Atomism yakabatsira munhu akangwara kuti asvike pamhedziso yesainzi nezveyedu maseru ekuumbwa. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoumba munhu chine chikonzero chekuvapo kwazvo, sekureva kwaMireto, izvi zvikamu zvisingaenzanisike zvinomira mavambo ekugadzirwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakabatanidzwa muchadenga.
Uyu mufungi wechiGreek akaita mipiro mizhinji kusainzi, achiratidza kwenguva yake kuti murume akura zvakadii; Nehurombo kuna Leucippus munguva dzazvino pane zvishoma kwazvo izvo zvinonzi ndezvavo, izvi imhaka yekuti mudzidzi wake ndiye akagamuchira dzidziso dzake seyake. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve hupenyu uyu murume anoyemurika uye nemipiro yaakaita kune sainzi yemazuva ano, haugone kupotsa ichi chinyorwa chinonakidza.
Nhoroondo yaLeucippus weMireto
Akazvarwa muMireto muzana ramakore rechishanu BC, Leucippus aive muzivi wechiGreek, wekutanga kufumura chidimbu chakakosha chinogona kuita zvisingaperi, dzidziso yake inoti atomu yega yega inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvinogona kuwedzera kuparadzaniswa kusvika zvasvika miriyoni yaro diki kwazvo. ; Sekureva kwake, atomu yega yega inogona kuve nekanguva kana isisiri kupatsanurwa.
Muhudiki hwake aive mudzidzi waParmenides uyo waaiyemura zvikuru uye aizozova chinhu chakakurudzirwa naLeucippus, nekuda kwaParmenides, Leucippus akakwanisa kuvaka dzidziso yake zvichibva pane zvidzidzo zvakaitwa nemudzidzisi wake kare, uyo akataura kuti zvakasikwa zvinoshaikwa pasina uye kufamba.
Akanga ari mudzidzisi weDemocritus, uyo pamwe chete naLeucippus vakatanga dzidziso yatinoziva nhasi seatomism. Zvishoma kwazvo zvinozivikanwa nezve hupenyu hwaLeucippus, izvo zvakanyorwa munhoroondo nekuda kwemamwe magwaro akanyorwa naAristotle, Simplicio kana wechitanhatu Empiricist.
Imwe vhezheni yezviitiko inoratidza kuti chimiro ichi hachina kumbovapo, kuti kwaive kugadzirwa kwemudzidzi wake Democritus kuitira kuti awane mukurumbira nedzidziso yeatomism. Nekudaro, unoramba uri mubvunzo kubvira, sekutaura kwatamboita, pane dhata diki pane nezve hupenyu hwaLeucippus.
Panguva iyo Democritus paanopa dzidziso yeatomism, anozviita ega, saka mbiri yese yekuferefeta inoenda kwaari, ndosaka kuvapo kwaLeucippus kukahadzika; kunyangwe Aristotle akazozvitora mune rimwe remagwaro ake anozivikanwa pasi rese.
Kune rimwe divi, kuve nekusinga zivikanwe kwakabatanidzwa nedzidziso dzeatomism mutsika, kwakaita kuti Democritus ive yakakosha.
Uzivi hwaLeucippus
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita mabharanzi nezve hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaGiriki venguva iyoyo, mitemo yavo uye hunhu hunhu hwaive hwakaumbwa nezvitendero zvakadzika midzi, kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti yaive yakakosha budiriro yenhoroondo yepasirese, ivo vachiri vasina chokwadi misimboti yesainzi.
Kubatsira kukuru kwaive uzivi semutemo wehupenyu, uyo wakashandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemugari wechiGreek, nekuda kwehukuru hwenhau yekugona kubvunza nezve mavambo nekusikwa kwechisiko kwese. zvakamutendera kuti asvike pamhedziso idzo dzidziso dzakasimudzwa naLeucippus dzaive dzisiri nhema zvachose sezvavaida kutanga vaita kuti vaone.
Kune rimwe divi, hazvizivikanwe zvechokwadi kana Leucippus aida kukonzeresa gakava munharaunda, angave aida kana kwete, akapa ruzivo rwakanyanya kudikanwa mukushanduka kwemunhu.
Saizvozvowo, Leucippus mune dzidziso yake akataura kuti zvakasikwa zvakagadzirwa nemaatomu akagadzirwa uye akabvarurwa, achifamba munzvimbo isina chinhu maringe nekuchinja kwavo.
Zvino, nzanga yenguva iyoyo yenhoroondo yakakahadzika nezvekubva kwese kwese kwese, kana dzidziso yekuti Leucippus weMiletus akaronga yaive yechokwadi.
Philosophy yaive ichiwedzera kusanganisa munhu, pachawo, iyi nguva yenguva yaive imwe yeakajeka kwazvo kumunhu, ichifambidzana nekuberekwa patsva. Murume weGirisi yekare akamutsa mibvunzo yakawanda kumafungiro akasiyana siyana, kwete chete nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi kwekuziva kana vanaMwari vaikonzera zvese zviriko; asi nekufungidzira kuti kuda kwemunhu, kufunga nehungwaru zvinogona kudzorwa nemaatomu, saka, chii chaive chikonzero chekuvapo kana zvese zvakaitika mudenga zvisina kutsamira pamunhu? Zvakatoipisisa, murume anenjere wenguva iyoyo, akanzwa kusava nebasa kukuru nekuti aifunga kuti rusununguko rwechokwadi harusvikike, kana zvakasikwa zvichitongwa nemaatomu kwete nekuda kwevanhu. Rusununguko rwedu rwakazara here?
Iyo dzidziso yeatomistic
Nheyo dzedzidziso iyi dzinovakirwa pazvivakwa zviviri zvekutanga: zvakasikwa zvinoumbwa chete nenyaya uye vacuum.
Pfungwa dzese dzinofungidzirwa nemunhu wehupenyu hwake nenzvimbo dzakakomberedzwa nekuvapo kwezvinhu zviviri zvakasikwa.
Zvinogona kunge kuti dzidziso iyi yakanangana nemubatsiri kune ingangove dzidziso yaParmenides yekuramba kwekuvapo kwekushaya chinhu.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, Leucippus akaisa mubvunzo dzidziso iyo yakasimudzwa nemudzidzisi wake, akati zvakange zvisiri izvo zvachose kufunga kuti mita haikwanise kufamba kana shanduko nekuti izvo zvaive zvisingaverengeke nekungofungawo kwenzwi chete.
Zvaive pachena kupupurira shanduko yechinhu chechisikigo kuburikidza nekuona kwekuona, uye hazvaireva hazvo kuti chinhu ichi saizi yeatomu.
Saka Leucippus weMireto anosimudza kudiwa kwekuti kuve nevhavha kuitira kuti maatomu anofamba mairi agone kuita zvakasununguka uye nokudaro agone kugadzirisa nyaya yaive navo.
Kusiyana nepfungwa yekusava nebasa iyo Pythagoras inofumura sekuvapo kwemhepo, iko kusakosha kunoratidzwa naLeucippus kune chirevo chaicho, haina chinhu.
Kuna Leucippus, nyaya inoumbwa nemamirioni ezvimedu zvidiki muhukuru, nekudaro, zvidimbu izvi hazvigoneke kunzwisiswa pamberi pehunhu hunogumira hwemunhu.
Iwo maatomu anosimbisa kuvepo kwemaatomu asina kujairika ane mamwe maitiro muchimiro chavo seye organic chimiro chisina urefu hwakareba, uye mamwe maatomu akanyatso kuenzana; zvese zviri zviviri zvekutanga kwekushanda kwechinhu muchadenga.
Ehezve, zvichienderana nehunhu hwemaatomu anoumba imwe mhando yechinhu, chinhu kana chinhu chinenge chiine basa rakasiyana mukati mezvose pachayo, ndiko kuti, maatomu anoumba moto anonyanya kusiyana neaya anoumba Mvura.
Leucippus nhasi
Nhasi, kufambira mberi kwese munzvimbo yemushonga kwakanyatso kurongeka pasi pedzidziso yaLeucippus. Kubviswa kwezvimwe zvirwere zvinouraya izvo panguva yavo zvairanga hupenyu hwevanhu, zvaidzivirirwa neatomism.
Nekudaro, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakabvumidza vanhu kuti vazvizive vega pasirese, varipo uye vacharamba vachivakirwa padzidziso yeatomu yaLeucippus weMireto.