Vanhu vane dzidziso dzakasimba vanobatirira pane zvavanotenda, kunyangwe nyanzvi padzinopokana uye humbowo hunopokana nazvo. Tsvagurudzo nyowani kubva kuCase Western Reserve University inogona kubatsira kutsanangudza maonero akanyanyisa - pamusoro pechitendero, zvematongerwo enyika nezvimwe - zvinoita kunge zviri kuwedzera muvanhu.
Zvidzidzo zviviri zvinoongorora hunhu hunofambisa dzidziso yechitendero uye isiri yechitendero. Ivo vanoratidza kuti kune zvakafanana uye misiyano yakakosha mune izvo zvinotungamira imbwa mune aya mapoka maviri.
Dogmatism munzanga
Mumapoka ese ari maviri, hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekufunga hunosanganisirwa nematanho epasi eimbwa. Asi aya mapoka maviri anosiyana pamabatirwo anoitwa hunhu pesvedzero yavo mukufunga kwakasimba. Inokurudzira kuti vanhu vezvinamato vabatirire pane zvimwe zvitendero, kunyanya izvo zvinoita sekunge hazvibvumirane nekufunga kwekufunga, nekuti izvo zvaunotenda zvinoenderana nemanzwiro ako etsika.
Kushushikana kwepfungwa kunobatsira vanhu vanonamata kunzwa vakachengetedzeka: kuwanda kwehunhu kwavanoona mune chimwe chinhu, ndipo panosimbisa kufunga kwavo, "akadaro Anthony Jack, purofesa wefilosofi uye munyori wekutsvagurudza." Kupesana, hunhu hunetse hunoita kuti vanhu vasiri vechitendero vanzwe kusagadzikana.
Kunzwisisa uku kunogona kuratidza nzira yekutaurirana zvinobudirira nevanonyanyisa. Kukweretesa kune pfungwa yehunhu hunhu hweanonamata dzidziso uye pfungwa dzisiri dzepfungwa dzeanopesana nechitendero imbwa dzinogona kuwedzera mikana yekuwana meseji kuyambuka, kana kumbofungisisa nezvayo. Tsvagiridzo yakaburitswa mu Zvinyorwa zveChechi uye Hutano.
Nzvimbo dzakanyanyisa
Nepo tsitsi huru dzichiita sedzinodikanwa, kunzwira tsitsi pasina kuzvidzora kunogona kuva nenjodzi, sekureva kwechidzidzo. Iwo magandanga, mukati memubutiro wavo, vanotenda kuti icho chinhu chine hunhu kwazvo chavari kuita. Ivo vanotenda kuti vari kugadzirisa zvikanganiso uye kuchengetedza chinhu chinoyera. Mune zvematongerwo enyika nhasi, nekutaura kwese uku kwenhau dzenhema, hutongi hwaTrump, nekushushikana nevanhu, vanokwidza kunhengo dzepasi payo vachiregeredza chokwadi. Hwaro hwaTrump hunosanganisira chikamu chakakura chevanhu vanozviti vanonamata varume nevakadzi.
Kune kumwe kunyanyisa, kunyangwe vachironga hupenyu hwavo mukutenderedza kufunga kwakasimba, varwi vasingatendi kuti kuna Mwari vanogona vasina zano rekuona chero chinhu chakanaka pamusoro pechitendero; ivo vanongoona chete kuti inopesana nemafungiro avo esainzi uye ekuongorora.
Zvidzidzo izvi, zvichibva paongororo yevanhu vanopfuura mazana mapfumbamwe, zvakawanawo zvimwe zvakafanana pakati pevanhu vanonamata nevasiri vechitendero. Mumapoka ese ari maviri, avo vanonyanya kuomerera pane hunyanzvi pakufunga kwekuongorora, uye ivowo vane mikana mishoma yekutarisa matambudziko kubva mumaonero evamwe.
Muchidzidzo chekutanga, vatori vechikamu makumi maviri nevapfumbamwe vakazviratidza sevaKristu, 209 sevasinganamati, mapfumbamwe echiJuda, mashanu echiBhudha, mana echiHindu, mumwe wechiMuslim, uye chimwe chitendero makumi maviri nemana. Yese bvunzo dzakapedzwa kuongorora imbwa, kunetsekana, zvinhu zvekufunga kwekufunga uye zvido zvevanhu.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vezvitendero kazhinji vaive nehupamhi hwehupamhi hwekusimbisa dzidziso, kunetsekana, uye chinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika, nepo vasiri vechitendero vanopinda vakaita zvirinani pachiyero chekufunga kwekuongorora. Kuderera kwekunzwira tsitsi pakati pevasinganamati kunoenderana nekukura kweimbwa.
Chidzidzo chechipiri, chaisanganisira vatori vechikamu mazana maviri negumi vakazviratidza sevaKristu, makumi maviri nevaviri vasina chitendero, maHindu makumi matanhatu, maBuddha gumi nevaviri, maJuda gumi nevaviri, maMuslim gumi uye zvimwe zvitendero gumi nematanhatu, zvakadzokorora zvakawanda zvekutanga asi zvakawedzera matanho ekutora nekutora dzidziso.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara munhu, anonamata kana kwete, iye kashoma kufunga nezve maonero evamwe. Dzidziso dzezvitendero dzaive dzakabatana zvakanyanya nekunetsekana kwekunzwisisa pakati pevanamati.
Mapuraneti maviri enetiweki
Vanoongorora vanoti mhedzisiro yeongororo inowedzera kutsigira basa ravo rekare richiratidza kuti vanhu vane network mbiri dzehuropi. Imwe yekunzwira tsitsi uye imwe yekufunga kwekufunga, izvo zviri kunetsana pakati pavo. Muvanhu vane hutano, maitiro avo ekufunga anosiyana pakati pezviviri. Kusarudza network chaiyo ye matambudziko akasiyana avanofunga kana mamiriro ezvinhu avanozviwana vari maari.
Asi mupfungwa dzeanonamata dzidziso, iyo network yekunzwisisa inoita senge iri kutonga, nepo iri mupfungwa yeasina chinamato imbwa, iyo analytic network inoita kunge inotonga. Ipo zvidzidzo zvikaongorora kuti misiyano mu worldview yechitendero inopesana neasina-zvechitendero zvinokanganisa dzidziso, iko kutsvagisa kunoshanda zvakanyanya, vakadaro vaongorori.
Dogmatism inoshanda kune chero yekutenda kwekutanga, kubva pakudya tsika, kungave kuve vegan, zvinomera, kana omnivore. Kunyangwe maonero ezvematongerwo enyika nekutenda nezve shanduko uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Vanyori vanotarisira kuti izvi uye kumwe kutsvagurudza kunobatsira kugadzirisa kupatsanurwa kwemafungiro anoita kunge kuri kuwedzera uye kuwanda.
Njodzi dzekudzidzira dzidziso
Dogmatism yakatsanangurwa seisina hwaro positivity mune zvemafungiro; kuzvitutumadza kutaura kwemafungiro sezvokwadi. Munhoroondo yese, uye zvirokwazvo munguva dzichangopfuura, tine muenzaniso mushure memuenzaniso wekutenda kwekusaziva kunoguma nemhedzisiro inosuruvarisa.
Tinozviona muhurumende yedu, muchitendero chedu uye muhukama hwedu. Patinobata zvitendero zvisina tsarukano, tinovhara pfungwa dzedu kune mamwe maonero nemaonero.
Rational mafungiro ehunhu maitiro ekurapa anoratidza kuti zvisizvo zvekutenda ndezvekuomerera mune zvakasikwa, zvisingaenderane neyakajeka chokwadi, zvisina musoro, uye kudzivirira vanhu kubva kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo. Dogmatism inounza vanhu mudambudziko kana ivo vasingateereri humbowo husingatsigire iwo mafungiro avo, vanhu pavanopinda muchibvumirano chekusimbisa (vanobvisa humbowo hunopesana nekutenda kwemunhu).
Iyo ine hutano nzira yekufunga ndeye inochinjika uye yakasarudzika uzivi nezve hupenyu. Isu tese tinogona kuva nemaonero edu, ndipo patinovasimudzira kuti vade zvekumanikidza kuti tizviwane tiri mumatambudziko. Mubvunzo watinofanira kuzvibvunza tese ndewekuti: "Unoda kuva akarurama here kana kuti unoda kufara?" Pindura mubvunzo uye iwe uchazoziva kana iwe uri shungu kana kwete!