Maumbirwo etymological ezwi iri ane mavambo echiGiriki, inoumbwa nezvinhu zviviri zvemutauro iwoyo: zano, Inotsanangurwa se "chimiro kana chitarisiko" uye chinomiririra lodge zvinoreva kudzidza kwechimwe chinhu chakanangana.
Kufarira kwemunhu pachako kunopa nzvimbo kwayakatangira, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvinoita kuti imwe pfungwa imire. Iyo yakazvimiririra kubva kune chaiwo mamiriro ezvinhu eboka reruzhinji nekuti rinobva kwavari nekuvanyengedza ivo pachavo zvido zvaro.
Ideology inoratidzirwa nechinangwa chekuchengetedza kana kushandura magariro-hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika kana zvetsika tsika zvinokunda munharaunda yakapihwa. Inoongorora hunhu hwakaenzana hwakazara uye ichiita chirongwa chekuzadzisa icho chinoita seyakanaka sezvo, muchidimbu, inomiririra nzanga uye panguva imwechete inopa chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika.
Ihwo hwaro hwedzidziso hunosarudzira zvishuwo zvinodikanwa zvehupenyu uye mukupesana nayo hwaro hunoshanda hunosimbisa seti yezviito, matanho uye shanduko dzakakosha kuti uwane zvaunoda kuzadzisa.
Zvitendero uye mazano zvese zvemunhu, zveboka kana zvemagariro zvakagadzirwa mune imwe nharaunda yemunhu ivo vanotsanangudza mafungiro avo, maitiro avo ekufunga.
Mufungo unobatanidza mativi akasiyana ezviitiko munharaunda; zvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi, zvechitendero, zvemagariro, zvesainzi uye zvehunyanzvi. Inogona kureva zvese kune pfungwa nemifungo yemunhu, yenzanga uye kunyangwe yenguva dzezvakaitika.
Kana munzanga mune seti yemafungiro akasarudzika ane chekuita neicho chaicho uye akagovaniswa uye achigamuchirwa sechokwadi, isu tiri pamberi pechirevo cheboka reboka iri.
Idzi pfungwa dzinova hunhu hunovazivisa ivo zvakafanana kune kwavo kwechitendero tsika, nzanga kirasi, bonde, zvido zvematongerwo enyika, nyika, nezvimwe. Vanogona kuiswa mumapoka madiki uye semuenzaniso zvitendero, pamwe nemumapoka akakura semuenzaniso; vatsigiri vemapato ezvematongerwo enyika, zvikwata zvemitambo, nezvimwe.
Mhando dzemafungiro
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwevanhu vanobvumirana nezvimwe zvinangwa, izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa se:
- Kunyanya: Inoreva kufunga kwepfungwa kwemunhu mumwe chete
- Hukuru: Kana ideology ikawedzerwa kunharaunda izere.
- Zvimwewo: Kana izvo tarisiro yedzidziso huru isingagutse vateveri vayo uye kugadzirisa patsva kwemazano kunokurudzirwa. Zvichienderana nekunzwisisa kwavo kushanduko, mazano anogona kuve:
- Vanochengetedza: Ivo vanotsvaga kuchengetedzwa kweiyo system.
- Shanduko: Ivo vanoshandisa zvisingatarisirwi uye zvakanyanya shanduko.
- Vashanduri: Zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko dzinoshanda
- Kudzorera: Ivo vanogadziridza iripo system.
Pfungwa dzinogona kumbofambira mberi nekutaurirana, kuongorora uye kugadzirisa nekubvumirana kwezvavanofunga kuti ndizvo zvakanaka kana zvinokuvadza muhurongwa hwemagariro.
Zvimwe zvinomisikidzwa nemapoka makuru evazhinji akafunga simba rekushandisa uyo anonyanya kufarira kufurira nekutonga nharaunda, dzimwe nguva achishandisa nzira dzemhirizhonga.
Aya maitiro ekumisikidza maitiro haasiyanisi rakanangana neboka renharaunda, anogona kuve masangano, magariro, ezvematongerwo enyika, echitendero kana echinyakare mafambiro.
Matongerwo enyika.
ChiFascism
Iyi pfungwa yakanangana nepfungwa yekuti simba rinofanirwa kuiswa mumutungamiri uye nyika pamusoro pemunhu. Kudzora kwakazara kwekuteerera pamwe chete. Simba remurume pamusoro pemukadzi.
Urudzi
Kudzivirirwa kwenzvimbo yekuzivikanwa kunogona kusanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzemafungiro; hupfumi, dzinza, chitendero, tsika nezvimwe.
Liberalism
Ndiyo imwe inofungisisa kupatsanurwa kwemasimba ehurumende, kodzero dzevanhu nehutongi hwakarongeka pasina kurerutsa tsika dzechitendero, kuenzana pakati pevanhu nekodzero yezvivakwa zvavo.
Maonero ezvehupfumi
Capitalism
Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuunganidzwa kwemari semutsara wezvehupfumi. Mariri, zviwanikwa zvekugadzira ndezvevanhu vega, mashandiro avo akavakirwa pundutso uye zviitiko zvemari zvinotorwa pahwaro hwekudyara mari. Mune iyi pfungwa munhu wese akabatanidzwa vanozvibata zvinoenderana nezvido zvinovafambisauye; muridzi wemari (capitalist) anoenda kunotsvaga purofiti yepamusoro; mushandi anoita basa kuti agamuchire muripo (muhoro) uye vatengi vanotsvaga kuwana zvigadzirwa zvakanakisa kana masevhisi pamutengo unovakwanira. Iyo inowanzodaidzwa kuti yemahara pamusika hupfumi.
Yakavanzika chivakwa ndiyo yayo huru axis uye izvo zvinhu zvinoumba zvinodzorwa zvinoenderana nazvo, zvinoti; rusununguko rwekumabhizimusi, chiitiko chinotsanangurwa nemubatsiri wemari yake, mutengo wemitengo, kukwikwidza kwebhizinesi uye kupindira kushoma kwenyika.
Communism
Izvo zvinoenderana nesangano renharaunda risingazive zvakavanzika zvivakwa, kana mutsauko mumagariro makirasi. Iine kutonga kwenzira dzekugadzira uye inovimbisa kugovera zvinhu nenzira imwecheteyo pakati penhengo dzenzanga zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Sisitimu iyi inotsvaga kuita matanho akakurisa kuitira kuti ibvise pfuma yemunhu kuitira kuti ishandiswe neHurumende.
Zvemagariro
Nyika ndiyo inochengetedza muridzi wenzira dzinobudirira uye manejimendi avo, zvakare ine chinangwa che kufambira mberi kubviswa kwemakirasi enharaunda. Iye anodzivirira dzidziso yekuti ese makuru mapato ehupfumi anofanira kunge ari pasi pehurumende.
Kunyangwe ichitaridzika kunge secommunism mune ayo mafungidziro, socialism inopa hurongwa hwehupfumi uko nharaunda iri muridzi wezve nzira yekugadzira uye kugovera kwavo, kana kwe hurumende yepakati inotonga kuronga nekudzora hupfumi.
Veruzhinji rusununguko
Izvo, umo shanduko ine runyararo yemakapitalist system kune socialism inotsvakwa pamwe nekuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma mukati mehurongwa, kudzivirira nzira dzemhirizhonga. Iye anotarisira kuzadzisa akakwirira nhanho dzerusununguko, kuenzana uye kugara zvakanaka kwenzanga yese, pamwe nekukurudzira hunhu hwerunyararo, kubatana, mutoro, kufambira mberi uye hukama hwevanhu.
Ivo havabvumirane nenzira iyo iyo misika hupfumi inogovera zviwanikwa, zvisinei vanozvigamuchira asi vachitsvaga kupindira kwenyika mukutsvaga chiyero icho chinovimbisa rusununguko rwehupfumi.
Gender ideology.
Iyi pfungwa zvinoenderana nekutenda kwevatsigiri vayo, kuti maonero emagariro evanhu ari pamusoro pehunhu hwayo, uye hunhu hwayo hwemagariro hwakakosha kupfuura zvinoita muviri wayo. Ivo vanoramba echisikigo gadziriro yechikadzi (mukadzi-murume) vachipokana kuti hazvisiyi nzvimbo yeimwe sarudzo. Nekutora izwi remutauro "chechikadzi" rinovabvumidza kutaura kumatunhu matatu (echirume, echikadzi uye neuter).
Vanofunga kuti munharaunda, izvo zvinonzi nemunhu mune zvebonde (bonde ravo repfungwa) zvinofanirwa kutambirwa zvakasununguka pane izvo zvinovazivisa panyama (bonde rekubereka).
Zvidzidzo maererano nehunhu hwepabonde hwemunhu zvinotangisa kuvepo kwezvinhu zvitatu zvinoenderana zvinoenderana; bonde rekubereka, bonde repfungwa uye zvepabonde pabonde.
Muvose varume nevakadzi pane kubatana kwakabatana pakati pezvinhu zvemuviri wavo, psychic uye zvemweya pamwe nehupenyu uye tsika.
Vatsigiri veiyi ideology kazhinji ngochani, transgenic, bisexual. Iyi pfungwa inotsvaga kusunungurwa kwemunhu munzvimbo dzese dzenzanga.
Nyaya yemafungiro yakafara uye panguva imwechete yakaoma. Mazhinji ane hukama kune mumwe nemumwe nekuti kuve zano rakanyatsoenderana nekufunga kwevanhu uye nharaunda yaro yemagariro, iyo inosanganisira nzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu, zvinonzwisisika zvinoitika kudyidzana kwepfungwa izvo zvinoita kuti kudzidza kwake kuve kwakakura.
Ino nguva takafamba nemafungidziro azvino uye ane nharo munharaunda uye tichiziva kuti kune mamwe akawanda anofanirwa kuongororwa.