Magnetization kana inonziwo magnetization kana magnetization, inouya kuita nzira kubva kune iyo magnetic dipole nguva yechinhu. ine hunhu yakatemwa kwazviri, inowirirana. Icho chiitiko chinoitwa kugadzira magineti zvinhu kune simbi kana simbi bar, ndeye kungochinjisa zvimiro zvemagineti kune chinhu chinovagamuchira, ichipa magineti zvivakwa kune izvo zvinhu kana chinhu, wozoikwezva kune imwe zvinhu sekunge yaive magineti
Asi chii chinonzi magineti?
Magineti ndeyemamineral ayo anoitika nekubatanidza okisijeni neyakareruka kana yakakomberedzwa muyero yekutanga yeiyo oxidation uye nesesioioxide yesimbi iyo yakakosha midziyo kukwezva simbi simbi, nickel, cobalt, nekuti simba remagineti rakagadzirwa rakatenderedza.
Izvo zvinhu kana magineti zvine maviri akapesana kana anopikisana magineti matanda, aya atingadaidze kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, kuti tidaidze iwo nenzira yakajairika kana inozivikanwa uye semhedzisiro yemabatiro avo kumativi epasi.
Nei Zvinhu zvichikwezva?
Kana matanda emagineti achisvika, rudzi rwekuzvidzora runoitika, nekuti kukwezva kunoitwa pakati pematanda akatarisana. Izvi zvinhu, zvinoshandurwa kuita magneti, zvinowanzo kuve zvakaumbwa pabhawa nematanda ari kumagumo kana ivo vanogona zvakare kuve neyakajairika chimiro chebhiza.
Ichi chinoshamisa chemagineti chinogona kutora mafomu mazhinji, inogona kunge iri magetsi mu conductor kana ma particles anofamba achipfuura nepakati, kana kufamba kweelectron muatomic orbital. Miviri yacho inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu. proton, maerekitironi, uye neutron. Maerekitironi magineti ehunhu uye zvirizvo, kuti mumiviri zvinhu izvi zvinopararira mukuwedzera kwavo uye zvinogona kuratidza zviito uye zvazvinoita nenzira yechisikigo.
Zvinhu zvese zvine chivakwa ichi here?
Zvinoenderana nekuedza kwakaitwa, zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvatinobatana nazvo zvine mukana wepamusoro kana zvishoma mukana wekukwezva kana kuve nemagineti kukwezva, hongu mukati meiyi nzvimbo yakawanda yezvinhu, simbi ine huwandu hwakakura uye hunoshanda kupfuura semuenzaniso , iya ine zvinhu zvepurasitiki.
Kune zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, cobalt, nickel iyo yakanyanya kuratidza magineti, kana tikaswededza izvi padyo nemagineti, tichaona izvo nekukasira iyo simbi chikamu ichabatana nayo, ndiko kuratidzwa kuri nyore kwatinogona kuziva. Zvese zvinhu zvine magnetic zvimiro kune imwe nhanho. Nekuisa nyaya mune inhomogeneous munda, inokwezva kana kudzoserwa munzira ye gradient yemunda iwoyo. Ichi chivakwa chinozivikanwa nemagineti anokanganisa nyaya zvichienderana nedanho remagineti iriko.
Iyi magnetization inoenderana nesaizi yenguva dzedipole dzemaatomu mune chinhu uye padanho rekuti nguva dzedipole dzinoenderana. Pano tinogona kutaura simbi, iyo ine kana inoratidzira yakanyanya kuzivikanwa magineti epamhepo, nekuda kwekuenderana kwemagineti nguva emaatomu ayo mukati mamwe matunhu anonzi "Domains".
Iko kune chiwanikwa cheBoron, iron uye neodymium, (NdFeB), ayo ane madomeni akaenderana uye anoshandiswa kugadzira magineti anogara aripo. Simba rakasimba remagineti rinogadzirwa nemagineti makobvu matatu emagineti akagadzirwa neichi chinhu rakaenzana nemagetsi emagetsi akagadzirwa kubva pachiuno chemhangura chinotakura ruzha rwemazana ezviuru zvemampere. Mukuenzanisa, iyo yazvino mune yakajairwa girobhu iri ma 0,5 amps.
Magnetic nguva
Iyo magnetization M yemuviri inokonzerwa nekutenderera magetsi magetsi kana epakutanga maatomu emagetsi nguva, uye inotsanangurwa seyemagineti nguva yeyuniti ye huwandu hwenzizi dzakadai kana nguva. Mune iyo mks (SI) sisitimu yemayuniti, M inoyerwa muwebhu pa mita mita imwe.
Kune rimwe divi, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive mhedzisiro iyo magnetization ine pazvinhu zvemuviri zvezvinhu, pakati pazvo zvatingataure: kuramba kwemagetsi, kupisa kwakati uye kumanikidza kwakasimba.
Magnetic munda
Chii chinoratidza kuti kune simba remagineti isimba rinoshandiswa pane izvo zvimhosva zviri kufamba, simba iri rinodzora zvinhu zvisina kushandura kumhanya kwazvo.
Tinogona kucherechedza izvi, semuenzaniso, mune torque pane kambasi tsono iyo inoshanda kuwiriranisa tsono neiyo yepasi magnetic field, yakati tsono chidimbu chidimbu chesimbi chakavezwa magineti. Imwe yakanyanyisa inowanzodaidzwa danda rekuchamhembe uye rimwe dondo rekumaodzanyemba rakanyanyisa, nokudaro simba riri pakati pematanda ese rinokwezva, nepo simba riri pakati pematanda akafanana richisemesa.
Hunhu hwe cmagnetic field
Iyi magnetic field inogona kunzi Magnetic Flux Density kana Magnetic Induction, uye ichagara ichifananidzirwa netsamba B. Chinhu chakakosha chemagineti munda ndechekuti kubuda kwayo kuburikidza nechero nzvimbo yakavharwa kunonyangarika. (Nzvimbo yakavharwa ndeimwe iyo inokomberedza zvakakwana vhoriyamu.) Izvi zvinoratidzwa musvomhu ne div B = 0 uye inogona kunzwisiswa panyama maererano nemitsara yemuminda inomiririra B.
Magnetic minda anoyerwa muzvikamu zvetesla (T). (Chimwe chinowanzoshandiswa pachiyero cheB ndiyo gauss, kunyange hazvo chisingatarisirwi seyuniti yakajairwa. Rimwe gauss rakaenzana nemakumi mana kusvika mana.
Mupfungwa iyi, simba remagineti zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nemunda wemagetsi. Mitsetse yemagetsi emagetsi inogona kutanga uye kupera nechaji.
Iyo inowanzo sosi yemagineti minda idunhu remagetsi razvino. Iyo inogona kuve magetsi emagetsi mune yakatenderera kondakita kana kufamba kweyekutenderera elektroni muatomu. Yakabatanidzwa nemhando mbiri idzi dzazvino zvishwe ndeye magnetic dipole nguva, iyo kukosha kwayo iA, icho chigadzirwa chazvino i nenzvimbo ye loop A.
Zvakare, maerekitironi, proton, uye neutron mumaatomu ane inosanganiswa magnetic dipole nekukanganisa kwaro kwemukati; Aya magineti dipole nguva anomiririra imwe sosi yakakosha yemagineti minda.
Chinhu chine magnetic dipole chinguva chinowanzonzi magnetic dipole. (Magineti dipole inogona kufungidzirwa sediki bhaa magineti. Iine magineti akafanana neaya magineti uye inoita nenzira imwechete mune ekunze magineti minda.)
Kana yaiswa mune yekunze magnetic field, iyo magnetic dipole inogona kusungirirwa kune torque iyo inowanzo kuenderana iyo nemunda; kana iyo yekunze munda isiri yunifomu, iyo dipole inogona zvakare kuiswa pasi pesimba.
Magnetization Nzira
Direct kuonana:
Iyo ndiyo yakanyanya kushandiswa, ingo pukuta kumucheto kwechinhu ichocho, ingava simbi kana simbi neimwe yedanda remagineti, uku ichikwiza mumwe mugumo neimwe danda. Kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti izvi zvinoratidzwa zviri nyore, isu tinofanirwa zvakare kuziva kuti izvo zvakasiyana Magnetic zvinhu zvinoda simba rakasiyana remagineti, saka zvakakosha kuti uzive huwandu hwesimba rinodiwa kuzadza zvizere magineti panguva iyi.
Induction:
Diki diki simbi kana simbi mabara anonangwa kune magineti ane simba, ipapo tambo inovharwa pachidimbu chesimbi, yatinoti "coil", maitiro aya anozogadzira chiitiko chinozivikanwa se electromagnet, kukwezva zvidimbu zvidiki kune magineti. Izvo zvinodikanwa kujekesa kuti izvo zvinoitika zvekukwezva zvinoitika chete apo magetsi emagetsi ari kufamba.
Iyi mitsara inogara ichivharira mukati mavo, saka kana ikaenda mune rimwe vhoriyamu pane imwe nguva, vanofanirwa kusiya iro vhoriyamu zvakare. Mupfungwa iyi, magnetic field yakatosiyana neyemagetsi. Mitsetse yemagetsi emagetsi inogona kutanga uye kupera nechaji.