Mukusiyana kwemhuka, kune marudzi mazhinji ane nzira dzakasiyana dzekupona, shanduko imwecheteyo yaita kuti yega yega igadzikane nharaunda yavanogara, mhuka dzemumvura semuenzaniso, dzive nehupenyu hwakasiyana zvachose kubva kumhuka dzepanyika.
Iyo nzira yekudyisa, kubereka uye kunyangwe kufema zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoona kushanduka kwemhuka. Kufema kweGill, semuenzaniso, chimwe chinhu chehuwandu kukosha kwekusimudzira hove uye dzimwe mhuka dzemumvura, nekuda kweizvi, isu taida kukupa iwe ruzivo rwese iwe rwaunoda uye unokodzera kuziva nezve kufema system yehove nedzimwe mhuka dzemumvura dzinofema nemumakonzo avo.
Chii chinonzi gills?
Idzo inhengo dzekunze dzinobvumira hove nedzimwe mhuka dzemumvura kuti dziite maitiro e kunwa kweokisijeni kubva mumvura. Isu tinonzwisisa kuti chimiro chemakemikari emvura H2O, saka, iyo girafu inokwanisa kutora iyo O2 yemvura uye nekudaro uiendese kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wemhuka kuti iudzinge se CO2 pakati.
Mhuka dzine nhengo iyi mumuviri wavo dzinokwanisa kuendesa oxygen iyo inopinza kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri kudzivirira chero kudhakwa. Kufema kwemaseru kunoitwa kuburikidza nekufemerwa kwegill kwemhuka uye mitochondria, inova cellelle organelle.
Hunhu hwemagill
- Kusiyana nemapapu, ma gill inhengo dzekunze.
- Ivo akakodzera kune inogara kufamba iyo mhuka inokura mumvura.
- Iwo ane mafomu maviri, imwe yakafanana neiyo yekuwedzera iyo yakasungirirwa kumhuka, iyi mhando yegill inowanikwa mumollusks, maruva, salamanders uye newt.
- Chimwe chimiro chayo ndicho chinowanzoonekwa muhove, idzo dzakarongedzwa mukati mezvivakwa zvemhuka pharynx.
- Ivo vane hukama neiyo circulatory system yemhuka.
Mhando dzemagill
Kutenda kushanduka kwemarudzi, tinogona kuwana mhuka dzegungwa nemhando mbiri dzemagill: zvemukati nekunze. Zvinoenderana nezvido zvemarudzi ega ega emumvura, madzitateguru avo akagadzira giraidhi chaiyo.
Semuenzaniso, mollusks uye nyowani vane gill rakafanana neapendikisi inowanikwa kunze kugadzira iyo mhuka oxygenation maitiro rakareruka basa rako rekufema kugona. Basa rekudzivirirwa kweaya ma gill zvinoenderana nekugona kuita iyo oxygenation maitiro ave nyore zvikuru kumaseru emhuka.
Kune rimwe divi, magedhi emukati ndiwo atinowanzoona mune mashark kana mamwe marudzi ehove diki. Iyi mitsipa inosungirirwa nemuviri nekunze kuitira kuti hove dzirege kunetsekana nekufamba mumvura uyezve dzive dzisina matambudziko eoksijeni.
Zvipuka zvekunze
Rudzi urwu rwemagill rwunoumbwa nemashizha mahombe-akaumbwa-akafanana ayo ari kunze kwemhuka.
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso dzakasiyana siyana dzekushanduka-shanduka, gill dzekunze ndidzo dzekare munyika yegungwa.
La gill rekunze Inogona kuisa hupenyu hwemhuka panjodzi sezvo ichiita kuti iwedzere kuoneka kune chikara, pane zvakare mukana wakakura wekuti mhuka ingakuvadzwa sezvo ivo vachionekwa nekubata nzvimbo dzese dzainofamba.
Mhuka dzisingaverengeki idzo dzine mhando yegill iyi; Izvo zvakare zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti aya embryonic zvimiro zvinonyangarika mumaruva, kusiyana nemukati ma gill ayo anoramba ari mumhuka kusvika ayo metamorphosis kana shanduko.
Yemukati gills
Kune chikamu chayo, magedhi emukati ndiwo atinowanzoona mumhuka zhinji dzegungwa senge hove nenjuzu. Zvinoenderana nedzidziso dzekushanduka-shanduka, mhando iyi yegill ndiyo diki mukushanduka.
Kwemamiriyoni emakore, mhuka dzemumvura dzaive nemagirosa ekunze, dzaive dzakanyanya kunyanya.
Mushure mekusiyana kwemarudzi, magedhi emukati akaiswa mukati mehupenyu hwemhuka imwe neimwe; zvese nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana kwekudya uye kupona kunodiwa nemhuka.
Este kufema system yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura yegill rekunze, nekuti iri pazasi pehove yehove.
Imwe yematsetse akaiswa mutsinga dzeropa, nekudaro, okisijeni inopinda nemumhepo inogona kufamba nemukati mekutenderera kwese mhuka, ichiisa mweya kune dzimwe nhengo dzinoigadzira.
Vertebrate ndeavo vane rudzi urwu rwemagirosa, ayo kunyangwe ari iwo akaomarara nzira yekufema, sezvo iri iyo inobvumidza mhuka kufamba mukati memvura kushanduka kwakanyanya.
Chii chinonzi branchial kufema uye inoshanda sei?
Kufema kweGill kunosanganisira kuchinjaniswa kwemweya uye oxygen inoitika kuburikidza nemumhepo.
Sezvo munhu achifema kuburikidza nemapapu nemhepo, ari iye muridzi gills inoda kutora mvura yegungwa, gungwa, rwizi, nyanza uye mamwe mahydrographic zviitiko kuti akwanise kushandisa oxygen inogadzira mvura uye nekudaro chengetedza nhengo dzayo dzemukati pamwe nemarudzi azvo.
Iwo ma gill blade kana ma gill ari pamusoro wemhuka, kumashure chete.
Kuti nzira yekufema gill izadzikiswe, zvakafanira kuti mhuka yegungwa itore okisijeni kubva mumvura, pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuzviita, kungave nemhepo yegungwa inoikomberedza kana nerubatsiro rwechikamu chinonzi operculum.
Okisijeni inonwiwa nemhuka inotumirwa muropa remhuka kana, zvichikundikana izvo, kune imwe mvura inoita basa rakafanana neropa rinonzi hemolymph. Kana iyo okisijeni yaita rwendo urwu, gasi rinoita kufema kwemaseru nekuda kwemitochondria.
Kana okisijeni yaita basa rayo mukati memuviri wemhuka, inoburitswa senge kabhoni dhayokisaidhi mumvura. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti gasi iri ribviswe kubva mumuviri wemhuka kudzivirira huturu.
Gill-kufema mhuka
- Rana
- Pulpo
- Clam
- Shark
- Pulpo
- Stingray
- Tsuro yegungwa
- Carp
- Larvae
- Nyowani
Mhando dzegungwa dzinofanirwa kuchengetwa nevanhu, imwe neimwe ine chikonzero chekuve uye chekuvapo; Kana pasina mutsauko mumhuka dzepanyika, maitiro mamwechete ekushanduka kwemunhu anogona kukanganiswa.
Ndosaka tichifanira kuziva marara anokandirwa mugungwa, kurega kuita rudzi urwu rwekusazvibata, zvinoita kuti hupenyu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemumvura hurambe huripo nekufamba kwenguva.