro, ndiregerere, unogona kunditumira zita rako rekupedzisira? Ndezve basa porfiiis 🙁